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L I r- r f fOT UI OT very long bag after atter the I Pilgrims landed i N 1 iN at Plymouth the first negroes to re reach rech ch I America were a sold into nto slavery at 1 Jamestown Va Twenty of them were in inthe in th the cons consignment omen t and their arrival in 1620 I places them almost on a par with the white f race as pioneers even though the part they J played was involuntary I it In two O and a half centuries the black race in increased increased in- in creased to of whom all but half halfa halfe e r a million were slaves y The Th They y w were cre re i igno igno- g noa no- no V V ii rant illiterate owned no property and e except ex e- ce P t in a few states had few more legal rights than we wc grant to an Aldern Alderney y cow Also f for or untold ge generations they had t roamed wild over Africa Half a century has has now claps elapsed d since since this hi r great greet mass of pf untutored humanity was freed by by- by bya a stroke of Abraham Lincoln's pen hIl l Nothing U ha ha- haa a a r n n action i in inthis Il this g generation with the exception of of- oft the lj liberation liberati b on n of the Russian thc serfs And what th tile the negro owes owe to lo Lincoln as measured b by Y his progress can best be gained by the few fews s salient n facts herewith f presented 4 LI Lincoln n freed reCd the slaves they B were wore just about what their ancestors hu hud bc been n sinco since the tho beginning of history history his his- tor tory so so as s we know knots it t Most of theta them were tart imported lom tilt tho region that hoi bor I tiers ders tl the Of hI nell AS a ru rule they the were ere re superb s sl U l. l The J men there stroit strong lithe lI tl though h n t 1 s hard harty s its t ei ir ha a t. t bt i J. J r J. J f art i k 1 t f Fifty Years of Freedom I f c r. r i. i Worked Astound Asto nd f fr r I Lu r 5 i ng Changes Chang es in lj His is ish h 1 Moral and M Material t 0 do t 1 f I i s n l' l l 0 n C f. f x xV V Cv y o 6 i j jA Ll L A j O 4 t 1 Il t- t l I Ie 1 l ol iI t 1 I w.- w. t o j. j yh or oot 1 v t rV j tt ty o r j v f. f f V. Ut I t i l J. J v i N v i V r N f J- J r v i. i v A t 1 ij i AP I t v I I k l I t t t. t y 1 JI I I J j. j T tJ r rt r. r y ji f t i H i t. t t f fT fy i t t n nJ r. r J t. t T J y t. t Tr i f t. t j r C t 0 T 1 x t t n r 1 t The Th e Em Emancipation P fro Proclamation cI aa at on and aid Its fruits Ami JlII liy by u of the puller po cr fur for the purpose I do en order null nn T ore thai hal nil I ron held a nN n. eM el lr k- kf f State Slate or of J tnt lunch an nN were ere In r rebellion h lIlon Dr are and henceforth shall hull he be free tree and that the hc t of or the United d States including including- the military and naval thereof will Rod and iii the freedom of mich pe and ond 1 I hereby enjoin the tho p people ople No 0 o declared tree free to 10 from nil violence H In 1 elf de defence and 1 I to them lint lu nil cases car when hen hen allowed they labor faithfully nod 1 fo for fo reasonable wn And nd 1 further declare and make moke Known that such Much o ut will III be lIl received relph tl Into tho the armed d service of or the United States to tort forts positions null nud ud other places and to man mon vessels of nil all sorts In 10 nuch Nueh Ami upon this Ills net nd sincerely believed to 0 be un an net act ot of justice warranted by the h Upon necessity I Invoke the considerate of mankind one and t the e gracious s favor 10 of Almighty God THE GROWTH GRO OF THE NEGRO arrived d on the American continent In 1020 and ond were acre sold old Into cry elavery nt at Jaw n. lo lon n Vii An Number of slaves lu In America nt at the tho clone cloNe- of the r revolution 6 Number of or cIUCH In America merlc at nt the of ot the civil Rr Number of ot nr negroes I rocs lu lum America m today of Increase In fifty year 11 10 of of white population In SS of or n negro ro population In unu U I 4 Value of or u si a century n no o o. o Value of or n In l ive C nt the bc of ot the civil ar I ty owned uee h by slaves In 1663 none Done l Pro Property pert owned IJ by freedmen rr In 1013 1913 l STATUS OF EDUCATION IN 1863 7 Twenty 1 eDt In 10 years year hud bud college training STATUS OF EDUCATION IN 1913 ColI nail private schools mannered and practically supported by b- negro roc Des got Negro ie ro children schools lH contributed ll to lJ by uc negroes In tort forty Books written II by l roc 2000 conducted b by negroes 00 Churches owned o d IJ by 1000 at ot Contributed annually to tn churches Member embers of churches church Contributed yearly to secret and ontI beneficial societies R T y supported e 11 by negroes and Dud retreats ata of old folk folka 60 SO 0 0 cemeteries ce T tOO 00 In tote and nod Ko 0 about e In military our I rt In the army and ond many hundreds oIn of o In Individual lu In the au navy roc c-roc In profs profs' s Teachers lous Teachers clergymen l 00 THE NEGRO IN BUSINESS IN 1863 1853 All 11 hut but n D minute percentage were ere or the lowest tn types s of field handa hantle f THE NEGRO IN BUSINESS IN 1913 Ih lue 4 owned h by freedmen 10 OO tonu M owned b by ie roes 0 owned by h- i grues grue's r. r fiT 57 Lend own owned d by lu In tho tite south acre nere nn on area larger than Tn the of nod and Holland equivalent to tl every seventh faro farm In lu the country 1 Included that bat rented rental us ue well ell a n. n o on neal acres acre worth north t- t uruau lUU ur f conducted by I nc ro a 0 year year equal equal to one ong dollar Collar In tn ery c u produced tI II by American farms owned b by NEGROES IN GAINFUL OCCUPATIONS J II ll ell ellway way handy hands l n 1 noo l lle o Ci f 2 IY Ine 1 r nail 1 10 O i r. r IUt of of 1 LL 6 i n r c I Iless i. i less prone to take to the well born of thi th- th tha i iii African women Only n a few years ago rig the tho 5 I Ab tty claimed to hove have discovered a L tl- tl 4 script t which 1 g gave anti authentic and interesting acy ac ac- y 1 J nf nf of tl 1 lu u hl journey which nn nn nTh alt Tho ho Women consumption 1 m ius 11 f prone luona to con contract in the mold of 01 Venus of-Venus 1 V but in youth w were re cast oust soon lost los t their s symmetry written records go As fur far Lack bash as people had be been neighbors neighbors' o of the Uio I 1 n Nile T. T for lor thousands thou thou- of the Alon 1101 Along the rile great t valley alleY of tho the Ethiopian sands sands of years ars there then are traces truces deemed subjects subjects' of tho Pharaohs Tho Ilion pian race with ith the tho dark dark- intermarry it t no disgrace to peoples In Iii many of of the ol old paintings and statues there are ore traces o of negroid in iD- iD n- n r T x As our out own Bible plo proves e tho rho Hebrew race race least at-least from flom the days davs ol of of-iS of was none the tho thoC C- C 4 TOW lt j jI I V. V r J- J AO oJ e dent t Qu n of made to Solomons Solomon's court COUlt Yet throughout the tho ages it has hns been tho the invariable rule that when whon the thc black came camo in contact contact- with the white man the black man died out He has been present in many of tho the most notable scenes of oi history but ho has 1103 taken no memorable u part in them Always he IlC has been beena a n lQ cl of oJ tho the good thin things s of life and o of a n moro more amatory than warlike disposition Some centuries con cen tunes ago ngo his lands lauds were welo desolated 1 by bj the tha Vandals who w went nt through Africa like liko a firebrand firebrand firebrand fire fire- brand leaving nothing but Jut ruins to l nark mark their course L 1 1 lC TL TI I. SIDE GE tI t I u f f. f t It 0 t I 1 i 11 o fl tc fw t f t. t f IV S i J I j i WI-AT WI THE NEGRO H TO LINCOLN I i Fifty Years of Freedom Freecorn Have Worked Astounding Changes L L in His Moral and Material Condition Co diton I I. I from tron Front Font Pa e Magazine Section 1 T r And now for time the first his j f tory tot as ns Dr Booker T T. Washington pointed out in a recent sp i the tho negro 1 gro Is proving that he can exist elst In Inthe time the company of tho the white whit matI My I has the tho race justified years ear of of its Is emancipation said Doctor DoctorI I V Washington Wo o havo o proved d that 1 we could coull live lve near the white whiteman whiteman white man and Increase In numbers We e are aro ro I the only race with R a dark arl skin l t has been able to live side Ido h by I with tho thoI I Iwhite white man and still sUll il increase reA in Id numb num num- b hers bers r My I race now eon numbers lQ American nn citizens n and and It looI loo a as asi I i though we were tere to tn live Jve t together for a along along n long Jong time as ns I see pp no sign of ot the ne negro l going AWa away an anywhere tI else Tiie nc negro ro la is 18 better beter able to understand uA us u. and andI I digest the white mans man's methods 1 c- c than I is army any other othet race Weare Wo We Woore O Onre ore are more like your our type than J is an any other race raCo from forel foreign n countries As AR to the difference cc between th redman rod red rodman man n and n the black man nan 1 Doctor tish ton drew the following contrast CONTRASTS C T WITh 31 JUS AX Congress Con rel a annun annually r appropriates from tp to for on t the American Indian NeVer er e since the t tc the c days ys g of ot recon reconstruction has hns the ro called upon the American people to toli li help Jp him hint In nn any ama way ray except for churches and Institutions whereby lie he ma may receive an nn education to eni b ble e him to help himself You do not see cee ree reetho tho time n negro gro on your our street treet trept corners hand hand outstretched el beJ begging for tal I IAm nm ant proud of ot being a black man L e e cause aus m my nay race ha line has a bl big t solve Iol c I thank G God d fr e every day than tha I Iama Inina I nina ama negro o. o and arc I r do In not seem seek I or e cralle an any mans man's pit pi pity because I 1 he belong long 10 diy sy race The rhe truth of or Doctor s 's observation mn may may be he appreciated h by a n survey cf the fate o ot o oth other r r s c have been thrown In contact wit wih h ithe white bItt man The Hawaiian n as 1 a arace jace race nr ire are being overridden o The e Mexicans are c r vanishing Th Indians Indiana through h their refusal to adopt th thi th wn ways of or civilisation ri n for several generl- generl Rener- Rener ton were wen reduced ed to a shadow ow o of their former sh selves OnI Only a t few feu- w years year n ar nan nto t It t was sas that the tid tide hogan began t to turn again in their thel- favor f and nd them merely n because enough wildness was 00 wearing out of their natures to allow allon I them h to n adapt apt themselves to their their changed ch environment en On he contrary contral the negro ha has doubled dou loti bled Il J In numbers l e in J Ju t half a century 11 T I IT- IT fi i. i Mme ente j tU i n Iii i i 1 LIU th the emancipation n Not only that hut hilt he lie r reduced dur d ha s Illiteracy in thirty year car from to 1900 h by hy 43 41 p per r cent Since then of Qt course tho timo ratio ha has not b beon so great r nt for Cor tw twe I 1 r neon's seine flome ol old 1 people ople re re rc l pt left ft who do not nol particular carp carl for educating and the younger oun er cleo element is so much better b schooled p choo l there th J I Is not room i fr such a n. sensational lwin as a wa made dc when tIme the liberated J laves h hgan n an advantage o of their new found Indeed one can scarcely the a advances ancs that hl b been en made lb Ay Aby yards ards unless n he ic make make-k a mental picture of or tie t c in which they thc existed from one to two I centuries ago no There is tho the African home which one writer has hns thus thul described describe The domiciles of ot the then fIo In the th widespread d tendency Do to grouping around C a n central point and l to fencing as ns well as in the pro prevalent light construction con con- with grass gr reI reeda r. r stalks or boughs show a principle due dUI to no- no Genuine i build temporary tern tem puran huts hut of ot bru brushwood which the they prote protect t by b laying mats matl or 01 skins over them the a. a construction extends rom front the floh of oC the Red Ked sea even to the time Hott Hottentots The Time only Inn firm part raft of ur theae huts hut is some ome kind of or ortone tone stone wall carried round them to prevent prevent prevent pre pre- vent the rain from washing away th time the sand and tho water from pouring in the Ii house houle ous e. e mon o them tho pastoral r races ce tho timo In individual mill indi l- l vidual huts are arc Ie In Iii a circle clr- clr cle cie round an open space Pace into which the herds rd mIre are driven at night Larger er villages often ofton contain several inclosure ur ure ures hedged or for tor herds and flocks locks and tho the settlement is finally once more surrounded by br a alar II lar large o h Th he h conical style of ot hut b I prevails amonG nearly all the negroes I of or Africa The Time plan Is circular or oval o th thi elevation conical al or shaped with tho the entrance 10 low the time hel height ht be being belag be- be lag ing- that of a man and the diameter twice as 3 much With IUt these thele people marriage was main mainly a matter 0 of barter and sale Their homo home life was a as rud rude i an and amid uncouth uncouth un un- couth n ns as their theil dwellings They hoy were wc nomadic or but on one degree decree r remove removed Nl from that mode mod nf Ir livelihood And find now to picture their thir hornet a ant slaves IMeA during tho thin half century lug Ing the civil war is not quite so 51 cas easy heen uce there were a classes rl o of servitors er whose modes o of nL life lIro w wore ere re a l wide apart aa as the north pole from th |