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Show I WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS . U. S. Forces Ordered to Stand Or Die on Korean Battle Front; Baruch Urges All-Out Controls (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) I Battle Lines U. S. Starts Drive The Federal Bureau of Investigation Investiga-tion was back in the news with the announcement of two new arrests of spy suspects. They were identified identi-fied as Abraham Brothman, 37, and Miriam Moscowitz, 34. The couple was arrested after Harry Gold, confessed atomic spy, named the man as his one-time associate as-sociate in espionage activities for Russia. Miss Moscowitz is a partner in Brothman's engineering firm. In all, seven Americans now have been arrested since Dr. Klaus Fuchs' trial conviction and sentencing senten-cing to 14 years in prison in England. Eng-land. . Meanwhile, the government started start-ed a campaign to catch and prosecute prose-cute spies and saboteurs. J. Edgar Hoover, F. B. I. director, direc-tor, said each citizen can play an important part in stopping Communists Commu-nists who would bore from within. The citizen's job, he said, is to report re-port quickly to the F. B. I. any evidence evi-dence of subversion or sabotage. And Attorney General McGrath announced that the justice department depart-ment Intends to be ready for any evidence that might be turned up. Effective October 1, he said, four federal grand juries instead of the usual two will be kept on duty in Washington.. At least one grand jury will be used exclusively to deal with charges of subversive activity. CANDY: Important Food Item Candy has become one of the nation's na-tion's important food items and America's sweet tooth demands an average of 17 pounds of candy per miir'v u fin KOREA: Stand or Die For many- Americans, who had been Inclined to look upon the Korean Ko-rean war with indifference and an attitude of "business as usual", there came a rude awakening during dur-ing the fifth week of the conflict. Casualties began to arrive - from Korea, youngsters without legs and arms, bullet-riddled young men who kept their eyes closed as they were transferred from planes to ambulances, ambu-lances, boys who did not wish to talk or be quoted. To the millions who had no brothers broth-ers and fathers and husbands in Korea, Ko-rea, the scenes brought back frightening fright-ening pictures of World War II, memories of days filled with tears and prayers, and sometimes, utter despair. And to the awakening American public came another shock. The commanding general In Korea, Lt. Gen. Walton H. Walker, said: "There is no point in not telling the simple truth, which is that the war has reached its critical stage." The American army had retreated retreat-ed as far as it would retreat, General Gen-eral Walker said. He gave one order to his troops: "Stand or die." A desperate all-out push by North Korean Communists, aimed at Taegu, center of American Amer-ican defenses in South Korea, is underway. The Red forces hurled nine divisions against the allied line. U. S. forces gave up Hadong (1) and fell back to Chinju. Hamyang (2) was under heavy attack. In the Yondong (3) and Hamchang (4) sectors, the U. S. first cavalry and South Korean troops blunted a powerful power-ful Communist assault. ATOMIC BOMB: Won't Be Used Many people have wondered in recent re-cent weeks whether or not the atomic atom-ic bomb would be used in Korea. President Truman has announced it will not be used in Korea, but it was recalled that the President has asserted several times that he would not hesitate to use atomic bombs to assure the security of the United States. As the world situation became more tense, it was obvious that officials offi-cials were carefully avoiding any public discussion of the use of atomic weapons, though strategists have indicated that there are no worthwhile targets for such weapons weap-ons in North Korea. Another angle of atomic warfare was under consideration by defense officials, however. Ways and means of stopping any ship from entering American harbors that might be carrying an atomic bomb were being be-ing worked out. ' Port authorities in San Francisco and New York have announced all ships from Russia or Russian satellite satel-lite nations will be stopped and searched before allowed to center into those ports. Americans were shocked by his flat statement that his army must win or die where they stood without hope of surrender or retreat and a mass evacuation as at Dunkerque. And in Korea the G. I. has a question ques-tion for the war correspondents: "Are you telling the folks back home the truth that it is a tough and hard fight, and we need more help at once?" That was the situation as 120,000 Communists began a steady attack upon U. S. positions. Along the entire en-tire front, stretched in an arc from Yongdok on the north to Hadong on the south, Communist troops hammered ham-mered at American lines. Four U. S. divisions, none at full strength, with the aid of some South Korean troops, the exact number unknown, slugged it out with the invaders. in-vaders. American supplies and reinforcements rein-forcements were rushed to the battle bat-tle area, but if they would be enough and in time was still the question uppermost in the minds of military Readers. One outstanding truth stood out from all the rest: American troops were locked in the battle that would decide the Korean war and possibly the peace of the world for the next 10 to 15 years. As Gen. Eisenhower said, "If our forces in Korea are defeated the entire en-tire world will be thrown into another an-other great war." It was a rude awakening for the American people, but a necessary one, most observers agreed. It was now time for the American people to get down to the bloody, unpleasant unpleas-ant job of winning a first class war. capita each year. This figure is taken from a book just published by Edwin J. Brach, Chicago candy manufacturer, who reports on America's candy-eating habits. Using figures from the department de-partment of commerce, he shows that candy is an important food item in the American family budget. bud-get. On a per capita basis each American Amer-ican eats almost seven pounds more candy than butter annually; almost 10 pounds more candy than cheese; about 11 pounds more candy than margarine; nine pounds more candy than cereals and only 2 fewer pounds of candy than coffee. Citing figures from the Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Eco-nomics, the Brach report showed that the average family spends 25.2 cents per week on candy in food stores alone compared to 23.7 cents for canned juices, 21.5 cents for cakes, 19.8 cents for shortenings, 18.7 cents for soups and 16.3 cents for white flour. Almost half of the candy purchased pur-chased today is sold in food stores, RUSSIA: Returns to U. N. The Soviet Union ended its boycott boy-cott of the United Nations as Deputy Foreign Minister Jacob A. Malik took over the council chair for August. Aug-ust. The democratic nations of the world immediately raised the question ques-tion of why had the Russians called off their six-month walkout, especially es-pecially at this time. There appeared many possibilities, possibili-ties, the most important of which was a belief the Soviet Union would attempt to sabotage the work of the council. Other observers pointed out that the so-called Stockholm Peace Petition Peti-tion campaign by the Soviet Union had failed and the Russians must now try something else. The security se-curity council offers an ideal place for a "so-called" peace move. Still another possibility presented by observers was founded on the belief be-lief by the Russians that the Communists Com-munists may win the Korean war soon and that the Kremlin decided to step back to the council and demand de-mand peace at that stage. Primary Winner EMPLOYMENT: Highest in Two Years Kxcept for farm work, employment employ-ment in the United States set a two year record during the first week of July with 52,774,000 persons per-sons employed. The previous peak was 52,452,000 in July, 1948. The department of commerce estimated es-timated 8,440,000 farm workers were employed during the first week of July as compared with 9,647,000 in early July, 1949. The increase in employment was attributed to a stepped up production produc-tion in industries directly related to the nation's mobilization drive, most observers believed. Secretary of Commerce Sawyer made this comment on the employment employ-ment situation: "It should be noted that, with the nation again approaching full employment, it may be necessary once more to find ways to expand our labor force to permit the increased in-creased industrial production and strengthening of- the armed forces requested by the President." He was quick to deny, however, that he had any thought of possible manpower controls in making that statement. PLANES: $4 Billion Order As the Korean war developed it became obvious to all observers that the United States air force has the best planes in the world. That superiority will be increased. The air force has announced 200 manufacturers manu-facturers have been ordered to begin be-gin work immediately on nearly $4,-400 $4,-400 million worth of new planes and parts. Considerable secrecy enveloped the details of the order. Manufacturers Manufac-turers were authorized to announce the number of additional workers they would need to fill the orders, but they were prohibited from disclosing dis-closing the type of production, the number of units, the dollar value of the orders, or other Information relating to the contracts. New Economy With an eye on the huge amounts being spent for the armed forces and defense, the house appropriations appropria-tions committee decided to take another look at non-military appropriations ap-propriations and cut them where it can. Some observers think the cuts may be drastic. A committee spokesman said the group had no fixed goal, but was determined to "cancel all appropriations' appropria-tions' that can be cancelled. 111 "Y ' Vjp J : ' ' ill U 1 HIV: , i MIL -v. i " 4 " I ' ' I INFLATION: Invitation to Defeat Elder statesman Bernard Baruch spoke his mind (and the mind of a great segment of the public) to the senate banking committee when he urged congress to freeze all wages, prices and rents, boost taxes, and ration essential goods in a broad program to mobilize the nation's economic strength. In his clear and determined way, Baruch asked the question that has been in the mind of the average citizen cit-izen since prices began to rise after the Korean war started: "Shall we do now what we know will have to be done later, and thus hasten the victory of peace? Or shall we fumble fum-ble and falter and invite defeat?"- Baruch, who played an important part in economic mobilization in two wars, urged: Priorities and allocations as proposed pro-posed by the President. Elimination of profiteering. Higher taxes. Effective Effec-tive price, wage and rent controls. Power to ration scarce civilian essentials es-sentials where necessary. The postponement post-ponement of all less essential works. A reduction of unnecessary public and private expenditures. Every effort ef-fort to increase production. Also, the development of substitutes substi-tutes for things in short supply. Control Con-trol of all exports and imports. Conservation Con-servation of whatever is scarce. And organized self-restraint among the people "the enlightened self-discipline self-discipline to accept the denials which winning the peace entails." Congressional leaders seemed divided on Baruch's plan even if the public was not. Said Sen. Robert A. Taft, he "wholly disagrees" with the elder statesman who, he asserted assert-ed is "for all-out dictatorship". INDUSTRY: Higher Profit Rates The Federal Trade Commission reported that 17 of 25 major U.S. manufacturing industries had higher high-er profit rates in 1949 than in the prewar year of 1940. Most striking increases in the rate of return were motor vehicles from 17.3 to 29 6 per cent, biscuits and crackers from 8.7 to 16.8 percent per-cent and bread 7 6 to 15.3 per cent. Percentage rales were based on ockholders investment after taxes K.ep. miKe ivionroney aeieai-ed aeieai-ed Sen. Elmer Thomas in a rnn-off rnn-off primary election, and thus won the right to represent the Democratic party in the November No-vember senatorial election in Oklahoma. Democratic nomination nomina-tion fn Oklahoma is tantamount to election. MACHINE TOOLS: Aging Alarmingly The nation's population isn't alone in growing older. Machine tools are, too, and at a rate that a wartime production expert finds "alarming." "Our industrial equipment is deteriorating de-teriorating so rapidly that the nation na-tion could be placed at a serious disadvantage in an emergency," said William L. Batt, president of SKF Industries, Inc., and former war production board chairman. |