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Show tt'o sbbbYsVJ BY 9BYflBB BW bVJBJBjs Vx BJBJBJBJ bbm ? r PANORAMIC REVIEW OF THE YEAR 1902 I B ! Happenings of Importance During The' I Twelve Months Just Ended. S-Js" f.r, , , a H CmJ Strike the Event of the H Year of the Most Far-Reach- H tag Importance Public Sen- H timent Thoroughly Aroused H Over the Controversy. B IMMM BH The year of 1902 opened with the as- PB cured certainty of the early coming ot PH peace In the Philippine! and 8outh At- iH rlca, and with the date for the eitabllih- J ment of an Independent government In PPJ Cuba already determined; the Cong"" PPJ of the United States was rapidly ap- PPJ proachlng the favorable determination of H Its great problem of the construction of PPJ an Isthmian ship canal, And abroad Ger- PPJ many and England were almost ready H J for combined action against Venezuela H jf In the matter of those same debt claims H which In the concluding day of the year "BB A havo been the cause for a new strain In Ifl the Interpretation of the Monroe doctrine. BBT But as the outcome proved, not even BBTf the greatest of these matters possessed for the people of the United 8tatei such vital Importance as another event, which BBf was far from being foreseen at the time, and which, when It came, gave at the start little reason to suspect what Its course and conclusion would be. This was the great strike In the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, which lasted through the summer and fall, It was not merely that this was one of the greatest strikes In the history of the United States for the number ot men on- gaged, the length ot Its duration and the obstinacy tilth which It was fought; nor to It because ofvthe mere fact of the H Inconvenience and loss occasioned by It H to the public; nor yet because In securing H Its settlement the President of the United H iStats was forced to take control of the H situation by acting In a manner for which m there was nothing In the constitution or H customs of the land to give Justification. H Beyond all these things the strike was H the most" pregnant event of the year, be- H cause of the way It crystallised sentiment H on the part of that great body of the H American public the consumers who H were concerned In It neither as employ- H ers nor as laborers, but who were forced, H by the Jeopardising of their own Inter- H est.i as consumers, to Intervene for their H own protection, B ; The strike began May 12, and the mln-BB mln-BB rs did pot yield an Inch In their resolu-H resolu-H tlon until they voted to return to work BB Oct. 21, after arbitration had been ar-H ar-H ranged for. The number of men Involved B was 147,000. The price of hard coal In New B Tork, where the factories were accusal accus-al tomed to no other fuel, rose from 13 to H aa high as $20 a ton, with often no sup-H sup-H piles to be had. The demand of the mln-H mln-H ers was In part for higher wages, but H .,r still more for a regulated and fair meth- Uli od of weighing and recording the product H i5x of the men, by which the union, acting m as an organisation, could protect Its H members' Interest H The mine, owners, organized In the most B thorough monopoly In the country, and B represented by the piesldents of the coal H cat lying railroads, seemed to welcome H the strike, and contemptuously declined B all proposals of arbitration, from whnt- B ever source. Whether their attitude was M , dictated by a desire to obtain larger hold-m hold-m , Ingft of stock In a demoralized market ur B to make possible permanent higher prices B for coal, or from a deep antagonism to H organized labor, was a mutter only for H speculation on the part of outsiders, B Tl'roitgh the strike there has risen as H one of the greatest among the gieat llg- B urrs of Americans of the day, that of H John Mitchell, the young lender of the B Mine Workers' Union, who June 17, at B Indl ilia polls, prevented the bituminous BJ coul miners from striking In svmputhy. BB who carried on the Ml Ike wtth less nc- BB companytng violence than was ever BB known In so great Industrial dlsorgantza- Bj tlon befole, and who, despite great pnr- BJ son ii I aggravation front his opponents' B methods, maintained n serenity that helpnd not a little In the" clear-sighted Bjf progress which he made to ultimate vie- Bf tory With the finding of President BF Romevelt's, commission of arbitration H next spring will come the end, as far BJ as Us Immediate Incidents are concerned, H of n n Industrial struggle that would nev BJ er h.tve begun had the representatives of BJ capital showed themselves as true to H the'r agreements and aa Intelligent In H their views as did the representatives of B labor, VM Independence of Cuba. PJJ Or the two great eents of the year In B connection with the treatment by the BB United States or the Islands Uiat fell BB unclrr Its Influence us a resutt"bf the JBJ Sput IhIi war, the llrst was the Innugurn- B tlon of Independent government In Cuba. BB ? Thi Cuban Independence dny, wnen Pres- UBJ yW Idem I'almu took control of the execu- BJf tire office, was May 2. Just thtee days BB after young Alfonso attained his ma- H lorlly and became king or Spain. In fact. BB The poptliar election had been held Dec. H 21, 1901, and the electoral college had B chosen the Island's president Feb. 21. B The American military governor. Hen. BB Leonard Wood, lowered the American B Hag and left the Island to Its own re- H (OUI KB Peace In the Philippine!. VJB ' Tho Philippine Islands uete declared M by proclamation of the President July 4, to be In a state of peace and quiet and M worthy of the establishment of the civil BB n place of military government, "for M which Const ess had provided. With this B went a proclumatlon ot amnesty to po- BB lltlcal offenders and civil administration BB begun. B The Year's Legislation. B Of national legislallou during the year BB there was none of mute Impottunce to BBj, either the commeice or the nuval' power B of the country than that authotlzing J the construction of an Isthmian canal. H After much discussion or the relative H merits of the Panama and Hie Nlcnrn- M guan routes. Congress made provision H for a $200,000,000 band Issue uml passed H a law whlclf gave Ptesldent Tlopsevelt H the power tn decide upon the route jVJ Of other elH!iitlon th pirsnge of the national Irrigation act, turning aver the BjB revenues from the national domain for BJ th use of a cnniprrhenslve scheme or BJI Irrigation, and Die ctratlon of a tierma- jH nent census bun-uti nte lo bo .noted, To MJjS relieve the congestion or an evet-arcu Bf mulatlng surplus. Congress trmov'ed the IH last of the war revenue txe and iiaexe.i ABI ,'BV th largest river and. liiiri.o- Vl'l '" 'JJ IB W country's history -approiit(ttlrtK 00n - LBJJ 00. A 10-cent jlmind tar nn err"i oleomargarine, so heavy us tiisautltully B to eu that Industry In .half, was lm- b3 rosd. . . B End of the Boer War.' VJf The Boer war, was 0) ought to an end R May U by the jtfnlng M Pr-Moft )' th Boer representatives, together with Lords Kitchener and Mllner, of a document docu-ment embodying terms of surrender. The Boers' persistence In the conflict had won for them the conditions on which they had Insisted when they were ready to yield more limn a year before. They had not been holding out for Independence, Inde-pendence, but for clemency for their leaders and for the return to South Africa of the Boer urlsoivurs on English Islands. They gained these things and also the gift ot 21S.000.000 In cash to b used In the restoration of their agriculture, agricul-ture, and promises of further loans as they needed them, together with the assurance (hat self-government on colonial colon-ial lines would be rapidly granted them. The Venezuela Imbroglio. At the beginning of tho year Germany and England were acting In harmony on a plan to compel Venezuela to pay a few millions of debts due their subjects. It was understood they had given the United States assurances that they would not In any way overstep the limits set by the United States In the Monroe doctrine. Their plans were dropped during the spring and summer, however, while President Castro of Venezuela Ven-ezuela found himself busy In suppressing a rather more than usually pretentious revolution. In the last month of th year acrmnn and English fleets suddenly sudden-ly appeared off Venezuelan ports, sank Venezuelan ships and announced their Intention to blockade the ports and seize the customs to make good th debts. Arbitration at The Hague was not wanted by the European powers, a they feared Castro would pay no heed to a decision against him, and for that lesson les-son a proposal was made to President lloosevelt to become the arbitrator. Th vital feature of this demand wa that It sought to Impose on the United States some responsibility under the Monro doctrine, along with the authority admitted ad-mitted to It. Upon the letusal of President Presi-dent Itoosevelt to act as aibltrator th allied powers finally yielded to his urgent ur-gent suggestion that the matters at Issue Is-sue be referred to The Hfgue tribunal for settlement. Matters of General Interest. Of matters of other than political or Industrial Import during th year two which wilt be at once thought of are Cnrneglo's I10.COO.O0O gift to the Carnegie Institution tor the fostering of scientific research and Investigation and Cecil Rhodes' .great gift of his fortune by will The sending ot the first wireless message mes-sage across the ocean by the Marconi system was on ot the great achievements achieve-ments of the year. The first signal were sent In August from Nova Scotia to Cornwall, but In December thoy wer followed by complete messages from' Lord Mlnto, governor general ot Canada, to King Edward and to the king of Italy, In the matter of th navigation ot th nlr some progress was made, as notably when Stanley 8pencer sailed thirty miles across London In September, The year witnessed on ot the greatest disasters In history during the volcante activity In th West Indian Islands, when Mont Peleu's ruption on Martlnliiu killed, with u handful of exceptions, every living being or the city ot St, ' Pierre, W,0U souls. The response of I Ainerlcw to the story of suffering was ' such a prompt creation of both govern 1 ment and private relief funds as to add an additional great sutprlse to the many the United States has given to the world ' in the last few years. I Decrease In Lynchlngs. I The lynchlngs reported In 1502 show a . most gratirylng decrease, being but nine, tv-slx as computed with 1U In 1901. Ot these lynchlngs eighty-seven occurred I In the South and nine In the North. Ot j the total number elghty-stx were ne-I ne-I groes, nine whites and one Indian. On I woman whs Jynched In South Carolina. Fire Losses In 1902. I The total fire losses ur 1902 will be j about I15l.eoo.0on, which Is un Improve, ment In the situation hs compared with 1901. Tho decteasu In the fire waste would have been still mo,ic matked but for several sev-eral large flies In December. The losses this year ot 2100.000 and upwatds reached a total of tTft.UO.OOO. Disasters In the United States. The following tuble gives the loss ot life resulting from disasters or various Terrible Disaster at Martinique the Most H Appalling Calamity. H i kinds In this country during 1902 as reported: re-ported: Ktr 1.510 Mine SIS ' Drowning 2.008J Cyclones and Explosions ... . 220 stonns IS1 l Kalllng llulld 'Lightning 206 ' Ings, etc, ... . tlt'l Electricity 121 Trusts Formed During the Year. 1 New tiusts. with a total capital ot ill-1 ill-1 most tl.OCO.000.000, were formed during ' 1902. Of this vast cnpltul over seven eighths, or approximately 22,700.000,000, was the Capitol of the combines formed In New Jersey, New York. Delawateand , Maine The' other cunipaiileH were scat-I scat-I tcred over all the other slates. The total to-tal Is only about !2-1).NO0v0 below the In-, In-, corporations or 1"0I when the billion dollar dol-lar steel trust nnd the ItuOOOO.OOO North' em Securities Company were formed. King Edward's Coronation. What was expected to have been the most gorReous spectacle of modern times was tho cuiuuiitlou of King Kdwr.nl Vll, of England at Westminster Abbey on June 26. In anticipation of the event tha British Emplle had been preparing b- Legislation of Importance Dealt H WitK by Congress Shadow H Cast by the Vcnexuelart Em- H broijlio About to Be Lifted- H End of Boer Wa.r. H wwaavs BBBBBJ fore 1902 began mid the end of the Boer H war was even more welcome, because It BBBBBJ enabled Edvvaid to don his crown In a H time ot perfect peace. As the days drew BwBTfl near the Ambussadors from tho farthest H ends of the earth came to London, al- BBBMBJ ready overcrowded by vlsltota from alt jH land. The ccrcmonleH, retaining nearly BBBBB all the mediaeval formalities, were care- BBBBBJ fully pluutied and minutely rehearsed, SyAyMa while the public rushed eagerly to buy H seats erected along the line of march and H tho nobility of the realm concerned them- bVBWfl selves with the ceremony tn tho Abbey. BBVBV Ihe king camo up to London In very 111 LTBBBB health, On tho 24th ot Juno he took to M his bed. and on the following day a co- !--- terle of the most eminent physicians and BvssVssVJ surgeons ot the lealm determined ttmt an hVsVbbI operation was necessary to save, him from bzVbBB death or an ailment closely resembling H appendicitis. On the 25th Sir Frederick H Treves perfotmed the operation, and for aBBjSSI many days the King hovered between life H mid deutli Coronation gayety gave placo tM to gloom, thousands of visitors, lncludlnK IzVsWswJ some of the iimbaseudors, returned home. IbVsWsbI Hundleds ot tradesmen who had anticl- IsVsVsVJ pated large profits found themselves lm- RBBBBJ poverlshed. und an expectant sadness BBBBB prevailed throughout th empire. Blowly. 9BBBB however, the King began to Improve, and H on August 9 the ceremony took place. BKBKBJ Religious Movements In 1902. H There has been perhaps nothing more striking In the religious history of th ttVBVJ year Just dosed than the disposition of ... religious bodies ot different names to ,,, "gt together" In the practical prosecu- aBBTssi tlon or their work. Nothing decisive has hVswBbI vet come ot th movement tor a union 'lBBB f th Methodist churches North and IBBBB South, nor f the Northern and Southern BBBWl Presbyterians, but progress has been WaBaBJ made. The project for bringing together H the Congrrgatlonallsts, th Methodist H protestnnts and the United Brethren has BBBB made hopeful advance. Finally, th year has been on of gen- ' erous giving. The most remarkable single BBVB Instance Is found In the Methodist H church. Three years ago, on "watch night," there went out from a Spring- ' H field church a call for a twenty-million- BBBfl dollar fund for the development ot Meth- : H odlst religious and educational wtlrk. BJBJl Deo. 81, In the same church, to the to- BBBB pie assembled to watch out the Old Year, H was made the official announcement at BBBB the completion of this noble fund. It la . j H a gieat achievement, which fittingly I BBBB crowns the closing year, ' H The November Elections. H The general elections of November 4 re- , suited In the election ot the Fifty-eighth IBBBB Congtess aa follows; Republicans, 201; ' Democrats, 171. I November 4. Of the states In which 1 H United States Senators are to b chosen ' BBB the following elected Republican leglsla- BBBB tores: California, Connecticut, Delaware, ' , B Idaho. Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Mich!- H Ran, New Huiupshlte, New York, North , H Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, ' H Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. Domo- BBB cratlc legislatures were chosen In Colo- ' BBBI rado, Florida, Missouri, Novada, North ' H Carolina and South Carolina. ' H The following state governors were elected: Alabama, William D. Jelks M (Dem.); California, Dr. Oenrgo C. Par- dee (Rep,); Colorado, James If. Peabody H (Rep.); Connecticut, Ablrum Chamber- - H lain (Rep.); Idaho, John T. Morrison H (Rep.); Kansas. Willis J. Bailey (Rep.); BftBB Massachusetts, John L. Bates (Rep.); ) H Michigan, Aaron T. Bliss (Rep.); Mlnne- ' BBH sota, Samuel It, Van Bant (Rep.); Ne- BBJ braska, John II. Mickey (Rep.); Nevada, i H John Sparks (Dem. Silver); New Hamp- H shire, Nahum J. Bachelder (Rep.); New J H York, Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. (Rep.); , BBVJ North Dukota, Frank White (Rep.) 1 BB Pennsylvania, Samuel W, Pennypacker BBBJ (Hep.); Rhode Island. Dr. L. F. C. Gar- ; BB vln (Dem,); South Carolina, Duncan C, '' H Hey ward (Dem.): South Dakota, Charles H N, Herreld (Rep,); Tennessee, James BBJ B. Frazlor (Dem.); Texas, Samuel W. T. . M Lanham (Dem.); Wisconsin. Robert M. H LaFollette (Rep.); Wyoming, De Forest 1 BBVJ Richards (Rep.). B Re-elected. I BBJ New York City gave a Democratic plu- I BBBJ rallty of 121,000, BBJ Prince Henry'. Visit H 'Four days later and on the same day ; B Mrs. Stone was released, February 23. BBBJ Prince Henry or Prussia, brothor of Kats- ! BBBJ er William of Germany, landed In New j BBBJ York, and us th nation's guest was ao- I BJBI corded a grander welcome than ever 1 BBBJ given n torelgn visitor. He came to rep- , H resent his biother at the launching of H his yacht, the Meteor, built by an Arnerl- BjH can firm and christened by Miss Alice BBj ltoosavelt ut Shooter's Island, Now York, BJBI February 25. On the 27th the Prince, hi H suite and the dlplomutla corps at Wash- liBBB Ington attended 11 session of both Houses iaVawJ ot Congress In the Senate Chamber, at 'JBJBB which Becretury of Stato Hay delivered i!MJbwJ his memorial address In eulogy of the tVJH late President McKlnley. During the re- 3'sVewJ inulniler of his visit the Prince's special 'llsBBB train bore him westward, as far as St, fljBJBJB Louis, Mllwauko and Chicago, south aa , 1,11 fur as Chattanoogu, where o brief but i'lVsVJ enthusiastic welcome awaited him at J BJBJ evel-y stop. He sailed for home 00 JBjH March 11. Itavlng a pleasant Improasloa 1 'H ot himself behind and bearing with him BJBJ a favorable Idea of America, ', H Troubles In Chlna, t H To the story of 1901 belong trie bloody j H "Boxer" outrages and (lie retrlbutory Bj occupation ot Tlen-Tsln and Peking by I : H the allied forces of Russia, England, (j H Germany, Fiance, Au.tria, United States, iliBBi Italy and Japan. The (light of tho Em- tffffsfl press Downger with her giundson, th 1(1 Emperor, and the resi of thy Chinese ssBBfl Court and tho tedious negotiations at- BBbYJ tending the settlement occurred In tha !flfl preceding y ar but It was pot until Jan- -BMsVJ uary 7 that the remarkable woman who ijJtBBB dominates the government of China r- JstfllVJ turned to Pelting With all show of gra- JattBBsVJ clousness and reassuring messi;es' to th BbBBtJ I foreign diplomatic court reassembled vBBVaVJ within the Forbidden City, arrangements 2WzVssi were made for the payment of the Indem- !iHjVJ nltles to tho powers und a withdrawal of c ffsWswJ the allied soldleis was discussed. This ..BbVJ ftvacuatton was delayed because offHl sl created by Russia's attitude In Manehu- 'sKM |