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Show - Steps by Which the War Weary World Is Nearing Peace I k Rev iew of Year's Progress, Political and Economical, Eco-nomical, of the Nations, With Chronology of Most Important Events. jflj 1 rr - SHa I most chaotic cross current, but at Hi last the wkvm of disturbance suc- cording the great ftorm of the war arc sub-mt sub-mt ruling Mid the- nation!) appear to be facing I gur well for the period of reconstruction V nnl. Smmj (I Most of the year ha been taken ufe with j 1 .m. lo-ilni '" the formation .if the tMMW M I Ln"ut' ot Nations under the Treaty of Ver-Km Ver-Km E The President of the United States y M . terms ot Ihe treaty was requested to cal! ., !, mini. 11 Thi- ' 'li'i j I by cable on January- IS. summoning it tpmeet u ' I ln Paris on Friday. January 16. At this y ; mtlng M. Leon Bourgeois was chosen I j r ! ! The COHd meeting of ihe council was 11 In London on fTebruery 11 and l - ! pfc trusted t . Mr. Balfour the framing of a plm X for a permanent court of International Ju- . At the third meeting, on Februaf3 l I j tve iv i uteri ttional Jurists wers nominated " I r the Mtablllll- itet, 1 ,, , i .... , ourl on. of the nominees helm; Fllhj Root. a The peace conference closed it k Notions thJK on l.iiiuar) 'l and tin activities of the sn-me(5l sn-me(5l v . f ' iti ..I tci a . o.ic-jI hlle? '"' 11 eoune" 01 Premier, - win i. i itif 'i-cuuon of partaejf with issues ' of International policy. Refnre It wus dix- 1 solved the supreme onncll on January 16 a J ' ej the allied blockade of Russia. I tllo i W'R iun eountrhs nlso voted to Join. Donnia' '." Jm Kw d n l . nt i . n. M; ' ' I I : I rnr Eb i i i lie ' f p -W .Hi Arc-ill inn which entered a "nn"! 11 "nn 1 r'" ' " lewtfl ' ''' 1 toreJ Tl"' 'i'1 French and Italian Premlei IC t.gl ' ' ' ' 'I'' ' " Pa'' (,m April 1 8 tO l le ir wFt '-p mtsunderstsndlngs. regarding the attltu ' W i - The r.-suli wafl ii Jo.mI tp i .! ii -1 n Bi o' nd iB faith and assuring her that the treaty would luctejJ 'ug U ' ' di mand -d nnd it B wis i I . Ili.it -i fixed vnm should lie n trued Led JI ,rn ' ''''' ;! man "v!' mi' ; v jjj - ! ' m i w is i i ti i to n the Allies I imbeai eonf. ren.-i- it sp.i to discuaa hi r resourci r Thirl , ': mpll tnee Willi the tH s fata: . i .. i-'ii hi diplora ta foi the 'ttlc I ' rp mer the AlUea face id 3 IK t',,c '"'it'al terms. The diffcuaadona Saated .. ;B until July 16 and ended in Qermahy ajtree- TM f "m ,r" ,n"r,' ,n' " bv i ' . to eontlni the trials of war i i 9QB ''''', m! In ni k.- i.-jtiiIu d.-Mveries of iw.i a1' the- kr"p their prom lac for a year, tin- K I 00 I In BRome. Pari-. London nnrl Brussels. Tin Hotel National In Geneva was purchased for tbe 1 i.rii-' iiiiidii).ir'ers for ..'.no. I t;'franrs and at Hie end of October the entire W. clerical force moved there from Iondon in . i jaombly, which was called by President Wll- i n November 15. ' H This sratherinp. attended by 241 represent-pb. represent-pb. at i i x of fnrty-one nation?, nt once displayed ifcthe weakness of the lensue ln face of th 1 1 enormous difficulties to be encountered i Pouth Africa surprised everybody by sending if In .nl if :,v dvle:ai I. n Lord Rohert feel!, .'.'an Englishman Paul Hymans of Belgium Rwas elected permanent president There was not -n of a military or naval uniform In Kto six committeee the principal questions si-d. m One of the most important actions taken I by the leatrue was the decision to send an in-II in-II ternational force to Vllna to settle the ills-Hputo ills-Hputo between Lithuanians and Polea for pos-I pos-I fesslon of the city, to he declled by a plebis- -pain Belgium, I Denmark Holland, Xorway and Sweden l '' ' '' 1 I lltliliute tl ops. While Spain Band Norway were asked to furnish vessels Kto transport them to DaUUtiff, all to be unler ineil I On November 22 tho assembly unan'.-Bmously unan'.-Bmously adopted a resolution requesting tii i council I . ,K some 'ower to act as Interme-I Interme-I diary Uuuu, MijKtapliu Kemul and the Ar-I Ar-I menlans In order to save the latter from ah-9 ah-9 nihilntlon. The Invitation waa sent to tho E United States and wis accepted by Prfeatdeilt Wilson in his personal capacity, as well an I by the Governments of Spain and Brazn. I President Wilson on December If. named I Henry Morgenthau, formerly American Am- bassador to Turkey, to represent him in the neKotlatinn.s. The appointment of a permanent mandate ' .'' 1 on Ni ' mb : 26 Wis to contort of nine members, five of Wbom p ;'" to be from nun-mandatory "t.-itev From the very beginning of the year tho British Government, in addition lo foreign complications, has been disturbed by troubles nt home, of which the Sinn Fein revolt in ji eland and the railway and coal dlsagree- I nn nis in P.n.slan.l were the most acrious. ihelfws r.lo .1 f,e,,rr.,. continued to P wc-athe:' the storm belter than the head of any other of thy principal allied Govern- I ipporl of British labor. fiii'ie N'li oil P.nrnes, the only remaining PJ J.ahi.ritc lii the Britteh Cabinet, resigning on January 27. Wage Increases for railway POikera, fixed by the Government under its bwar powers, were rojected on Januarv 4 as i inadequate. A resolution looking toward nationalization of the coal mines was also re-rjected. re-rjected. This was one of the chief demands I of the miners' union, and on March 10. in -j " ' !''". -n. !!: oted for a general strike nnd appealed tor support to the Trade Union I Cor. Terence, which met the next day. The llntter voted aKftlnsl direct action, but I h c iti i" r on-tli utlonnl political action. I The miners renewed thci: threats in the I f ' l -1 1 1 1 . - ( ,i i Tin- men struck on October If, On the 'hiv 'i. f. 1. 1 ininent pla.-ed nn ern-hurgo ern-hurgo on coal exports, fuel for private use I find city lighting and put the pnhilc on food '' " 1111 I'n: il' after twelve in- s the rnlons agreed to refer the offer of an in-irrisi in-irrisi of two shillings a day to the men. T" I. ulers. feelln? that they 'mj antnu-aonled antnu-aonled the public, called the strike oT Tin- Irish ttatne ruie bill was Introduced mi P n uarj ! i it t v ided lend one lor the BOUth of Ireland, with a Bogisl'itive council like :i senate, repreeeutlng I but h. Th t 1 i i dele voted lo nctaiu P. Mr. Aqulth's amendment for a single Parliament for Ireland ws defeated on May TV The bill passed the Commons on Nnvem-bar Nnvem-bar 11 and went to the House of ford. wl.err it was substantially amended and se'it back to the Common? on December 1 1. Mean-vhile Mean-vhile owlny to the Increase of crime in Ireland, Ire-land, a hill conferring extraordinary powers on the Government was enacted into Isw. With the election of Herbert H Asquith at Paisley on February 2Z the old Liberal party was revived to resist Lloyd Qeorgava policy Ireland. Despite IJojd George's promise of home rule, the growth of the Sinn Fein and the feeble showing made by tho Unionists In the municipal elections of January 1j Indicated Indi-cated that Ireland would he satisfied with iiothinz less than independence. Out of 1,240 vacancies the Sinn Fein won 422, the lahnr party 324 the Nationalists 213. and the Unionists only 297. The Nationalists who favored home rule, had been ousted Inn I-'einers from almost e pj -Vat In Parliament Par-liament fttld, ns they declined tn Hike th seats won. Ir-iund was almost without representation rep-resentation at Westminster. Meanwhile . rime I untlnin d to flourish ( ni March 10 Lord Major MoCurtain of Cork was nssissinuicd by masked men In ia -.vn house. His successor. Tofehoe Mac-Swlfley, Mac-Swlfley, was arreste J on August 12 on -'harjos of sedition and taken t.. London, where he Immediate!) began a hunger strike in protest pro-test against British rule, which ended in his death on October 23. after a fast of seventy-four seventy-four ki The Sinn fain eetabllahed their own I courta ami police, erecting a whole system .. v , r,.i governmenl unler tiie eyes of the Brttlah ofSolaje while police, conatabiilary and soldiers were assassinated - r shot from ambush. I in Hi Phenon, Chief Sec-retary Sec-retary for Ireland realghed and was suc-ceeded suc-ceeded by sir Hnr.nr Greerrwood, a Canadian Cana-dian by birth on April f. In the following month th civil war w.i.-il fierier and ihp burning of police hdrracua b van Troops were ptiured Info Ireland under i-onimand of Gee. pi, Xevil Macready. Rjbor look n hand In the Irisn troubles, and railway dockers and Shipping men re-fuai re-fuai d to move troops or munitions. A Trade Union Congress in London voted. 2,760.000 to 1.&30.000, to Urge the Govern' men! to withdraw Ihe troops from Ireland The disorder finally crossed the Irish Sea .mil on November' ?S more than a dozen totton warehouses In Liverpool were destroyed de-stroyed nv Incendiary fhe. But the terror-Ism terror-Ism culminated in the partial burning of th-city th-city or Cork on n.e night of December 11 Thn-e hundred houses and public buildinus were Jestrovcd and tlie damage was estimated esti-mated nt $20,000,000. India. Fighting on the northwest Indian frontier, w .ii i as.-nm.il lar'e proportions at the end of 1919. was tairied over into the new year and Moslem unrest was aggravated by the P-iti-h policy toward Turkey. The all-India callpha'e conference at Delhi on Tar nary 2 adopted A resolution to boycott British goods If a settlement with Turkey were not concluded con-cluded lo the satisfaction of Mussulmans meaning if the Sultan were not kept in i onsiaiitinople. The report of the Indian National Congress, Con-gress, published at Delhi on March l-3 biahiea the Biltlsh massacre of nat'ves nt Amrltsar last year as "a calculated piece of Inhumanity unparalleled In ferocltv" anl demands the recall of the Viceroy, lo:d Chelmsford, who approved the acta ot '.V Punjab Government without Inquiry One result was a movement of emigration out of India, some 27.000 peasants passing through the Khber pass into Afghanistan Tho Legislative Council at Simla came to an end on September 16 and will be replaced by h large Indian Legislative Assembly, of which Alexander Frederick Whyte was named first President. Lord Chelmsford was recalled and Sir William Meyer was named first High Commirrioner France. Premier Clcmenceau resigned on January IS, having completed his work of organizing organiz-ing the machinery for enforcing the treaty with Germany, and President Polncairc asked Alexandra Millarand to form a new Ministry, which received a vote of confidence. confi-dence. President Poincaire on February 17 ended his term of office. Paul Deschane! was elected President, and on the following day entered upon his duU. s There were May Day riots In Paris and the railway men began a strike for the nationalization of the railroads French dock workers joined them on May Premier Mlllerand replied by a measure to dissolve the General Federation of Labor and was supported in the Chamber Cham-ber by a vote of 526 to 90. ln consequence the federation called off the strike. Daachanel resigned the Presidency on September 10, and on September 23 Premier Mlllerand was chosen to succeed him. receiving re-ceiving 696 votes out of the total of 892 cast by the two houses of Parliament ln Joint session at Versailles. The selection of Georges Leygues. who was Minister of Marine ln the Clameacoaii Cabinet, to be Premier und Minister of Foreign For-eign Affairs followed and his Ministry received re-ceived a vote of confidence of 507 to 80. assuring as-suring the continuation of France's policy aluoad and for reconstruction and pacification pacifica-tion nt home. Italy. Pn nner Nltti resigned on June y and was succeeded by Giovanr.i GIOllttL Glolltti is a remarkable man. 80 years old, but wonderfully wonder-fully vis rous. Ills first efforts were directed di-rected to making peace with the Balkans. Italian troops were withdrawn from all Montenegrin and Albanian localities Albania Alba-nia was to become independend -ind trade was to be opened with Bolshevist Russia. Bed uprisings broke out all over Italy ln June. The workmen's councils voted almost unanimously for cooperative management by the working staffs of the factories and for profit shanos,- Premier Ciolllti Intervened Inter-vened by aummonlng tho employers and the metal workers to a conference, and after mm a hesitation the former agreed to let then men share In the management but not to d.i-ii i oTations. A Government com-inissioii com-inissioii v is to arrange the iletails. D'Annuus!o on Septembei 9 declared Flume an Independent ate and ifi Septem A REVIF.W OF THE YEAR 1920. Jan. io Exchange of peace ratifications by Germany and fourteen Allied Powers. 13 Mob storms Reichstatj; forty-two killed. 16 First meeting of Council of League of Nations at Pariv 18 Alexander Millerand becomes French Premier. 20 Red uprisings in Italy. Feb. 17 Trial of Joseph Caillaux. former French Premier 23 Bolsheviki consolidate northern Russia. 25 Trlsh Home Rule, providing dual Houses, introduced in Parliament. 26 Prince of Wales lays cornerstone of new Australian Capitol. Mar 3 Woman suffrage in Communal elections voted in Belgium. 6 Silva becomes Premier of Portugal 10 Lord Mayor of Cork McCurtain assassinated 13 Revolution of Junkers in Germany. 38 General strike ordered in Belgium April 1 Sir Hamar Greenwood appointed Irish Chief Secretary. 18 Powers demand disarmament of Germany 25 Turkey carved by the Powers. May 7 Carranza flees from Mexican capital. 20 Carranza murdered by Herrera. June 4 Hungary signs treaty of Versailles 16 Giolitti succeeds Nitti as Italian Premier. 24 iadislaw Grabski made Polish Premier July 12 Lithuania signs peace with Russia. 12 Latvia makes peace with Russia 15 Japan occupies island of Saghahen. 16 Civil war renewed in China. 31 Reichstag abolishes compulsory military service. Aug. 13 Terence MacSwincy, Lord Mayor of Cork, begins hunger strike. 18 Armistice between Poland and Soviet Russia. Sept 9 D'Annunio declares Fiume's independence. 22 Millerand elected President of France. Oct. : W B Vanderlip obtains vast concessions from Lenine. 8 Agreement between Egyptian Nationalists and Lord Milncr's Mission 25 Terence MacSwincy dies. 26 Poles and Russians negotiate a peace Nov. ie Italy and Jugoslavia conclude negotiations. 14 G'.n Wrang.M defeated by the Reds 15 Paul Hymans made permanent president of League ot Nations 22 President Wilson accepts responsibility in Armenia. Dec. 1 Obregon inaugurated President of Mexico. 11 City of Cork set afire ; damage $20 000.000 15 President Wilson appoints Henry Morgenthau to represent him in Armenia 15 Bulgaria and Austria admitted to the League of Nations ber 20 named a Cabinet for Ihe "Italian Regency Re-gency of Quarhero;" Negotiations to. a settlement set-tlement of the dispute with Jugo-xiaviu were broken off in June with the fall of the Nltti Cabinet, but were resumed by Giolitti. On November 12 an agreement was reached Which brought the long dispute to an end. it irovided that Fiunn- should be Independent, w!th the Italian boundary extended ex-tended to meet it. b'Annunaio, the (rrecdnc.'Iable, declared himself dissatisfied, Thereupon Italian troops surrounded Fiume. The dictator declared de-clared a stale of w.r on December Two Oaye later a committee sent by the ChambCi persuaded him to desist, and on December S t was staled that Rome would recognize the 'Regency of Quarnoro.'! Germany. A llsi of vso naniis 61 (iSrman officers and soldiers who hail OOflunlttSO' crimes contrary con-trary to recognised rules Of war was completed com-pleted jii January 13 for presentation to Germany With a demand for their trial. I'rged by the Ffiheit , a Communist organ, a mob of 50,000 persons gathered in front ot the Reichstag building on .January 13 and overwhelmed the miliary guards Doors were barred, but some bullets reached the Interior In-terior and the sitting was Suspended, In lie rlnt the police finally had to us- bombs ind machine guns, forty-two persons being killed in its suppression A counter revolution, directed against President HJbert'S Government and Inspired by Junkers and Pan-Germans, suddenly gained control of Berlin on March 13. Wolfgang Wolf-gang Kapp proclaimed himself Chancellor and President Ebort fled to Stuttgart, but proclaimed a frencral strike of workmen, which swept the country, stopped all transportation trans-portation and cut off food and water from the elites. Dr Kapp resigned on March 17 and O.UBta'v Noske. Minister of Defence, re-turned re-turned to Berlin to take charge of the (o.v-ernmenl. (o.v-ernmenl. rJbert himself going there on March 21 Bnoouroged by success of the strike the 1 tretnlats imong ihe workers started a revolution rev-olution on iheir own acoount in the industrial indus-trial centres. They captured Essen and 1 number of other towns ami demanded the resignation of Noske The Fbert Qovern-ment Qovern-ment agreed, the "trlke was called off and ri.itinx Ceased. Herman Muller formed a new Cibine oil Match 27 with Heir Gessler Huccoedihg Noske. '.erman elections were held Oil June (J for the first Reichstag under the republic Tbe majority Socialists won 1 I : scuts, their rivals, the Independents, si. the Centrists 83 the German Nationalists (55. the People's party 81. the Democrats 15 and other sma'l groups 32. The majority So. lalist.s had lost B8 members compared with their National Na-tional Assembly representation, and could no longer form an alliance certain of a majority. major-ity. Konstaptln Pchrenbach, however, succeeded suc-ceeded In forming a Cabinet on June 19. in which the Centrists, Democrats and Peopte'J 1 any were represented, he taking ihe office ..if Chancellor, The Reichstag on ! jly 31 pased a bill abolishing compulsory military service. The Government ordered general disarmament of the civilian population, areelnn :o pay 100 marks for each rifle surrendered until October Octo-ber 10. and 50 marks for the mri ten days, after that nothing, November 1 being the lajrt day for voluntary delivery. Poland. Poles were fighting beside Lithuanians aa tho year opened and against them as it ncared Its close Their first endeavor was to clear their eastern border of Bolsheviki. and the allied Lettish and Polish troops New Year Must Solve Difficult Problems, but f a Brighter Future Seems Sure, in I Worlds Old and eu . made a good start by capturing Dvinsk on January 3. Poland also undertook to police territory In southwest Russia evacuated evacu-ated by Denlklne but not yet occupied by a- K .1- The armies of Russian Reds were driven bach along a front of 400 miles In March and April from the Latvian border to the Dniester and the Poles made an agreement with the Antl-Bohlhevjsl Ukrainians, recognizing recog-nizing the independence .if Ukrainia on April With the cooperation of the latter they next advanced from the Zbrunt front, capturing railway equipment and prisoners ln large number. In May the combined Polish and Ukrainian army captured Kleff. the Ukrainian capital, from the Bolsheviki. making the fifth time the elty had changed hands. Five days later they entered Odessa. Then came the reaction. The Uolshevikl brought up troops released from the Siberian Sibe-rian front and bean hammrins at toth ends of the long Polish line. In the north they tried to open communications with Blast Prussls and in the south, on June 3. ih. v sue eede, 1 jg flanking and driving back Gen Pilsudskis troops Thirty Itolshevlst dlvi:.in., were con. en t ra te.l on the lower Dnieper, forcing the evacuation of Kleff by a heavy cavalry attack on June 14. The' Powers notified Poland that she muf not agree to any Bolshevist demands for disarmament or outlet to Germany or ac-. ac-. 1 j.t any boundary less favorable than that laid down by the Allie Polish commlssion- is niei .1 Russian tleleKation at Minsk while the Red armies continued advancing and reached the East Prussian frontier on July tl ln the south they captured Lomza and Brest-Lltovsk and began a drive at Lemhi rg They reached positions in a half circle, nearing Warsaw In the first days of August Next Poland asked help of France and Gen Weygand was sent to organise her military defence. Armored boats wen- hastily has-tily sent down the Vistula, and on August 17. when the Bolsheviki were within twelve miles of Warsaw, a great counter offensive was begun. The Polish 1 ommlssioners at Minsk refused disarmament terms, whici the Reds correspondingly lowered as their army retreated. The situation was entirely reversed In a few weeks and peace negotiations negoti-ations were transferred from Minsk to Riga, where an rmlBtlcS was signed, to take effect ef-fect October 18. The agreement was ratified rati-fied on October 26 and negotiation" for a permanent treaty of peace were begun and dragged into Deeembr'.-. Egypt. Lord Milner, head of the British mission, was sent to Egypt to inquire Into the state of Ihe country El Azhar University pn January 7 demanded complete independence. SEaglUl Pasha, head of the Egyptian Nationalist Na-tionalist natty, went to Paris to plead for Independence. In-dependence. Largely through the efforts ot BS-GOV. loseph w. Folk of Missouri the Nationalist delegates in London were induced to treat with the Milner m!sion. The conditions proposed for settlement Were: 1. abolition of ihe protectorate; 2, internal Independence . it foreign rights) the public debt and control of the Suez Canal, and t, external independence, These provisions were agreed to by Zagul Pasha and his associates in Paris on October Oc-tober 8 and in Cairo by about f0 per cent, of the Nationalist district and provincial committees Austria and Hungary. Austria is suffering more than any other of the former enemy States by the economic rials. . Chancellor Karl Ronner resigned with his Cabinet and was succeeded ln June by one headed by a Tyrolese professor. Dr. Mayr. hut consented to retain the portfolio of Foreign Affairs Hungary on the overthrow of the Communist Com-munist Government of Bola Kun began n ruthless extermination of all who had the slightest leanings toward socialism. Men were Imprisoned, tortured ami finally executed exe-cuted publicly, tickets being sold in Budapest as If for a spectacle. Count Apponyi received tho Hungarian peace treaty in Paris on January 7, :uid the Hungarian Assembly on February 21 chose Admiral Jlorthy as Regent. After vainly trying to evade its terms the Hungarians finally signed the Treaty at Versailles on June A. .Greece and the Balkans. Venlzelos was received With enthusiasm by Parliament on Ma;.' U, when he told them the ancient Creek domain had been tii us restored There was a great peace celebration in Athens on August 11, but a Constantiniat plot was already under wav. and on the next day In Paris an attempt was made to assassinate Venucelos, who was slightly wounded. King Alexander, who had been on vacation vaca-tion In Paris with his wife. Mile. Aspasie Manos. whom he married ln defiance of royal traditions, returned to Athens in September. On October L' he was bitten by a pet mon-l mon-l ey arid .)!.! in Oct. .her ' Three days later the Parliament proclaimed as sovereign sover-eign his brother. Prince Paul, then with their father, the exiled King Constant!: e. at Lucerne. He declined the crown, strengthening strength-ening the royalist conspiracy to bring back the deposed sovereign. This plan was overwhelmingly over-whelmingly indorsed by the people In the Creek elections on November 14 and ln a aptdal plebiscite on December '. despite a note from the Allies warning them that all financial support would he withdrawn from -Jreece If Constantine returned. He (eft Lucerne on fireCember H and Venice the next day, on his way (o Athens to ho received re-ceived as King. Bulgaria ratified Ihe peace treaty or Neuilly on January 12. having Just phased through a week of anti-dynastlo rioting and trial strikes Creece ratified the Rnl-sarian, Rnl-sarian, Austrian and Oerman treaties on February 28. Bulanrlu was admitted to the league on December 16. Russia. Irkutsk was In .i state of sice as the year Opened and was finally captured by the Boi-rhevfkl Boi-rhevfkl on January 0 RolchaJfe army hem completely dispersed, the survivors fleeing by vv iy of the Slbi rlan railway. Admiral vol hak pij d himself tinder protection of 1 ! ii Slovak contingent, who, 1 nieatein d ;. revolutionaries, surrendered him 1 r the Reds and he wan execmed on February 7 forme, PremUr Pepellayefl fading the nring stuad with Bolshevh-, fori(s oqouph, Archangel on LW rcbruarv 19 ftn(1 Murmansk on Fabruery M WMMMM COnaOUoatlng northern Russia under theW tule and ,00k PcFekop nd Novorossysk. BmW p-nlkines bases in the .south, on March 27 In April a new nttempt to overthrow th 1. euv was made from th- southern Crimea where Gen Wrnngel took command of wh.. was left of Denlktne'e troops, and two months later salll-d from the peninsula and WMMMM defeated the Reds, taking 4.000 prisoners gnu forty guns. On June 25 he took 10.000 prisoners and on July 6 surrounded an entlr Bolshevist cavalry corps of eighteen rngi. UMMMM France On August 11 recognized Gen. v r.mgei de f goutn Russia. Wrungel continued his advance md Gen. Balakhovnch Joined forces with I pled Klcfr ,n October, while the Russian 1K0.. I the Soviet forces on the Dnieper. 'i oed, vV range m si disss- H on H lack Into the Crimea, the Rods on Novem-ber Novem-ber 11 reaching Sebastopot. The United State, while unalterably op-pose. op-pose. I tu 11 cognizing the regime of Lenin and Trotsky, would permit individuals to their own risk. Turkey. prams council voting the Syrian mnda'a to PranCS, the MaeopOlamian to Britain and L the Armenian to the Onjted States provided she would accept, while Palestine was to bo Jewish state under British protection. Thrace was awarded to GrcVce. The treaty was handed to the Turkish delegates ln Pails on May 11 In reply Turkey refused to cede Smyrna or parts of Thrace nnd the Greek troops proceeded to occupy them and. drive back Muatapha Kemal'e forces in An a hi Meanwhile the French ousted Prlnci Pelsal from Damascus and Gen. Gouraud proclaimed the state of Lebanon. north of Palestine, with Beirut as capital. Armenia, with no material aid from the Powers has been decreasing in size and population throughout the year, beset by L Itnssiuns on the- north and Turks on the south. Formal recognition was extended by the United Slates on April 24, following slm-liar slm-liar action by Great Britain and France. Persia has not yet ratified the treaty with Croat Britain. Bolsheviki invaded north-west north-west Persia by land and sea in May. and 1 he Persian Government appealed to the WM league for aid. British troops north of Teheran checked the advance of the Reds and barred the approach of the Turks on the west. In a sneecfa on December 15 Lloyd George informed the House of Commons that the Government had to tell Persia It could not reninin unless the Anglo-Persian treaty were ratified before next spring. China and Japan. Activities O: the military party in Pekln for direct negotiations with Japan for the return of Kiao-chou and her interests in Shantung led to the resignation of tho Chinese Foreign Minister. Lou Tseng-tsiaa and the Vice-Foreign Minister. Chen Lu, fol-lowed fol-lowed on March 2 by that of the Premier, Chin Yun-peng. The rebclllcn In the sou'n. which has lasted five years, continued. A Chinese provincial league was formed ln March to depose both the Canton and Pekln governments and again unite the country. Open hostilities broke out between the Anfuites and .tho Pekln authorities nnd there was a clash of forces at Kwanhun. south of the capital, on July 16. The Anfu forces were Anally defeated, and their com-mander. com-mander. Gen. Tuan Chi-Jui, resigned. Gen. Chin Yun-peng resumed his post of I Premier and Minister of War on August 1 1. Dr. W. W. Yen being Minl-ter of Foreign A consortium to lend China 250.000,000 to rehabilitate her finances and aid railroads was formed through the efforts of Thomas W. Lamont of N w York, Japan. Great Britain and France taking part. Dr. Wellington Koo, for nearly five years Chinese Minister to the United States, left on October 21 to take his place as China's representative in the assembly of th League of Nations. When the assembly H ami to elect the four minor members of the league council China was chosen to re-place re-place Greece. Japan suspended hostilities with tho Pol-Bheviki Pol-Bheviki of the so-called Verkhnc-Udinsk LM Soviet Republic of Siberia on July 15 and later occupied the northern half of the Island o Saghallen, after extending the Anglo-in Anglo-in " mother ye;ir Effort 10 Induce China lo move first in negotiations for the restoration of Kino-ehou, renewed several times .luring the year, failed. Troops withdrawn from Siberia were sent into Wheri ill efforts at Independence were repressed with a stern band. Mexico. ' Bohore, next to the largest state in Mexico, seceded on April 10 U-cause. the Federal Government threatened to send troops into 1 he state to put down a railroad strike al-though al-though Fedei-.ii aid had not been asked by the State authorities. Gov. De la Huerta was cilOS a head of the new Government Preti-di Preti-di w Carransa planned to attack the rebels on three sides by land and sen. State after Stale Joined the rebellion. Car-ranzA Car-ranzA troops deserting by wholesale. The President fled from the capital early in the morning of May 7 with three trains full of t'oops. He was beaded off and nearly sur- muled ln Tlaxcaki on May 12, but two days later mi ceeded In escaping with a small n tinue of about 150 men. tatting to the modA-tains modA-tains on the border of Vera Cruz State. On May 18 he intrusted himself to the ca.e of General Rodoifo fcerrera, ' Carranxieta, who escorted him through tb defiles. On May L0 the partv arrived at the hamlet of Tlax-Oalantongo, Tlax-Oalantongo, where they put up for Ihe night. At lour o'clock the next morning Carranza Bj The Congress chose Adolfo de la lluerta us Provisional President, and he was in-augurntcd in-augurntcd on June 1. Elections for the nw ongraa were set for Auguet 1 and for 1 i 1 ildont September Gen. Alvar Obre-gon. Obre-gon. who had been the soul of the revolu-tlon. revolu-tlon. was chosen President and showed 11 n earnest Intention to maintain friendly re la-wdh la-wdh the United States , Puncho Villa and tils tnndll followers "un- reuilered to tiie - ia Hucrtn Govvlnmcnt, received Qinhffdy .ind'-rnnts of lands. |