Show I I IThe M Music Mu us c Student Abroad G 1 I Closing r G Classical 1 Period c Peet Beethoven n 3 I Iet us give some ome attention to the dis dis- discussion I of oC the tha two broad brond distinctions of art anti music the tho classic md and the ther lie r romantic Tills This dl distinction as I now use ISO It doi do does not refer to plot or theme hut but rather to the tr treatment of the theme CIl Classical means formal ac according according according ac- ac cording cording- to set rules and mathematical cort t Moreover cr classical means a l work of 01 art ait or OJ a n piece of or mUsic that has been accepted b by both popular and und expert or 01 learned criticism as good and worth worthy of constant favor ta J. J For hor or orthis this reason that which ma may be deemed outside the th pale of classical perfection now may mar well become classic In another another an an- l an-l other othel century All of the masters who have ha struck out new nett- paths have ha been I I severely cri criticised cd b by their fellows I only to become become- the he gods o of a later generation On tho the other hand roman romantic tic music menns means music mushy that does not nut follow the beaten 1 classical path Music I that 1 15 subjective C colorful daring In Inform form Corm and above c all music that expresses the tho composer composer com com- poser rather than a school or a set form torm is 18 called romantic The Tho great reat cx- cx ex exponent x- x I of oC the German romantic I school is 18 of ot course the tremendous Wagner anor While the greatest example of Ir tho the classic classic nt at least In In the opera opera opera- Is 1 Mozart Beethoven en wan aM o on tho borderland bor bor- derland between these two With the coming and anti passing passim of Beethoven nc Bee Bee- tho cn goes gocs tho classical l period of operatic music In Germany Not Nol that Wagner net and Weber himself who himself who Is of romantic music mu mu- the of German sic sic does does not now partake a of the tho classical classiCal clas Nas- but that Is because time and anil lon long stud study great followings s an and wide acquaintance e hu has put nut the nc stamp of classical on tho the great works of o the Master r of Boyt cult If you wore wore- to ask me who loves CI Mozart Mo- Mo It best and who who- et loves Wagner ner best beat I should be obliged ed to tell you ou that this Is altogether ether a a. matter of temperament In hl delighted Those who love to linger wonder at tho the fool foot of a fl magnificent magnificent cathedral would love Mozart art those who revel In the wild charm of or a mountain gorge OI C and who w ho would turn away from I the formalism of r mans man's mans creations these thes would woul bathe In Wagner's Wagners as hai harmonies monies with intense delight But Hut Beethoven Beethoven- ho he appeals to both types of or mu music le lov lo- ors ers Beethoven the gloomy the sublime sublime sub mh- lime Hmo whose delicately wi wrought wrought ought ImaginatIon Imagination Imagination Imag Imag- was titanic In Its strength h and virility wins wits all to him It Is If of ot Beethoven's Beethoven's Bee Bee- would now tho ens one opera that 1 I write For ho wrote but one and yet et ct that ono comes near overtopping all others In perfection and 1111 majesty majest Beethoven n was as 8 devoted do to the as ascetic ascetic as- as and severe se In life liCe as he lie was In art In his wonderfully pathetic will which he ho wrote on the approach of oC his blindness ho he says to hl his brothers Recommend to your our children virtue it alone can bring happiness not mone money I speak from experience It was waR virtue which bore me mC up In time Um of oC trouble to her next to m my art 1 I owe OWA thanks thank for my not having laid violent hands on on myself Win n Beethoven was amazed to find rind that t his lils adored contemporary Mozart would compose music to such a theme as Don DonJuan Juan lie IIo felt that music was wag sacred In its appeal to the tho human heart and that an attempt to wed tved its Hs purity purit und and glory with tho the unclean plots and themes on which Mozart's operas were built as well as most of oC other operas was a debauchery of oC art such as would bring destruction both to composers land and to the Innocent public Beethoven longed to write an opera but could find tind no theme thome that appealed to his sensitive sun sen sHi e imagination Imag Whon his attention w was s called to the plot of Lenore nn un opera produced in Jenne in 1804 he heat heat heat at once chose this theme for his opera and he called it Leonore You remember remember re re- IC member that his overture Is called Leonoro Leonore No o. 3 i. The plot of oC the opera Is 18 simple but full of charm and dl dignity nit Florestan a Spanish nobleman has dared to criticise else cise Don Pizarro the governor go of or the tho state prison Pizarro the governor o thus becomes the violent enemy of the nobleman and seizes his victim on a n trumped up charge and reports him dead to the minister of Spain who le ft lea e a a. friend of or Florestan The act opens where the wife of the nobleman Florestan herself named Leonore comes in disguise at the end endt bf of t the second years year's Imprisonment to dh er cover for tor herself whether her husband husband husband hus hus- band be bo dead or not and to release him If alive or to perish with him if killed Her gentle and courteous treatment H of all ail in the tiie prison fortress endears tile the so called youth to the old jailor Rocco while It calls caUs out the misplaced love 10 of tho the jailors jailor's daughter Marcelline turnIng turnIng turning turn- turn I Ing the tho child from her clumsy clums sweet sweet- heart Leonore the disguised wife Is allowed al allowed al- al lowed b by tho the jailer to assist him In the caro taro of the prisoners but so far she has not found her husband In the crowd Finally she hears of or one ono who has been beon confined and now m nearly arh starved In the lowest dungeon who was a a. prisoner because of ot political activity This the tho fainting wife wite decides In is her own husband And tho the next act shows the entrance of oC the governor go Pizarro who has received word that the tho minister Is to visit tho the fortress Alarmed lest his treachery be discovered ered cred th the d l governor decides to kill Florestan and bids the old Jailer Rocco to perform the thc deed But the theold theold theold old man refuses and the governor KO decides to commit the tho murder him himself killing kUlins the jailer at the same samel sameI l I time Good Melodrama In tho the next scene wo we see sec the prisoner prisoner prisoner pris pris- oner chained starving and almost demen demented de de- de- de men merited tell now suffering torments o of visions of or his loved wife and homo home and I anon allon dazed and too weak to cr cry out I his woe Ills His wife wire still disguised as asa asa asa a bo boy recognizes her beloved bolo and min min- ministers to to his suffering with her own wine flask and the bit of oe crust she had concealed about abou t her The jailer Jalle has been told to open a disused cistern cis cis- cistern tern which labor Leonoro Leonore offered to I perform and which service was the ex excuse excuse excuse ex- ex exI I cuse which bi ought brought her to this Inner I Icell cell where lick her husband is concealed She assists in her appointed task but the old jailer jallel insists that he ho and Leonore Leonore Leonore Leo- Leo nore must depart when their task Is complete Now enters the governor and watchIng watching watch watch- I Ing his every eVer movement is tho the unhappy I py Leonore Leonoro who has concealed herself behind a stone stono pillar to remain In the I chamber of death The governor cannot cannot cannot can can- not refrain from shouting his own name to his enemy enem the prisoner to apprise him of or the murd murder r ho he has como come to perform As he stoops over the tho victim the wife springs from her concealment t and shouts In the assassins assassin's assassins assassin's assas- assas sins sin's ear ar This permits a a. and Leonoro Leonore holds a pistol at the gov gov- head and threatens to shoot if ho he moves 1110 an Inch At this moment the trumpeter stationed on the outer wall to announce the tho coming of the minister shrills out tho the warning call and In Instantly instantly In- In the soldiers file in Into to the prison pris pris- on to escort the governor go to meet his distinguished master and when the married lovers ers are aro left alone their re reunion reunion reunion re- re union is touching and convincing according according according ac ac- ac- ac cording to the musical expression given to It by the master Beethoven The closing scone represents the entrance of or tho the minister tho the discovery of oC Pizarro's Pizarro arros arro's treachery tho the releasing of oe the tho noble Florestan and his Jovel wife wire Leonore while whilo the tho wicked governor Is la taken talon away in Irons in quite quito the melodramatic melo mole dramatic fashion even now so dear to the h heart art o of a mere mortal The rhe music of oC this opera which so soI beautifully exalts the tho married love lovo of I two virtuous people Is conceded to be beas beas beas as exquisitely perfect as mortality can encompass The Time music is grand sublime sublime sub sub- I lime passionate deep and It app appeals als in common with the excellent libretto to the Inmost heart of ot the hearer Hud JId Many Inny Sketches I Beethoven had been living in rooms I I In the tho Vienno Vienne theatre before this work I was undertaken but when he decided to complete his opera he ho went Into the time country carrying however howe pages I I of or sketches for cor the opera sixteen staves on a page and among these theMo sketches I wore sixteen openings opening's for Cor Florestan's great r at air which might b bo said to be the I foundation motif of or tho the whole mu music music- lc- lc l drama It must be said that the music Of ot was a as new to singers and public as Strauss's Strauss was to the Berlin public of or ton ten years ears ago It was was- most abominably difficult as as over ever i Us i that of ot The subsequent revisions to which tho the master finally consented modified much of or this grandeur But nut the confusion of VIenna owing to tho the occupation on of ot that city b by bythe the French the tho time of this operas opera's premier completed the tho failure of or this marvelous work worl The rne master was as unhappy as his despondent nature permitted permitted per per- mUt d plunged Into the depths of at de despair do- do sp over the failure And I it was long before he would submit to the advice ad of ot his friends to shorten the time change the parts here and there and to make tho the singing parts arts possible With It all the fierce florce aria aria of oC Pizarro is Is still impossible of musical e expression b by nn any human voice that has yet at attempted attempted at- at tempted It its according to the best of critics crl tI The duet In the tho first act between and the tho jailers jailer's daughter Mar Mar- la It de delightfully simple simpie and full of charm the Interruption of their making love love by b a knocking at the time door is realistically reproduced in th time mu music mu- mu sic Tho Tile part four art choral which fol fol- 1 lows is wonderfully Intricate for Cor each cach I carrl carries i forward the fhe same sanle c an J. J j 1 theme thome built buill into I to canon form Corm but so jo y I devised hell that each character Is given gl full lull weight and purpose The orchestration orchestration orchestration orches orches- I Is particularly fine CIne breathing of ot Mozart in its simple purity purU Hard to Sing In the second act there Is a profound profoundly profoundly pro pro- found Impressive march which accompanies accompanies accompanies ac ac- companies tho the entrance of or the governor governor gover gover- nor Pizarro who announces the coining comIng coming com coin ing of his master to examine the fortress fort fort- ress lie IIo also publishes his determination tion to should shield himself against tho the re results results ro- ro suits of hl his seizure of or Florestan by his victim and tho the acme of oC despairing rage cane In this sublime air all is demoniac In its musical expression slon The fine tine orchestral effects which follow and accompany this description of or the prisoner b by the old jailer are aro moving mo indeed In their uncanny When hen the time distracted wife ife comes comes forward for for- or- or ward and announces her own resolve to achieve the thc rescue of or the tho doomed man manor manor manor or die with him the sentiment roused is profound In to Its Intensity This heroines heroine's part Is set for fot a heavy contralto contralto contralto con con- voice but hut lle Beethoven Introduced introduce ho no o much vivid Id coloratura Into that dramatic dramatic dra dra- matic music that It was then and re remains remains re- re mains maln today tollay the despair o of all such voices But It is a favorite a concert piece both In to Europe and in lri America but hut Is denuded of or its coloratura The famous Milder Milder-Hauptmann who created created cre cre- atoll the part of Leonore had Imad a voice according to Hu which was as big as us a house but she quarreled In Incessantly incessantly In- In with Beethoven on over this part both hoth at the Initial rehearsals and aft aCt The part was subsequently modified for her by b the master everything Everything every Every- thing Is marvelous mar In this scene of Leonor Leo- Leo nor nores One e famous amens critic in describing the musical expression of oC the dun dungeon pon environment environment en en- en- en of o Frole tan says says- It It Is a musical delineation of oC Florestan's surroundings sur sur- surroundings sufferings and mental an an- The darkness is rent lent b by shrieks of or pain harsh hollow and anti threatenIng threatening threaten threaten- ing iun sound the th kettle drums The Thc parting parting part part- ing of the time curtain discloses the prisoner prisoner pris pris- oner onel chained to his couch lie Flo declaims against the gloom the silence the deathly void surrounding him l but ut comforts comforts comforts com com- forts himself with tho the thought that his sufferings s are but the undeserved Ed punIshment punishment punishment pun pun- Inflicted by an enem enemy for rl righteous duty done Rushing on to conclusion the music grows brows In dramatic force oree and vigor vl or until the end Is reached with sonorous and magnificent sweep Thus ends this one only opera of oC the great master Deeth Bee Dee th then en It must be bo remembered that Beethoven's Beethoven's Bee Bee- glory glor does docs not rest alono alone In Inthis Inthis inthis this opera but consists In Ms his wonderful wonder wonder- ful rul range of or genius g his power to touch life and music at nt ever every point his hi poise his mastery master of oC each phase which he essayed essayed es es- es- es sayed saved to Illumine with wh his genius He lie was supreme towering In majestic suffering above e all his contemporaries and md his followers follo But his opera I H is yet ct one of the few which Is rarely performed per per- formed |