Show 0 i N 1 F g A q J K 1 7 A V az X salt merchant of morocco whose salt Is also AIM used for money prepared by the national geographic society Bo clety washington vashi naton D 01 0 abyssinia which has ETHIOPIA baloney hitherto got along without a money of its own Is taking steps toward establishing a currency and coinage system on a g gold 0 id basis host alost of tile citizens are now using tor for their purchases bars of salt rifle cartridges and even empty bottles and tin cans the money necessary in international ter dealings lias fins been furnished in limited supply by maria theresa Th thaders alers introduced a number ot of years ago from austria and by a small email amount of 0 paver paper money issued by a branch ot of the national bank of egypt established in addis ababa capital of ethiopia tills this bank Is to be purchased by the ethiopian government as a first step in its program to set up a currency and coinage system when ethiopia issues her first bank notes and certificates these bits of inked paper will represent the latest link in ili the very long chain of the evolution of money in earliest times man traded or bartered one product or for another but the need for a common denominator of value became apparent even with the first glimmerings glimme rings of civilization the skins skin s of animals served in tills this way when man was still a hunter white while shells became the first money of tribes livin living 9 dear the sea when man settled down and became an agriculturist or a herdsman groin grain and cottle cattle came into use as his Is measures of values the ox was ill big g money the sheep small change there were certain disadvantages in using live stock as money for one thing it might walk away in tile night for another it consumed much provender there were about very small change tor for the purchase of such edibles as kettles of fish and messes of pottage the human geography of the near east bast which had been pastoral about this time got an industrial urge A way had been found of extracting n metal from the earth of the island of cyprus handily set in the eastern mediterranean the romans later twisted the name of this island in such buch a way that the modern word copper was derived from it IL how copper became money copper pots began to appeal and like cattle were universally prized merchants would exchange whatever they lind had in their stalls tor for copper pots and the demand for them was more nearly universal than for any other object the copper pot was therefore money then into this region came one imbued aued with an all idea of importance instead of presenting pots tor for use in facilitating cili tating barter lie he would tender tile the copper of which they were made ite ile would offer it in a convenient form made up into a strip which lie he called no definite idea of its size survives but it was said that six made a handful the marked a great advance toward the use of coin the scene shifted to the west italy as it awoke from barbarism adopted a unit of copper as a measure of vale L it called the unit as a ilomin pound of 12 or ounces and it caroe came into general use copper served the purpose of money because of its intrinsic value the cs as had the value of a pound of copper human nature being the same then as now it soon came to pass that thai people made the as in a weight a little less than a pound and profited to the extent of the metal thus saved they learned to mix certain quantities of baser and cheaper metals with the copper and their currency deteriorated thus a step toward the development of actual money was forced on the nations governing powers found it necessary to step into the breach to test metals used ns as money to put their stamps guaranteeing quality and weight upon them and by this avenue copper coins arrived As the centuries passed in the mediterranean area copper became plentiful and its purchasing power decreased rome was getting much of 0 the earth of cyprus thus it developed that an average h of ancient rome going to market to buy for a feast dry day would need to pack it a donkey to bear the weight of the copper tor for his shopping tin the metal came to be too buthy bulky in proportion to Us its value yet it field its ita blare until another metal appeared that better served money purposes that metal was silver the map of the civilized world wits was expanding spain had begun to produce civilization moved westward and charlemagne established an empire of the french in the eighth century on a silver standard he eie formally decreed that the pound of sliver silver should be the basic measure of value and a continent accepted hla his edict so it happens that in france today tile the word argent means money although it its literal significance Is sliver saher money of england money history began to be written in another geographical area the english began to talk of the pound in designating a money unit this la Is the silver pound of charlemagne originally pennies were made from the pound of silver and although the pound sterling has become a measure of value and not of weight the relation to the old value standard continues pence to the pound sterling the english word shilling has a geographical origin that Is quite differ ent it was first used by the blonde barbarians of the north these warriors and their opponents were given to wearing earing rings and arm bands made 0 of f sliver silver or gold after battles the rings of the slain were highly prized by the victors and were gathered and properly distributed by an official who had charge of this division of spoils lie ile was known as the ring breaker and was as factually the first treasury official of I 1 these i ese northern noi thern tribes the rings were so made that they broke up into bits of a somewhat form size one fragment was called a 11 in the north it was an early form of money and from it came the shilling so dear to the eng lish heart today the world was vas short of actual mon e ey y from caesar to columbus there was little progress during that long S stretch and there appears to be some soundness in the theory that the ab sence of a circulating medium of c lent dent quantity to make development possible was in part tile the reason for the stagnation yet despite its sear scar city money events were tailing place about the map of europe and seem in retrospect to have been in prepare tion for tile the coming of better dais origin of the dollar toward tile the end cud of the time 0 of f short age there appeared in tile the interior of medieval europe an individual who was to write a chapter of money hla his tory that has copie come down strangely in to modern times and to give a new dew na tion of tile the west a currency unit that thai was as to have a profound effect this man made the first dollar in ill all the world and gave gae it a name which though the etymology Is not apparent at a glance becomes upon examination the ille lineal ancestor of 0 the word dollar the count of for or such was his title dwelt in st joachimsthal joachims dale a mining region of 0 bohemia the patron saint ot of tile the community was st joachim here the count of Sc lilick in 1510 1516 appropriated a sliver sah er mine As ills his retainers took out the precious metal the master laid his finger to his tern tem tile pie and considered the purpose to which he should put it ile he must have been a man of perception for he seemed to realize that he fie dwelt in a money hungry world find and that his sll sil ver would serve best it if made into coln cola at any rate he devised a new one till all his own on oa its face appeared a reproduction of st joachim and it 11 was named after that personage and the comin wilty which gave gae it birth it was the first dol lar now note tile the evolution of the word dollar from this its polysyllable an aestor when the found its way into medieval germany it was warmly welcomed A pruett cal people however soon tired of the length of its name and by a judicious dropping of syllables it became the thaler the word nord in that form still survives in germany wian the thaler passed I 1 into ato the netherlands its pronunciation was sonie somewhat what changed ther it was called the dater daler then it crosse crossed d to ang land where by use of the broad a daler became dollar dlila 11 under this modified name and geographically transplanted the of 0 the count of has grown and prospered |