Show i e d 0 M 0 MW 14 A V V 4 5 V it f 4 01 41 4 1 CIO 7 cnorr 4 ra 1 j X A 9 alz 7 17 A I 1 if N J A 7 ra 62 of COOKIS 4 by ELMO SCOTT WATSON RIEN D 0 or F THE WHITE MANI MAN ill that Is a fie which ling has been borne by many indians since it was first applied to old massasoit Massa sachem or of the protector lind and preserver of the little colony of pilgrims on the rocky shores of new englund england more than years ago it Is a name which lind various meanings depending upon the person who spoke it uttered with pride by a logan of the cayugan Cai Cay a Sh abbona of the potta or a washakie Wash akle of tile the shoshones Sho it meant that they were conscious of the esteen esteem I 1 in which they were held because of their friendliness to an allen alien race and because of their wisdom in recognizing tile the futility of resistance to the inevitable domination of this continent by the white man but spat from the contemptuous lips of a pontiac of the ottaway Ot tawas a satanta of the klowas or a red cloud or sitting gull bull of the sioux it had a very different meaning when they applied that term to one ODO of their tribesmen it carried the sting of denunciation as a renegade and traitor to the red race and it expresses epi esses their determination to go down fighting rather than to submit weakly to tile the dateo invaders As american Americ nn indian day la which Is celebrated on september 20 26 this year approaches it Is fitting to recall some of these friends tr linds of the white min mail who had a part in the building of this nation not the great chiefs such as those already mentioned who are comparatively well veil known hut but certain others who are more olis obscure curg to in do that I 1 li i to bring to light a little known chri chapter pter in ili the v lil history story of the united army and to record the services of indians who served as scouts with our troops against their own onn race in tile the innumerable indian wars with the rod red man indian scouts and guides have been used ns as individuals or groups by bv the white hite roan man also from tile the beginning of tile the settlement of north america aid of the tribes was sought for scouts scout gulde guld s end and allies by both the french and english in the long series of nf colo colonial nini wars which finally filially established english supremacy on tills this continent and both the british unit and americans used them during the revolution after the establishment of the republic millions indians were used by in our military forces in the various wars which pushed the frontier to tile the mississippi end and they proved invaluable as guides for the early curly explorers into the far west among tile the latter the outstanding name Is that of kowell the indian girl who led lewis and clark beyond the shining mountains to the western sen but according to researches made recently by historians of the war department it was not until after the civil war when alien the grilies of tile the great plains pining were making the last desperate stand of the ohp red man against the white that indians wei e regularly enlisted as a part of our wIlI military tary establishment the roost most famous of alie se friends of ill the white ninn man who took service serl ce with the army against their own race wits was tile the company of pawnee indian scouts organized in 1801 1804 by frank north tit at the suggest suggestion lon of general curtis for service against tile the sioux this group of IDO young loung paw nee warriors served with Ge general generillo connor in his ill fated expedition into the powder river and yellowstone yellow stone country in IMI und so strikingly proved their value during this campaign that in march 1607 general augur authorized the organization of a battalion of four companies of pawnee scouts with north in command i with the title rc rc courter conr Court ter eor 1 information sen I 1 of major one of the companies wits ft as commanded by capt luther IT north who still stil I 1 lives at jour bus neb from the day the scouts were e enrolled ra rolle until they were ft ere mustered out of 0 the service in december 1870 these indian auxiliaries render cu service of inestimable value in protecting the builders of the union pacific railroad from hostile indians in guiding various detachments of the army against the sioux and Chei ennes and in fighting brilliantly in every engagement in I 1 they participated the outbreak out bieak of the great sioux war in 1870 1876 emphasized the need for indian auxiliaries for our troops operating in the vast territory over which roamed the hostile sioux and Che ennes and it led later to nn an act of congress passed on august af 12 1870 authorizing indian scouts ns its a part of tile the regular army three expeditions were vere sent into the field early in 1870 one under gen george crook starting north from wyoming another under cen jolin john gibbon starting east cast from western montana and a third under gen A IT II terry terr starting west of of fort abraham lincoln N D at the beginning of tits his campaign crook had the services of several halfbreed half breed sioux as scouts and later lie wits was joined by a number of crows and unes who v ho were ft ere placed under the command of maj J M randall the leader of 0 the shoshones Sho was the famous old chief washakie Wash akle who despite ills his advanced years was in the thick of the fighting in several engagements ments gibbon also enlisted a number of crows who lio were placed under the conlinn command nd of charles 11 II bradley of the seventh infantry and some soma of them became famous for their part pait in the tragedy of the little big horn included in terrys terras command wits ft as tile the seventh cavelry headed by col george A ouster custer and during april and may some 53 war elors of the arleara Arll arii tribe commonly known as rees were enlisted as scouts and placed under the command of alet C A marrium and luther n R hare of tile the seventh these scouts were led by bloody knife n famous archara war bior who had served with custer during the yellow yellowstone stone expedition of 1873 and again in 1874 at the conference between gibbon terry rind and custer held nt at the mouth of tile the rosebud river just before custer started on of ills total fatal march south six of gibbons best crow scouts were ft ere attached tr to custers Ou they were vere curley curie white swan hatry moccasin li goes ahead white atte man runs him unit and unit half yellow raw face their lender they were enrolled nith the scouts under lieutenant varnum marrium um who directed their work through their halfbreed half breed interpreter mitch when hen on tune june 25 custer dIVIded ilits command to attack the big indian village which tits his scouts had ill discovered grov on the little big horn he hopt four of the crows crofts goes attend ahead halry hairy moccasin curley rind and white man runs huns allm with v ith him tim the other oilier two white swan and half yellow race face with bilth the art arl karas were ft ere attached to renos llenos command the part played placed by the crow scouts especially curley in the custer bittle battle lias has been tile the subject for so much dispute that it Is difficult to state positively just how much the four who went with custer saw of that part of the blittle bittle which liali resulted in the destruction destruct lart of the leader of the seventh and the troops with him the alip best evidence seems to Indi indicate pate that they were mere with him until a short shirt time after he be tame came into contact with uth tit tho ho hollies hostiles stiles and the first firing began then th through roligh mitch bouyer the interpreter lie told them that their work of guiding him to the hostile lios vill village tat was fias done that it was the business of ills soldiers to fight the sioux and unit that they ther were to go buck back to the pack train bouyer bouier stayed will custer and was hlll killed d when the ho hostiles host stiles lles overwhelmed that ce t ya j jy o part of the seventh a few minutes later of the scouts with reno half yellow race face and white swan appear to have had a hand in the fighting of that detachment since white swan was seriously wounded mounded bloody knife leader of the Arl karas was shot and instantly killed by renos side just as that officer led his battalion out of the timber to retreat to the bluffs across the river of the other Arl Ari karas it has been the fashion fasl ilou for or most historians to say in effect that tile the cowardly rees fled at the first fire prof 0 G libby of the university unav ersley of north dakota in his investigations among the surviving members me niber of this group made several years jears ago and pub dished by the north dakota historical under tha title of the coa co elusively refuted tills this slander on these indies anft allies and showed that they acted to in accor i 1 with custers orders which were of tha th samei nature as ills his directions to tile the crows vl alx til tv A their job was guiding and not fighting indian scouts were used effectively in the loric long series of wars with the apaches in tile the southwest in the eighties general crook who was a muster master hand tit nt dealing with the indians was espe epi dally successful in Fe curIng apaches to fight apaches three companies of apache scouts participated in the campaign in mexico and new mexico from june to november 1880 in 1883 an apache named itzoe was by a party of ftc soldiers who dubbed him Pea lilies elies because of ills his light complexion tin anil roy cheeks both unusual in tin an indian ezoe was sent to wilcox ariz where crook wits ft as organizing tits his expedition into mexico against Geron lino crook persuaded ded azoo to become n U scout for hlin him and lie he proved to be a faithful and valuable guide for or the expedition two other famous apache scouts were the apache kid who served as it a government cont against Geron geronemo in 1882 and mickey fred mickey who served as a scout and interpreter in n the campaign of 1885 tile the artiche kid later turned tu ca r td against ills his white employers employ eis carried on a lo lore wolf warfare throughout the southwest until be was killed by a white scout named I 1 dark clark one of the most famous of tit nil indian sc scouts 0 who have served the white men was a alowa named I deeo in I 1 see 0 O enlist d us as n R scout at fort sill olila okla where nt at tit thi time little was stationed hugh L scott of troop L of the seventh cavalry cn A vann bartil friendship which lasted a lifetime sprung sprang up between tile the indian awl and taeyoung the young and dining the ghost dance excitement of iscol 18 91 it was the influence of scott and I see 0 working together which prevented such an outbreak among the klowas 6 co Conia manches nitKa unit apaches its had taken place among the sioux I 1 see 0 seated as a scout ut tit nt fort sill until tile indian scouts were disbanded iq IH 1013 then facing poverty and want in hit his old age the scout went to washington to appeal to tile the great white father for old al ills old fr lend now general scott hott interceded intercedes Inter ceded for him rind and he was restored to the army roll with tit the per matront rating of sergeant A year or so an later inter bya by a special act of congress con giess the war department was empowered to retain tile lie old stout scout on th tile active rolls with the runic rank of sergeant so an long am af lie he should live so until the tha day of 0 ills death boath march 11 1029 I 1 see 0 wore thol the khaki of the th united states army and when he be died he ha was wa given the full honors of a military funeral G 1110 W |