Show ESSENTIAL ADJUNCT TO FRUIT GROWING 1 I 1 1 N 4 i i these apples were sprayed three times by WM VT STUART the codling moth which Is IB by tar far I 1 tho the worst apple pest may be quite effectively by thorough spraying with a ath some arsenical poison just after tho the blossoms blob soma tall fall of lead used at the rate of two pounds to fifty gallons of water is giving bet I 1 ter satisfaction than barig parig green be r cause ause it adheres better and does not injure the foliage the moths emerge early and the female soon begins to lay its eggs these are not as has been commonly supposed upon the fruit but largely on the under side of the leaves careful studies have shown that about nineteen twentieths ot of the eggs are deposited upon the leaves the balance being upon the bark and fruit the earliest deposited eggs hatch in about ten days while the later ones tako take only about half bait as long As soon as the tha larva hatches it begins to ml grate toward the fruit and having reached it usually enters at the point of least resistance which in its imma ture stage of development is through the opening A knowledge of the life history of this pest enables the to spray his trees in telli gently he knows that the tha weak point of 0 resistance is in the calix or blow end of the fruit here then is the point of attack it if be can fill the end of 0 each apple upon the tree with a poisonous spray tho the most of the larvae will be destroyed before they have an opportunity to gain ac cess to the interior structure of the apple hence he should spray within the first week or ten days after the blossoms fall or before the calyx closes up and the apple begins to point downward the nozzle used should throw the liquid with enough force to drive the spray liquid into the end of each apple one thorough spraying at this time has been found to give over oer 90 per cent of worm vorm free apples A second spra spraying jing three or to four ur weeks later is recommended the first priding ing for codling moth can be combined with ill the second tor for ap apple pie scab cab by adding the arsenical poison to the bordeaux mixture the cur curcillo cur eullo cullo and apple maggot are much ell more difficult pests to combat frequent and thorough sprayings spray ings hai demonstrated the possibility of very target largel controlling the injury caused by the apple and plum till age and sunlight are two effect effective ne aids in the suppression of the cur cullo is as Is also the destruction of all fallen ruit there Is no known remedy tor for flip apple maggot measures such as the det detraction ruction of all fallen fruit are the oab means of slon that can be empl employed oled of course good tillage and judicious pruning and spraying materially aid in lessening the injury to the fruit arsenical poisons are not effective 1 I the he suckling insects arp best corn core bated by with contact kerosene emulsion soap so lations or tobacco infusions tor for the ap I 1 I 1 tree sprayed select apples 2 barrels no 1 one barrel no 2 barrels pie leaf ilaf aphis the 1 aphis and the 0 ouster ster hell scale cale may be used I 1 lie ha latter should be altac d when the oung are moving moung about or have baie not is yet a beat covering cohering there is no ery cry effective remedy fur wood infesting in ts like the rouno headed apple tree borer the orchard may adopt certain krotec the measures such as exclusion or re the in dituro iture beetle may be prevented from depositing its eggs egge by wrapping the lower portion of the tree trunk truck with tar paper building paper or veneering in placing confidence in such i a preventive measure there Is alwag s danger that tho the beetle man mai find somo opening into which bhe can thrust thru it tier her eggs and before one realizes it tho the tree is infested with till borers ex elusion methods are arc c when they actually do exclude Repel lants are also preventives certain ill smelling or caustic corn pound being applied as a wash to a the trunks of tho the trees most alost ot of the tha washes are of an alkaline nature consisting of 0 soaps or idoa to which carbolic acid Is frequently added to give it an offensive odor many commercial washes have at various times been put on the market the use ot of which it was claimed would secure immunity from tho the borer in many cases these proprietary washes have been known to be harmful to the tha bark of the tree in some instance 3 tho the injury being so great as to kill the tha treo tree the safest and most effective method all things considered la Is that of going over the young orchard trees twice each season examining each tree carefully tor for the presence ot of borers when detected they should be at once removed with a sharp knife the process of digging out a first season borer Is a comparatively simple and easy process as they are just beneath the bark the second season however they begin to tunnel qa tree not sprayed select apples only five cider apples over four barrels deeper into the tree and by the thirell third season have haie penetrated almost it not quite to the heartwood to remove a second or third 3 ear car larva it Is necessary to make use of a stiff somewhat flexible tible wire after removing the tha castings from the tunnel opening tho the w wire ire is pushed upla upwards ards or downwards in the tunnel as the case may be until the borer la Is encountered in this way much cutting and consequent injury to the tree may be ba avoided |