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Show SAM1AT10N Tlie following story on sanitation was written for the public schools and is .being published by C. P. Ols'en, teacher: SANITATION (3y Helen Boyden.) It is important that we 'Understand disease germs so that we may know how to escape them. The human body is made up of a great number of cells which are so small that we cannot can-not see them without a microscope. They are so small that it would take r.bout 2500 of them to make a row an inch long. The skin, the muscles, the liver, the stomach, the brain, and all other parts of the body are built vp of these cells. It 's estimated that there are 400,000,000,000 cells in the' 'average human body. These cells are live; they must have food and oxy- en from the air. Germs are little one-celled plants and animalg in the water and soil hey are so small that the body of one if the plants or animals is composed 3f lust one little cell. The little one- 'elle'd plants are called bacteria, and he one-celled animals are called pro-ozoa. pro-ozoa. It is a common idea that .erms spring from unclean and decaying de-caying matter: this is not correct 3erms are often found in unclean natter, and it is dangerous to have uch matter about, because it fiurn-shes fiurn-shes a place where germs may mul-iply. mul-iply. Germs can no more originatf n such matter than a cow can come rom the grass of a pasture. Nearly :11 germs that attack us come from persons who are sick with germ dis-3ases, dis-3ases, The first rule for the prevention of Term diseases is "destroy the germs hat come from the bodies of the jick." The second rule is -"protect your-elf your-elf against biting insects, and guard he mouth and nose." The third rule is "keep the body in health, so that it will be able to kill disease germs." Nearly all germs that enter the body do so through wounds, or through the mouth or nose.. Mosquitos, flies, ticks, fleas, and bedbugs, pierce the skin and place ;erms directly in the weeunds they; make. Dangerous germs get into the body ;n spite of the greatest care that we nay take. All germs cause disease by producing produc-ing a substance from their bodie :alled toxin, which poisins the body. The body then defends itself by producing pro-ducing a substance called antltoxii (hat destroys the toxin. When the germicidal substance is strong it kills -he germs . We have certain diseases 5nly once because after recovery from hese diseases the germicidal substance sub-stance remains strong in the blood The germicidal substance should not be allowed to run low, for disease germs may be in the body waiting for a chance to grow, or may ge Into it at times unknown to us. Al cohol lessensi the power of the body !o kill germs. Bacteria is the smallest of all living liv-ing things. They multiply with as tonishing rapidity by simply pinchinf in two. The skin has two layers, the dermis and the epidermis. The hair stand, .n small pockets in the skin that are called follickcles. The sweat glands lie in the dermis and open on "the surface sur-face of the skin from below. Certain disease producing bacteria enter the body through the hair follickeles and sweat glands, through wounds o: from the bites of insects. The pus-forming bacteria ma grow in almost any part of the body. These bacteria cause imfiammatiou pus-forming, pimples, boils, carbuncles, carbun-cles, erysipelas, tonsilitis, appendici-citis, appendici-citis, blood poisoning, and many other oth-er diseases. Wounds should be cared for to prevent pus-forming germs from getting in them. The growth of pus-forming bacteria in the body is a sign that the body is weak and that the health needs attention. The Tetanus (Lockjaw) bacillus has its home in the soil and is commonly com-monly found about stables. It enters the body through wounds; usually it grows in deep wounds and in woundr that dirt gets into. The toxin of the tetanus germ is extremely powerful. An antitoxin for the prevention of tetanous is prepared from the blood of a horse, which is more useful in preventing the disease than curing it. All wounds that are especially lickely to bring on tetanus should be looked after by a physician. The air passages and lungs are favorable places' for the growth of disease germs. From one-third to one-fourth of all deaths in or coun- try are due to bacterial diseases nf these parts. The greatest protection against some respiratory diseases is a strong, healthy condition of the body. The germ of Diphtheria usually grows only in the body, but it may live for some time outside the body. It is contracted by coughing, sneezing, sneez-ing, laughing, and to a certain exlent by talking. It is often found in th throat long after the recovery of the patient, and is sometimes found in the throat of healthy persons. Everyone Every-one who is carrying had diph I heri.i germs should he quarantined if he is sick or well. Iu quarantining all diphtheria cases much can be accomplished ac-complished by this and other measures mea-sures for preventing the disease. The dipther'a ftcras produce a powerful toxin that poisons especially the cells of the nervous system, the kidneys, and the heart. By in.ierHnu ,linth-. ia germs into a horse, the blood of the horse bcomes a very strong antitoxin. anti-toxin. If this antitoxin is used when a prrson is attacked bv dinhthr'-i'i germs it s'.ivrs the bTiv from bein" "''""M. rientv of fresh air and ! "nrl'rht are important aides in the treit'imnt of the disease. Dogs rar- 1 ry diphtheria germs. I I'lieumouia causes more deaths in our rniint'v t h n n r'.nv ntli. disc-"-" event consumption. Tt runs a swift course and (Jeatlj is usually due to icx.ns that are carried oui of ti:3 luns hno other parts of the bodv by blood. The germs of pneumonia enter the body through the mouth or nose. We must keep up the germi-ciday germi-ciday substance to protect us from this disease. Fresh air is one of the greatest factors in building up the body resistance. Influenza is caused by a small ba-cillas ba-cillas that is passed from one person to another in ways that do not allow it to dry. Influenza is a serious disease dis-ease and should be avoided as much as possible. Whooping cough is a serious disease dis-ease and should be quarantined. Colds, catarrh, and bronchitis arc caused by germs growing in the ail passages and throat. Tuberculosis t-osts the United States 1 50,000 citizens each year. The tubercle germs attack any part 'if the body, but consumption is by far the worst form of the disease The germs enter the body through the nose and mouth. They are scat tered in many ways. A careleos con sumptive is to be feared, but a care "ul consumptive i not. dangero'tts. The tubercle bacilli that are often found in milk are dangerous to man Tn the early stages consumption i-curable. i-curable. Rest, food, and fresh air are very important in the trcatmen' of consumption. i peisun iroum :ng to a consumptive family should -.ake very good care to avoid th lerms and keep up his health. Tu 'lerculosis is an indoor disease. In ections in the open air very rarely, i' 3ver, take place. Direct sun rays luickly kills the tubercle bacilli. Dry lust containing tubercle bacilli reams re-ams its infectivity for a very lone time. House flies and other insects re a source of danger in tuberulosis Dogs, cats, and other domestic pelf, ire likewise a source of danger. The germs are in the air only when floating matter and dust is in the air Tubercle bacilli and the germs of smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, and sometimes diphtheria, pneumonia and catarrh are found in the dust. The. alimentary canal is a long, tube through the body. The germs f intestinal diseases enter the body through the mouth. All cases of v yphoid are caused by germs thai have come from the human body. The germs enter the body through he mouth, mostly in water. Pure lrinking water, proper disposal of ewage, destroying all wastes tha' contain typhoid germs and the re noval of all breeding places for flie- M-e great factors in the prevention of typhoid. Meat poisoning is due to barleno that that are found in the flesh of rlis eased animals or that cet into the neat by unclean handling. Cholera infantum is generally caused by germs in the milk. Nothing is more important in the nrevention of germ diseases thar, pre drink'ne water. Intestinal diseases dis-eases are spread through water. . Thr 'liseas germs in water come from the human body. To keep wells free prom germs, surface water and dirf from the platform must be kept ou them. Impure water should be boiled before drinking. Protozoa are abundant, in both fresh and salt water. Several pro t.ozoan diseases are contracted by in ;eets. The Malaria germ is one of i'" verv few that mv he killed with nedicine after entering the hocty The germ is carried by only one kirn1 jf mosquito. Yellow fever is contracted only b" the bite of a mosquito. Vaccination almost surely pro tects against smallpox. In vaccina tion a weak race of smallpox germ! from cattle is put into the body Then 'he body works ,'jp a germicidal sub stance to kill out these germs. The germicidal power rema-ins iu the Mood. Any danger there may be b vaccination is caused by bacteria get ting into the wound and not from fhe vaccination itsir. The dange' Tf transmitting smallpox by vaccina Mon is almost imaginary, never whe' It has been properly done. Rabies is probably caused by a pro t.ozoan which attacks especially tlr brain and spinal cord. Any wouik" made by the teeth of an animal should be disinfected. Chronic dysentry is a protozoa:' disease and usually is contracted h unclean water. The germs of man? . if these diseases are carried by in sects. Hookworms cause greet -.vaaknn?; and even death. The egg; -f Ihr hookworm develop in the s.vl a'vl the young worms get into the body either by passing througn tip' skip or by being swallowed. int.-sfin.'il r. onus weaken people .nid cause them to be easy victims to other diseases. Every year in every town a nuin ber of persons are attacked by dis ?a?e germs, in most cases they car be prevented. Physicians and health officers' can tell us how tc escape these diseases. Flies are very unclean and carr aimost any kind of diseas" germt Flies breed in manure and olliei waste matter. Fly screens and fl paper should be 'Used, but the bes a ay of lighting thniu is to remove al' breeding places. (Icrins gol into th, food from flies, dust, impure water, and from the bands of pcrnns win are carrying germs. Spoiled foods are until f"f use Foods that arc handled by the pub lie, or exposed to flics or dust shonl : not be purchased. Light, and drying kill rrrtus. Ib-a Is an excelent disinfectant. A sub stance which has a strong "dor i not always a cood disinfectant. Children should not be allowed t play in the soil for children mor-than mor-than older persons suffer from grrn. disease. Some rules, espc-ially for children for the prevention of germ diseases are - Do not spit unless in a spiitnon.- a piece of clot h . or a li and ken h ief ur r.i for that purpose alnr Ncvpr pit on the flnor or sidewalk. "i not put your ringers in your mc-itb. T'- not wet vour finrcrs in your Mioiitb when turning the pages of a book. Do not put your pencils in you,r mouth or wet them with your lips. Do not put money in your mouih. Do not put pins in your mouth. Do not put anything iu your mouth except food and drink. Do not put to your mouth apple tores, candy, chewing gum, half eaten food, whistles, or anything that some, one else has had in their mouth. Peel or wash all fruit before eating eat-ing it. Never sneeze or cough in anyones face. Turn your head to one side or hold a handkerchief before your mouth. Wash your hands before eating meals. Clean your teeth, if possible, after each meal: but at least ou getting up in the morning and on going to bed at night. Learn to love fresh air and learn to breath deeply and do it often. It would be a wonderful thing if Mount Pleasant would be able to say to all people. "The inhabitant-, of our city are never bothered willi flies. UK'f 'Uitof . fleas, ticks, and bed . hu"rn. They never are in danger of, lie'ng e''nosed to any disease whatever. what-ever. We ape all cnrpfnl hore.vand "lean, all people live here in safety." If the citizens of Mount Pleasant , v-ere able to say this TRUTllFn.LY Mount Pleasant would become a higher hig-her and better city before ninnv 'ears Our town can lie made this "ay if 'i'VKRVONK would inst eel busy killing all germs. Helen Boy-''eu, Boy-''eu, Seventh grade. Junior High. |