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Show I WM'klv IHVws I5viow Germany, Italy Dictate Terms Of Proposed Four-Power Pact ' ity Snsoph W. La !Jim - JTl AND TAiy GERMAN? A 1 '- - ENFORCE RENOUNCES ' k -t in ANn J-v FRIENDSHIP EUROPEAN r GERMANY AND - GRANTS v PACT ItRRIlORIAL J J? TALV SETTLE BLLIEREHT : """"l CLAIMS i N s HUNGARIAN. RIGHTS TO RNcf LS EUROPE LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR PEACE (See FOREIGN) Transportation In the opinion of three experts, American railroads have no right to cut 15 per cent from pay checks of 930.000 employees because: (1) it would be a stop-gap measure at best, only reducing the standard of living at a time when business in general is coming back; (2) the railroads' rail-roads' financial problem is still of short term aspect, having been critical crit-ical less than a year; (3) although railway wages have not fluctuated so badly as wages in other industries, indus-tries, they have not been advancing proportionately so fast as in other industries; (4) a flat 15 per cent wage cut would not be equitable, since smaller roads which are In worse shape would derive less benefit ben-efit than the larger, more prosperous lines. This was the gist of a 40,000-word opinion handed down by President Roosevelt's emergency fact-finding commission after three weeks of deliberation. de-liberation. Board members: Chief Justice Walter P. Stacy of the North Carolina Supreme court; Dean James M. Landis of Harvard law school, once chairman of the securities se-curities and exchange commission; Professor Harry A. Millis, University Univer-sity of Chicago economist and former for-mer member of the national labor relations board. Likelihood of enforcing the 15 per cent wage cut despite the commission's commis-sion's findings is considered small. But this does not lessen the plight of U. S. railroads, whose sorry condition condi-tion will probably receive attention from next winter's congress. Since t utilities are getting government aid under the guise of U. S. defense insurance in-surance (see below), moreover since the government plans to strengthen its defenses generally, railroad management man-agement will justify its request for federal aid on the same grounds. Already Al-ready suggested is a revolving government gov-ernment fund for purchase of new equipment, plus a federal appropriation appropria-tion to pay one-quarter of railroad maintenance costs during a five-year test period. Utilities New Deal dams and power plants have offered public utilities serious competition, forcing down their prices and creating an unfriendly breach between electricity executives execu-tives and the administration. One government power project not yet started is the St. Lawrence waterway, water-way, which President Roosevelt praised during September when the war scare first began. At that time, partly because he feared a lack of power reserve, partly because such a shortcoming might be good advertising ad-vertising for a St. Lawrence project, the President appointed a commission commis-sion under Louis Johnson, assistant secretary of war. When the-'commission reported recently, re-cently, it failed to mention St. Lawrence Law-rence waterway plans. But it made bigger and more puzzling news by drawing executives of 14 large utilities utili-ties to Washington and getting their promise to start expanding. If this was a peace gesture, it was overshadowed over-shadowed by explanations that utility util-ity expansion is an important step in the government's defense program pro-gram and a healthy move toward business recovery. The program: In 15 areas (all east of the Mississippi) utilities will spend an immediate $350,000,000, boosting it to $2,000,000,000 if power January, congress will also get A. F. of L.'s plea for nonconfirmation of President Roosevelt's appointment appoint-ment of Donald Wakefield Smith, NLRB member whom Federation-ists Federation-ists say is pro-C. I. O. International America's demand that Japan maintain China's "open door" trade policy is based on the nine-power pact signed by China, Japan, the U. S., Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Portugal. Por-tugal. Under this territorial integrity integri-ty agreement, Western powers have enjoyed profitable trade with Foreign The European domination won at Munich by Germany and Italy is but a prelude to Hitler-Mussolini plans for relegating France and Great Britain into second-rate status. sta-tus. Still to come is a four-power pact, but first must come the groundwork (See MAP) in which France and Britain are fattening themselves for the slaughter: ENGLAND sees growing resentment resent-ment toward Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who claims: "Our sole concern is to see that this country coun-try and her colonial communications are safe." But recalling successive British diplomatic defeats in Man-chukuo, Man-chukuo, Ethiopia, Spain, China, Austria Aus-tria and Czechoslovakia, Chamberlain's Chamber-lain's foes wonder what he means by "safety." The real Chamberlain policy is appeasement of dictators at any cost. Thus the prime minister min-ister has forced a 345-138 approval of his Italian friendship pact in the house of commons. Thus, too, he has dropped Britain's elaborate defensive de-fensive armament plan and urged the retirement of War Minister Leslie Les-lie Hore-Belisha. Once active in opposing op-posing Spain's civil war, Great Britain Brit-ain must now grant belligerent rights to both Loyalists and Rebels. Still unfulfilled are Hitler's demands for return of war-mandated colonies and a 3-1 air domination over Great Britain. Then he will be ready to make peace. FRANCE, now torn by financial distress resulting from feverish rearmament, re-armament, has welcomed Reichs-fuehrer Reichs-fuehrer Hitler's offer of a 10 or 25- V4 - It- "i t " 1 tinryrrWirVMfritinrt ffrTrr'i1firx- vftftllftfflifihfini1 SEIHIN IKEDA New sacrifices must be made. wealthy and populous China. The situation began changing in 1931 when Japan walked into Manchu-kuo, Manchu-kuo, and has become a greater threat to Western trade interests inter-ests since the Chinese war began. Today, with the richest part of China under Japanese control, Western powers have feared that nation might go the way of Manchukuo, becoming a Japanese protectorate entirely dominated by Japan. This fear has been justified by Japan's statement of policy in the Far East, interpreted in part as an answer to the U. S. "open door" demand. de-mand. Japan has announced she intends in-tends to create a political and economic eco-nomic union of her empire with China Chi-na and Manchukuo, which means that Western powers will be left on the outside. Since a foreign office spokesman has said no part of eastern east-ern Asia shall tie "westernized," British, French and U. S. concessions conces-sions in China are considered threatened. threat-ened. Part of the "new deal" for the year truce. This is more groundwork ground-work behind the eventual four-power pact. In return for German renunciation renun-ciation of territorial claims (in Europe) Eu-rope) against France, Paris would re-establish normal diplomatic relations re-lations with Italy (already accomplished) accom-plished) and actually turn away from the League of Nations to live at the mercy of dictators. Since France faces bankruptcy unless she can halt rearmament, any kind of peace is welcome. Still another sign of French capitulation is Premier Edouard Daladier'.s renunciation of Communist party support, a move which gains favor with Soviet-hating Nazi-Fascist states. ITALY AND GERMANY are now so sure of their positions that they find it unnecessary to ask British-French British-French advice on handling Czechoslovakia's Czecho-slovakia's minority problem. Although Al-though the treaty of Munich stipulated stipu-lated four-power action on Czech minority problems, Foreign Ministers Minis-ters Joachim von Ribbentrop and Count Galeazzo Ciano have just transferred a large part of Czechoslovakia Czecho-slovakia to Hungary. For Germany, recent weeks have opened a wedge permitting a successful economic "drive to the east." For Italy they have brought Franco-British recognition recog-nition of her Ethiopian conquest, placing Premier Mussolini's battle-won battle-won empire in good standing with Europe's highest diplomatic society. At best the highly touted four-power pact will be a mere formality. Labor Chief among objections to the national na-tional labor relations act are that it (1) makes the labor board prosecutor, prosecu-tor, judge and jury, and (2) permits employees, but not employers, to invoke its aid. Industry agrees generally gen-erally that NLRB is fundamentally sound if these abuses can be corrected. cor-rected. Industry claims further that NLRB was designed to cover abuses practiced only by a minority of employers, em-ployers, that it fails to recognize that the average employer is honest. Changes in the act have been endorsed en-dorsed by the American Federation of Labor, U. S. Chamber of Commerce Com-merce and National Manufacturers association. But when John Lewis' Committee for Industrial Organization Organiza-tion meets in Pittsburgh this month, NLRB will be defended against amendment proposals on the ground that changes would make the act impractical. Along with NLRB amendment proposals next SECRETARY JOHNSON The war department made peace. I consumption increases normally the next two years. Though generally regarded as an optimistic sign of recovery, utility expansion has been minimized in some quarters. The 1,000,000 new kilowatts in generating capacity is only a 3 per cent boost in U. S. power potentiality, considerably below the average increase in good years. War After a month of semi-isolation following the treaty of Munich Spain's civil war seems entirely apt to fizzle out before spring. While loyalist Spain suffers from hunger rebel Spain has a far worse ailment-defeatism. This results from Generalissimo Francisco Franco', attitude of stubbornness and the sudden sud-den discovery that rebel Spain is impotent when German and Italian aid is withdrawn. Although 70 000 rebels have been left dead on 'the banks of the Ebro in six unsuccessful unsuc-cessful offensives, General Franco will agree to no solution of the war ,f "conditional surrender of the loyalists. Meanwhile, League of Nations investigators have found hat 2,000,000 loyalists suffer from famine, that $12,000,000 worth of food must be delivered promptly to avert disaster. ' Far East includes a united front against Communism, which has become be-come popularized in China the past 10 years. In this respect, and in making a final withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japan has lined up definitely with the other two "have not" nations, Italy and Germany. Thus, more than a year after her undeclared war on China began, Japan Ja-pan has taken time out to tell the world why. But if Tokyo's' statement state-ment of future policy has given heart to war-weary Japs, they have also been confronted with the situation's situa-tion's realities. Seihin Ikeda, Harvard-educated minister of finance, has warned that new sacrifices must be made to complete China's conquest con-quest and rebuild that nation. Although Al-though Japan will make immediate and drastic slashes in her domestic domes-tic expenditures, the war budget will be hiked to push China's Generalissimo Generalis-simo Chiang Kai-shek out of the picture. pic-ture. Miscellany Italy justifies her African aggression aggres-sion by definition: "Roman war creates, cre-ates, barbaric war destroys. Fascism Fas-cism marches in the footsteps of Rome; its war will also be good war and will never serve but to make life fruitful, to increase it and sanctify it." |