| Show 7 epla 0 1 F I 1 wv 0 froan RAM a 0 pa VIP 3 I 1 I 1 A ay I 1 I 1 z aleal AFFI 21 F 4 0 0 0 a 0 0 00 a 0 le whito installment NT tr TEI the wars climax came in 1943 with the successful defense of 0 stalin grad the germans had by tills this time been dealt a crippling blow to their air force in africa russians rusi po pointed I 1 anted out scornfully that this african campaign involved few meria men however it required masses of highly complicated transport and machines furthermore the RAT and the eighth air force in england were by then pounding german industry and the germans had to strip the russian fr front 0 nt of Messer to defend th their air home factories so that tor for the first time the russians had superiority in the air lend lease including thousands of trucks was now pouring in the german lines of communication were perilously extended and for the first time it was possible tor for a russian army to move quickly out to envelop and cut off a german army as theirs had been enveloped so many times before dussias Rus sias factories behind the urals brals were working new ones were equipped with american machine HITLER FOUND THAT THE US ill A BIG NAT IGN WHO OWNS THE WORLDS KNOWN oil RESERVES EN 1 i RUSSIA TRAINS MORE DOCTORS jb f arti CE ME russia Is abig a big nation as hitler also found out tools 0 by Y ahe the sua summer of kouw uraj VS WV ICU fl aadu transportation wai was being supplied by american military trucks jeeps and other military motor vehicles she also had am american e rican tanks and tank destroyers and was using worth of machine tools a total of worth of lend lease aid at last dussias Rus sias crushing superiority in manpower could become effective but as the anglo american offensive opened in france the soviet g government over ran ent loyally kept her agreement made ma de at teheran to start a drive from the east to do this she was drafting tor for front line duty men who had already been discharged with wounds and others previously rejected for serious physical defects the dregs of any nations power but the soviet governa government ent kept faith one reason for the success of th the e R red e d army Is that the breach between its old line experienced officers fie era and the communist party is now completely healed originally the red army was bu burdened with a system of political commissars commissary commis sars whose duty it was to cowatch watch the officers and whose autho authority rity could tinder certain circumstances exceed that of the units regular commander the political commissars commissary commis sars have been absorbed in the army with regular military rank and duties political education continues but not to the neglect of military training membership in the communist party al always w ys carries heavy responsibility lity and this continues in the army P party arty members are supposed to set an example to the others not t 1 only I y in efficiency but in bravery under taller fire andas consequence the party has had more than its share of casualties its membership formerly was increased to but many of them have been killed but the party is strong in the army and a man who wishes to advance must usually loin T the he a amys achievements have given it a great pride in itself and bjorne some little contempt for the outside world moscow correspondents have a deep respect for the competence of its leadership and often when irritated by the stupidity ol of a russian civilian official they would remind each other that some of this was temporary as all the count rys really intelligent and relent men were tn in the red army the farmer lives ilves on a collective or state farm where he be does his bis share of the common work when the crop Is sold certain overhead expenses must be met there are substantial state taxes his collective probably owes money tor for farm implements and these installments must be paid the collective has probably pledged itself to buy a tank for or the red army taking these items together nine tenths ot of what it raises must be sold to the state at the low pegged official price but not all A small surplus ol of produce usually re remains miltis and this Is distributed among the farmers tree free either to eat it or bring it to town for sale in thi the free market at any price this Is also true of what each farmer raises in the small kitchen garden tract which Is allotted him it Is supposedly only large enough tor for his jam fam ilys needs but usually something Is left over in america commission men make the rounds of farm houses in trucks buying surplus vegetables for resale in town in the soviet union both the farmer and the commission man would get a five year I 1 sentence because that is exploitation to avoid this crime the soviet farmer must take time to hitch up and go to market where he sells personally what he raises and the hungry housewife may go by subway clear across moscow to find him the rouble per kilo prices I 1 translate into american dollars and cents per pound but remember that on this same basis our russian war worker gets a total of 20 a week at the binok she may buy eggs at 1310 a dozen she may buy as big a chunk of bread as she wants at the rate of 5 67 per pound mutton or perhaps goat a bargain at 1134 per pound more than halt half her weeks wages sugar beet at 80 cents a pound honey at 15 a pound an old lady Is selling a heal and its four knuckles at 18 tor for the c collection ol lection with the hair on and glassy eyes open attract attracting inga a few flies another wrinkled old lady Is selling a b bunch U of peonies asking and getting per flower A man is selling a crudely made mad e wooden coati hanger tor for 1 02 this sale Is legal in R russia because the seller whit I 1 tied it himself potatoes are 1 05 cents a pound ripe currants in a jelly glass at a dollar without the I 1 g glass as cheese for 6 8 a pound stockings slightly used and carefully mended cost 6 25 for the cotton ones and 25 for the rayon pair A man is selling his extra pair ot of shoes somewhat worn but look fairly stout tor for 1000 rou coubles roubles bles 80 in our 1 tor for our war worker abair A pair of new evening shoes would cost 33 here a girl Is selling a sweater since it is warm now and this is a real english camels hair or cashmere and any russian would call it a bargain at 58 56 still sig this Is june she could get much more next october but ashes hungry now however remember that these food prices listed above are exceptional our 80 a month soviet war worker has already bought with her ration book at the government con trolled strolled store about nine tenths of the food she uses and has paid only 6 50 per month for it at low pegged state prices the soviet governments problem was basically that of our own its people were getting high war wages but there was nothing to spend them on we solve it partly by taia taxation tion and partly by selling our people bonds so that after the war they might sell the bonds and buy merchandise at normal prices war bonds are sold in russia many even bear interest but a large proportion of soviet war financing consists of outright gifts solicited from individuals divi duals factories and co opera a tives either in cash or in kind also the government gets money by charging fantastic prices for luxuries in state owned stor stores esthus thus putting part of the war on a solid pay as you go basis which would delight a 8 V vermont ermont republican russians are skeptical about bonds because a man who owns one has purchasing power the state cant control his whims constitute a danger to the state bc economy onomy lie he may take a notion to buy before the government is 1 ready diady to sell he may prefer a radio instead of a wooden table and create a sudden shortage in radios I 1 while dependent on state wages he Is on a hand band to mouth basis and his purchasing power can bo be controlled troll ed he will get a radio only when they are ready to make radios and the first sets will go to those whom the government thinks most deserve them if he owns abond a bond or has hoarded his high wartime wages the whole carefully planned economy Is threatened the soviet government has met this peril most ingeniously in april of 1944 it reopened commercial stores in them the government sells you almost any luxury in food or clothing at prices about equal with those in the free market and without ration coupons in american terms the soviet government runs its own black market as a state enterprise to skim from its workers the bulk of their war wages when peace comes they hope to have most of the workers savings in the hands of the government without obligation to repay him as 88 our government mus must t redeem its war bonds and he be will be back on a hand to mouth basis dependent on his government controlled salary in america a man who saves money Is regarded as a sound and valuable citizen in russia he hels Is viewed with suspicion as a hoarder i a potential capitalist to be watched for or the criminal tendency of exploiting his fellow workers worker a by giving them jobs into one of these government owned commercial stores steps our 20 a week soviet war worker without her ration book this black market Is imperfectly perfectly legal the government makes the prost not some racketeer the cheapest grade of baloney sells tor for 1320 13 20 per pound or boiled ham at 2646 26 46 per pound or bacon at 2457 24 57 per pound A dressed chicken at only 1320 13 20 per pound beet beef about the grade america uses tor for soup meat Is 1362 13 62 per pound mutton 1320 and pickled herring 1320 13 20 per pound luxuries too it if she plans to have a few friends in for a snack there is sliced cooked sturgeon at 1320 per pound black caviar at 1973 per pound almond meats the same i land and also hazel nuts for an from fram really eggs never burein sure to the free market at only 1 25 per egg and a pint of nice fresh thick cream tor for 8 swiss cheese at 20 per pound outside this store a long line stretches around the block shabby war workers eager to pay these prices inside there Is another long line to the cashiers desk it takes the better part of a day to get in buy uy a few items and get out age again in this is one of only twenty commercial stores in moscow the government has already tried patriotic appeal countless drives urging factories and collective farms to buy tanks and planes for the red army but this was not enough there remains considerable money now in the hands of the farmers who have been selling food at the fa fantastic n tas free market prices for go some M e true time I 1 and have been paying fantastic prices tor for secondhand second hand clothing the government opened a chain of clothing stores exactly like its commercial food stores where new stout warm clothes including many luxury items are on sale at black market prices thus it takes from selling food in the free marketto market to city workers the people do not fiot protest the government err anent taking over the functions of the illegal black market they seem glad tobay to buy these things and count the new shops among the other blessings of this society some effort is made to present the merchandise attractively just as our post office would prefer to put out pretty stamps but it greatly matter any more than kansas pa particularly cares whether its auto license tags are prettier or ea easier to screw on than those of nel neighboring gh oklahoma the architect who drew the plans for dreary workers apartment had to please not the people who I 1 live in it nor the promoter owners who hoped to keep it rented but the government officials who approved 0 ved his draw drawings lais the tenants live liv e there not because they like its facade or its plumbing but because it belongs to the factory where they work or because they lack the ne necessary prestige or pol political lUcal cone connections ons to wangle more square meters of living space in a better one under our way 0 of doing doing things a man who saves money instead of spending pending it to have a good time perr per I 1 X y it t Russia Rus sias 1 wheat fields saved t that L country forms a useful act for ou of such savings our factories are built and our farms improved these socialists can argue that when saving and spending are left up to the individual they can get ou out t of control and wreck a nations business structure panicky saving can stop au all business activity and throw millions out of work they can argue that the greatest waste of 01 capitalism is not the money we spend feeding the unemployed but the valuable man hours of work which our nation loses when these millions are either idle or when they are employed by the state in ways which do not compete with vate business TO BE CONTINUED |
