Show ah YU of dav it N 41 V q 0 V kv J e Y Z AV WN r 4 I 1 1 1 croatian man and wife in na natlis tive costume prepared Prep arcil by the national geographic society washington D 0 dissolving parliament and BY naming himself dictator king alexander of yugoslavia has made its ills country one of tile the centers of world political interest the step was gas taken largely because bof of the unrest among the lie cr choats croats 0 ats one of the important racial groups of tile the country it Is known officially lally as the kingdom of tit alie serba bronts croats and slovenes venes the th 0 croats choats are displeased with tile the present makeup make up of their country bitterly resenting the arrangements whereby the serbs gerbs tire are the dominant element yugoslavia Is made up territorially lct of old serbia in the southeast bobula bosnia and hertze ovina and dalmatia Dal matla in tilt the central west montenegro in fit the lie south and croatia and slavo Slav slavonia onla in tile the north and northwest added tu to these regions in the north are arc vinall small areas that were formerly fonn cily parts of austria and hungary proper belgrade the capital of old serbia Is also the capital of the enlarged state of yugoslavia it was frevalt inevitable that there should be an Import important mit city on the site elte of belgrade Belgra dp it Is situated on the angle of land between tie save and danube at the meeting point of those two important rivers at the very apex apes of the triangle I 1 Is n R chalk cliff some feet ills high rills 3 became a fortress and citadel as early as the third century B C when cel tic tribes established belgraden Bel grades predecessor de cessor the town of through the centuries that have passed since tills rock has played no an important part in european affairs it was was held successively by celts belts fans hurls huns goths goehs bulgarians Bulga rians ayzan tines hungarians Hung arians serbians Serb Ser ians blans and aus tir lans one of 4 the most important of its holders was the turks from 1521 1 until little more than half a century ago it was in turkish hands except for short periods and was Is lains northernmost arrow aimed at tile heart of christendom the turkish garrison finally withdrew in when serbia became practically independent belgrade belgra de the white city belgrade Is sometimes known know by tile lie older form the name moans means white cat city an appropriate name the observer feels when he sees the cliff of the citadel and sundry white towers and walls even in the days when belgraden Bel grades streets were narrow dirty oriental ways the alie view lew from across the danube or from its waters was a charming one the afie aspect of the city has changed greatly in recent years and it has little 11 tie now to distinguish it from other E european ur capitals since the world war there ther e lias hilr been a marked building boom stimulated in part by laws holding new dwellings tax free for 25 years and other new structures for shorter terms the population of the cu pital drawn from a much greater area titan than that hat of prewar serbia has practically doubled d being now about XO As another element in the yugo picture it Is interesting to con consider zagreb the capt capital fil of croatia it was known as agiato A gram when alien the Hops Haps burga burgs claimed it it it lies alca in one of natures garden spots among the foothills foothill of the agram at its back door rise peaks of varying heights while to tile south the file city overlooks a broad fertile plain where for centuries the have titled tilled their well kept highly productive farms farm and tended their vineyards even the rall railroad road approach to tilt the city Is attractive instead of tle the usual unsightly railroad yards of ninny cities Za grebs right of way wenyi Is bordered by the botanical nl girdens 7 and numerous parks parji s and from ilip station to the center of the city one ine passes ses n series of parks for sevc rill blocks which on a small benle calc tilt the arill of washington Washing toll de DC Mete pot of i the abe jelacie arg or ar great squire A n block beyond the head of alte he way might amigh he called calk d he file fiield melting jl a 1 pol pill ot of and efel intia it Is adorned with a stattie or it sef le lelache lelac lacle lc croatian Cro atias amsl famous enius liero hero of the croatian revolution ol of 1848 on market days looks down upon a mass of humanity urban suburban and rural the ar an ray of produce mid and wares ware Is colorful but not nearly so colorful na as tile the pea ants in bright native costumes at noon the market closes unsold mer merchandise chandise chan dIso la Is quickly pat lied and tho the peasants begin a round of fun until evening when they return to the 1 r rural homes some go to the coffee shops where iho walte walto tables are arc ns as spotless na as the dresses and trousers of their patrons bolher go to tho the ninus amusement ement park to eat drink slog sing and dance running east and west from the square Is the allea Za grebs main it Is the shopping district industrial district and promenade tile the palace of justice the picture gullery gallery library theaters the museum se um and other important buli jinga border it nearly it a thousand years ngo zagreb was divided into upper towi and lower town with tre the allea as tile the dividing line frequently the two sections came to blows the university with more than stu i dents is in the old town while tho i zagreb cathedral a beautiful century gothic structure Is s about wo we blocks from the arg in the up upper per town parts of the croatian landsen landscape pe outside the towns still disclose watch towers with their wooden clappers chappers cl appers arid and beacon lights the frontier radio alarm of the days when the tur turks hs were always coming coining one still eeb sees in rural regions ruins of the great communal apartments of the middle ages houses where the state bedroom was set aside for a house father elected each year and where rambling tiers of rooms were added as children grew up tip and married the tha military frontier these house communities art an em tem t nin eints ts of the military frontier civilization a civilization that grew out of the area nearly as extensive as that of massachusetts which was set aside and colonized as a protection from moslem raids it was founded in tile the sixteenth century reorganized by maria theresa and survived tn in a modified form until 1873 the military frontier may have originated with the usko ks who figure both in serbian and croatian history the Lys holca or refugees were driven by the turks from besnia bosnia and her ego and after various movements established themselves thams tham elvea selves lit at along the coast of croatia emperor ferdinand offered them a recompense to stay there and old aid tn in holding back the Alos moslems lenim various communities of tills this kind were subsidized py by tile the government on condition that every man between eighteen years spars arid and sixty should he on call at tiny any time for military duties As in early american communities which feared indian raids each of the groups built sturdy stockades lands were held field and cultivated to in common and their production was waa distributed equally ily among 11 families many abany of the large communal houses had a common kitchen li serving erving several hundred persons it was outside these houses that torches were placed on high poles so that thia the news of di danger literally new flew like fire when invasion threatened life was dangerous then in croatia and it Is liva 1110 today thit b ut the women must haxe have had find sewing circles in those old coni communal houses for the croatian peasants have evolved a costume which Is considered dered one of the most colorful and beautiful in all eu en rope they nave only coarse cloth and coarser thread which by infinite stitching bing they combine into beautiful designs and color combinations tin tile hnud Is more fertile around zagreb arid and which also goes by the ilie of nod war abdin than elsewhere the latter fritter town has about people who live ny their trade in timber fault wine cn lind pottery ten miles cities gouth of are the sulphur baths oi 01 c blid baths velch till th lf romans nans knew is vr 4 fi |