Show THE NEW TURKEY inn Y 44 0 ae till ta 41 N woman nomad of southern anatolia prepared by national society washington D C scalo WINEY the former sick man ton TURKEY of europe has taken a new lease on life in asia there on the bleak windswept anatolian plateau the erstwhile ottoman empire has set about the task of building up a new state and a new soda social order onier looking to the west for a pattern progress Is slow in some gome phases of its development for the anatolian peasant Is fundamentally a conserva cons ervn live of conservatives and has proved acquiescent tather rather than enthusiastic in accepting reforms however more change probably has come into his life during the last decade than in any century that has gone before lie ile no longer owes allegiance to a sultan of the house of osman but serves the turkish republic by government order he wear a fez any more not that there was anything economically unsound about a tex fez but because UK the leaders who ordained its departure were keen psychologists cholo ests and realized that their countrymen could not compete as well with representatives of the western world while they wore a headgear that set them off as distinctly different in accord with another official promulgation mul gation a latin alphabet has replaced the beautiful but cumbersome arabic script every one set about learning this new method of written expression only a very small percentage of the population could rend read or write the difu cult arabic characters and even these found the alphabet a handicap in commercial dealings with foreigners when the turkish republic came into being in 1923 it took over an empty treasury turkey Is no not t lacking in natural resources however copper sliver silver zinc chrome ore manganese meerschaum borax emery some coal and a little iron make up its mineral treasure chest there are also approximately acres of timberland and a considerable amount of water power only about 2 per cent of the population Is engaged in manufacturing perhaps the most important articles produced are carpets the weaving I 1 and coloring of which require some degree of skill fig packing plants ginner les ies textile and sugar mills also assume prominent places in the nations rather meager industrial life Ana anatolia tolle mostly agricultural A vast majority of the people of anatolia have always derived a from the soil or from their flocks but the methods used are only lust just beginning to develop past the primitive many peasants still break the ground tor for planting with flint tipped wooden plows drown drawn by oxen oven or buffalo or perhaps if there are no arvall able by daughter or wife il however 0 wever steel plows are beginning to make their appearance here and there and near the coast cities tractors are coming into use eleven years of almost constant warfare immediately preceded the establishment of the republic and culminated in n decisive over the greeks at the river in august 1021 and a heroic p of the medieval citadel of gaal caal antea near the syrian frontier tills this of conflict lert left turkey sadly deni cited of farm animals seeds and implements as well as aba bodied manpower man power put hut these anatolian peasant are a tenacious race and at the disbanding banding of the armies back to their des despoiled polled farms they went those who were physically ablo and with such equipment as could be scraped to together ether be gan gain again a to cultivate the soil there was no mori mor mori I for farm mi chinery grain was thrashed by the method of rolling it out under a heavy log set with sharp stones and was converted into flour between two heavy stones manipulated by the women of the farm honse household hold now the new government la Is operating ag agricultural rl schools which teach the advantages van inges that accrue from the use of modern farm machinery among amon the more important crips raised are cereals figs olives fruits for drying tobacco and cotton smyrna figs and tobacco have ion been famous in the markets of the world and of recent years cotton brool the region about adana has begun to attract international attention there are about sheep in turkey and nearly as many goats the former yield a rather coarse wool aich Is admirably suited to carpet manufacture the hair of the goats boats many of which are of 0 the angora variety supplies the material for the manufacture of mohair savage dogs their throats protected from wolves by heavy spiked collars guard the flocks and some shepherds would almost rather lose a child than one of these watchdogs watch dogs women are conservative although official freedom has come to the anatolian peasant women they have not experienced practical emancipation to the same degree as their city sisters they cling to their veils resent the government goern go eminent ment liquor stores are shocked by the semi nudities of the tha new periodicals see in the motor car a terror to their beasts and dread the railways for whose coming the men are eager they do much of the hard work about the farms and in addition spin out the wool which their sheep give and weave it to make clothes for all the family the ottoman turks first appeared in their present homeland early in the thirteenth century when a few thousand of them driven from central asia by mongol invasion settled near the present ankara sixty eight years later the osman dynasty established itself and eventually conquered a large territory extending into europe and africa as well as aasi asia through the succeeding centuries unsuccessful wars followed the earlier victorious campaigns with the result that the tar far flung empire was reduced to the limits of the present republic r but in some respects the shrinking process was a disguised blessing for it eliminated many of turkeys poly got racial problems there are still within the country minority groups of ar medians men ians arabs kurds burds and but with the possible exception of the kurds burds who are fairly numerous and intensely nationalistic these people do not present grave difficulties the Tur komans who live near the western borders are a nomadic people and subsist almost entirely on their flocks ten years ago there were approximately greeks living flying tn in anatolia and eastern thrace but those who survived the war of 1910 22 were removed to greece in exchange for about turks living flying there turkeys only large city Is istanbul constantinople and since it has been shorn of its importance as the seat of government many of its palaces are empty and in disrepair and the bazaars while still wonderful have not the variety of attractions for which they once were noted the only feature which has not changed is the matchless beauty of the golden norn and the as their blue waters reflect mosque and minaret and crumbling fortress tower ankara full of energy ankara awkward adolescent throbs with energy call the now new turkish capital angora an go ra and you relate it to angora cats and angora goats call it ankara as the turks do and its name suggests the anchor paradoxical emblem of an inland city which marked its ancient coins between the railway and the city what was a malarial swamp has become a sports field resort of fashion on the main street up which big bi buses climb to a shoulder of citadel till are crowded schools near the museum happily conceived and magnificently placed Is an equestrian statue of the first and present president of the republic mustafa kernal rasha pasha confidently scanning the west anatolia still colors the life of its capital shirled peasants throng the market place flocks of turkeys wander about fattening themselves for sale carts with solid wooden wheals and drawn by sluggish water buffaloes poke solemn fun at the speed suggestive red helmet and arm band of BO an ultramodern ultra modern traffic policeman lam izmir smyrna adana konya and nursa are other important cities the last named Is it veritable dream city charmingly located on the gorg forge me rashed gashed lap of the maslan olympus not far inland from the sea of Mar marmora moris many elements in bursa life make it a potential center of difficulties in the new turkish republic it owed much of the prosperity that made it a beautiful city to greeks armenians Armen ians and protestant christians who were engaged there in slik silk manufacture b before the world war one of the republics largest cities find and long a capital and cultural center under the afelt osman dynasty bursa hits has at times felt slighted blighted by the republican |