Show T h mud t A JIM A 41 L jofs AA 01 fad M BA I 1 dial k at ar 11 A P ilia 7 aua jt 4 11 H twentieth century lum ber jack Is pretty much the same kj kind nil of man that he was thirty or forty years ago when logging was mas at its zenith Us he Is the same stalwart powerful I 1 masterful man of the woods there la Is this difference fe rbuce ho however never he lives and under infinitely better conditions that than the old timers thirty years ago the logging camps were built of logs the buildings were not much better than barns today there tire are tome lome log camps built but roost most of them are frame buildings tiled with tar paper they are comfortable in summer and winter in the lite model camps of michigan for instance the buildings are lighted with i electric light there are bath rooms moms and aery man has fins a comfortable bed instead of bunks filled with will pine boughs or hay years ago the lumbermen men applied efficiency methods to the science of lumbering and they so saw W their best beat men would not slow up it if they got the best possible brebt at a night 1 g ht the wen ire are also furnished wit with 11 books oad and current maga magazines their meals are prepared by cooks who know their business of a sufficient variety to tempt even the discriminating appetite of the th city dweller the juka jacks of michigan are picked men they form a most efficient body of workers or kers for no man gets a chance unless he has proven in the hardest possible school his ability to get CO minutes Ini of toll into an hour to stand great extremes extreme of temperature pera ture and to master the science of falling trees so they hey will not damage other trees block roads crush bark or shoot down mountain aides ile he roust must have good health be able to live at peace with forty or more other i huskies bu and be able and w NIl billing tiling nilling to find his place in the woods on dark winter mornings when the ther thermometer morue Is down to 30 degrees below zero ro the man A antio ho bears the proud name of hick looks with scora upon the clumsy foreign laborers who follow him la in the woods and cut out the small filial paper wood left after he be has disposed dig of the hemlock birch maple beech and poplar trees the woods wooda hunky flunky has been surveyed tile hick does not need a survey because he be gets the pay be demands does the work expected of jilin gets the best of food wears high priced woolens the year ye ir round wears slices shoes which aich never cost less thun than 10 u pair and can get a job la in any lumber camp in the united states for the askitis aski tig the lumber camp Is a busy ono and interesting teres te resting place three times a day summer and winter the tuen men are called at five in thu thil morning at aso 50 0 they hey have breakfast break fost a bumping meal prepared by chief cook and assistants at six the men inen start for their places in a the working like mild until the dinner gong sounds at 1130 for dinner they get an the bumber jacks then eating gretat quast titles of meat they ulle nt ill work again at 1230 quitting at at dinner time in heavy bulked calked boots tattered slacks or sweaters of the lie loggers pile in from tho the woods red faced eager hungry es as wolves from work la in the crisp mountain air they sling allo their legs under antler the tables now watch cut cm contel Flun klest and flunk they call em Flunk lp white swift footed ed never at rustling rust lini food for or tile the god roli godi i grent great bowls of 0 fragrant cerise colored soup made loada from tile the oka okanogan nogan tomato salmon fresh froni from the seal eb liely 1 big lil roasts of nt beet and pork succulent ond and shining with crackling potatoes fresh beans corn on nn the cob fiorot fir rot in buttell sabias crisp antol and green steaming kettles of coffeo coffee and teft tea pudding of every description pies doughnuts kwa i ne to pub tries crackers and cheese I 1 and the whole was wolfed wilfed in ten tea minutes I 1 talking Is a crime luring during meals 1 like whistling in church no wonder I 1 tt sat there dumbfounded apart from the colorful scene the races and types of tile men apart from the staggering size of this feast there wag as the excellent cooking I 1 salmon cutlets of a perfection which bleh never before had bad bewitched my palate I 1 I 1 had barely finished the fourth of such blessings when the boggett began to get up and go the average camp Is composed of 40 men no more men being taken in ili than the beds will accommodate nc during the afternoon the cook usually prepares a bushel or more of doughnuts for the jacks these disappear at supper after supper the lumber jacks hove have a jolly time telling stories of the chase of the high spots they have hit when spending road takes makes of movies they have seen been in the cities of fights they have waged u aged anil a nil of thrilling experiences they have undergone in hi their work A lumber camp to Is no place for a troublesome man or for a man who bo Is not tin n the square the jacks are great rent smokers they get their supplies at the company store practically at cost many of the lumber jacks read for they are 0 re intelligent men from among whom the future jobbers and bosses duit cowe come cards are not played for the bosses want ant as little fighting as the dining room Is ili ballo hallowed ned ground in fit a lumber camp no jak jails being allowed to pass the threshold or of the dining room door until the rook cook gives the word the I 1 largo argol comiti common oll room in front of the dining room to 1 the winter whiter club of the men tills this they occupy until nine line when they s go to bed mule cutting methods have changed in the awls atoo 48 in the past thirty or forty years it Is interesting to note two of mhd of band tools the wedge edge and tile the ax arc am still lending leading defees in the lum bermans art it Is true rue that the crosscut cross cut saw caw has bus taken alien over ver the duties of the im ax but nevertheless the latter Is quite us as tiec sunry essary at it ever was there tire are two methods of telling trees with the ax alone or alth alli t the he a ux and crosscut cross cut saw dalven machines for felling trees have deeo invented but the trouble ile ills in ti then to tile hie spot duliere abe stork ork Is to be done through ih heavy or fur for a long distance over uneven ground on the other hand the or as and crosscut cross cut chit saw van call go I 1 the inen go there Js 1 no wore more interesting operation in ili the woods moods than alian the telling felling of a tree by expert lumber jacks if tile the tree la Is to lie felled with the crosscut cross cut saw the first s tep step to la to cu cut t u notch with the ax on that side of the tree tre looking in the direction in which it to 1 desired to love have it fall this notch Is wedge shaped the under surface being horizontal and the upper at an angle of 43 45 degrees this notch serves two purposes it directs the fall of tree and also prevents prevent bad splitting of the bole after the notch has been made tb taft cutting with the saw Is started on them the opposite side of the tree and a few inches higher than the horizontal surface of the notch soon the saw kaw has burled buried itself in the tree then the wedges come into use they are driven into the cut back of the saw thus preventing the weight of the tree from falling on the saw raw and also helping to direct the fall usually the tree begins to fall just before the cut from the saw has met the notch on the opposite side bide and while part of the bole la Is still intact when this point Is reached the jacks who are doing the felling are on the alert since lt it is necessary tor for them to stay long enough to mate make certain that the tree will fall and at the samo same time allow themselves it a few seco seconds nils in which to make their getaway with the saw the hemlock cutters go in pairs A team Is composed of a tp udder and a fitter the latter notching the tree to be felled when the tree la is felled the peals the bark from the s stump tu m P while the fitter filter with his ax rings the tree cutting clean grooves around the trunk aery three feet or 0 so in order that the may peel off the bark baric with his bis spud an instrument ment something like a cuban machete after the tree bus been stripped the two men cut it into 10 foot logs after tile the peeling the teamsters teamster teams tery ip grub arhe the logs out of the woods wood to tiie the skid ways where here two expert skidders will waltin ting on the specially built billt lumber railroads load the logs on the curs cars the jocks jacks take their hand at building railroads through the foresta its as well us cutting roads tor for the teamsters clear the roads roada and the wily way to tile the logs as they ile he in the woods unskilled teamsters would kill a pair of horses in three oliree months skilled men can kerp keep their horses in for years the michigan woodsman woodsmen woods men wort work practically tic lilly nil all the year round few of the lumber J jacan are married but till usually illy marry when they become becom botka s they tire lira generous to a fault and blow vies when they get the niler vander lust fust they tilt lit from camp to comp they may be in ili michigan today and on the way to wisconsin minnesota or west virginia tomorrow they take particular deIn bli owing the mountain mountaineers eera of virginia north carolina and see gee how bow to ork nork und how to fi ight I 1 L |