Show ee e c jl e 0 L YOUNG CHINAS CHINA'S PROBLEM EMI I Many Park City people had tie the pleasure of ot meeting Mr and Mrs J. J G G. who were vere here from Ci Ina on a two weeks week's visit with their brother and sister Dr and Mrs 1 V. W. J. J Bardsley Mr Wording Gjording is Superintendent of ol Lust East China Union mission and because because be be- cause of the interest the gentleman created among among those of ot our citizens citizen's t to t whom he talked regarding that country The Record asked the gen gentleman gan- gan Uman to write a story for our read irb touching on the customs and d do- do of Its people pe and the Work v of the missions which he The gentleman complied compiled with the request and the following interest- interest rh Lb and md e article was given The Record for tor publication Only a few years ago Chinas China's Great Wall and her policy of exclusiveness ene s fonI formed ed the central theme of most books bools and treatises written al about ou China This ancient structure dating to the second century before before be be- fore Christ has long been regarded as truly symbolical of of China ChIna of of tho the x that k kept kept t out friend and foe alike But Dut that Is the China of yesterday y the China of today and tomorrow Young China is different Progressiveness In thought and action ac ac- ac- ac lon tion young China is better typified by the soldiers soldiers' she sent to tor France to serve as as' labor battalions in dim the world war The new order has brought with It problems peculiar to the new day To 10 understand these It will be necessary necessary essary for foe us to glance briefly briefly- at Chinas China's position in the world and at athI ti 1 past history Let us look first at ather ather ather her position on the map China is the very heart of Asia With her dependences dependencies dences she has an aggregate area of ot over mer four tour million Killion square miles mUes almost almost al- al most a a. million more than titan continental tal al United States Surrounding China we find Russia In Asia Japan with v Korea orell now her new province of ot Chosen the U. U S. S In the Philippines Philip Philip- Philippines pines France in Indo China Annam 44 I F Siam Piam the Nether Netherlands ands In the East East I Indies and Great Britain in Malay Malay- Em sin and India China Indeed Is at the ery fiery heart of ot the tle Orient While the territory of China equals not more than one third of ot continental Africa the population of China equals that at of f North and South America Africa Australia Norway New w Zealand Portugal and Mada- Mada Oue One person out qt of Mada-I Mada every I four in all the world Is a Chinese When we consider how limited have been boen Chinas China's industries as well as ns her methods of agriculture It is i i marvelous that her vast population t 1 has a b been en able to secure a living from I thE tho soil during these thousands of ot I i years jeara tarri For Por China is' is not only vast in lu amen aiea al tU and population she h i one ne of ot I Itile I I tile thi most ancient of nations One has 1 I i but to call to mind the Dow Dow- Dow I I tiger eger and nud think ot or that beautiful pea pea- w c ck throne upon which I she sat sat and there conies comes before the minds mind's eye I I n. n mental picture of the remarkable history of cf China An empire since the I Ia's I days clays as a's of Abraham she was consider consider- i ea u unchangeable decadent back j backward back back- t ward ard and a ne negligible force in the thew I w l c rId I I The true virility of at that nation ard her new attitude toward the the I world came to light In 1911 when I the explosion of ot a bomb In the city I of precipitated the outbreak ol or tto Revolution r Chinas China's Revolution I ton tion wag ai swift and spectacular and 1 Ir lasted ted only four months The Imperial Imper ial troops were well trained by for- for officers but their opponents opponents' fought f for far freedom and this as in I our own Revolutionary war more than offset po poor r equipment and lack of f training and the Empire fell The announcement of the election ejection of Dr Sun un Yat Sen as Provisional president dl dent nt of the Republic of China cd Od the world China the oldest and most unchangeable of ot Empires hart had t become a Republic almost over night It was too rapid raold and mighty a change for forthe the tha world to gra grasp p. p street I et r celebrations were held and the In ln- m I I i i I t I i I I 1 I i I I I I i I I 1 C. C t Hable paper lanterns were strung strung g across the streets as If by magic ot of ottI tI thousands of the new now five barred flags fagS i of f the Republic The colors are crimson yellow blue white and 1 representing the five races Mongol Chinese Manchu 1 and Tibetan which go to make up China Tic Tle 11 celebrations were not limited to toI the port cities but were held far in intend In- In tend l rd as well Unfortunately these c did not net end the matter Young China which little boys at play pley might aught typify for uc us has bas found that the political revolution has by no mj means solved all his 1115 problems ItI It Ii I Lr bas s indeed brought him a measure of political freedom but to make that freedom secure he must revolutionize revolution revolution- l Ize his life lICe also along many other lines We Ve may speak therefore not noti lof i of Chinas China's Revolution but o ot of Chinas China's 1 political resolutions political industrial social social so so- cial CHIl educational and ami religious Chinas China's p political r revolution v futon may be over o but these other revolutions are ara still II I In progress and they carr carry wl with h them grave problems oJ It Is our purpose to study t these ese r rc r and their attendant problems problems pro pro- and tl try at the same Um time to Fed fru what factors enter as M causes and andas as solutions In In each eh t case e we wi wH wUl first glance briefly at the old order ot of things We shall examine e ely especially especial ly y the relation of ot Christian Missions to the solution of Young Chinas China's problems It must be understood that each fEch problem is related relater to the others and that they can not be wholly 1 Let us glance first at the Industrial which young China faces methods the of production on farms as well as in the factories factorIes' are arc still Though China Is one oneo oneo o o 0 the oldest agricultural countries rIE hit hes developed no better device fur 1 than the primitive hand chain pump Only the fact that soil soU tilt climate allow the production of ot twp two or or three and in to some sections sections' Continued on Page Two f i Young Chinas China's s i Problem t. t t Continued From ra Page Face e One live or six crops annually makes 1 It possible for China to feed her ber mil mn- lions Once produced the food is prepared prepared pre pre- pared for market by the crudest de de- vices Their threshing is done b by beating the grain over a number o of wooden o den slats the fanning by throwing throwIng throw throw- ing tug the grain and chaff in the alland all air and letting the wind do the rest the hulling is done by a measure mea men measure sure of rice in a steel bowl with t a heavy maul The annual production of or rice in China is million bushels bushels bus bun hels heir and It Is all planted transplanted transplanted transplanted trans trans- planted irrigated harvested threshed thresh thresh- ed and hulled by human labor without without without with with- out machinery more up-to-date up than the He above described threshing ma ma- chine Chinas China's methods of transportation transportation transportation tation are also primitive Until very verj recently the coolie was the principle means of conveyance so it is easy to tc believe that many of Chinas China's famines have been due more to a lack of facilities facilities fa fad ditties for distribution than to lack lach of production throughout the coun coun- try Marketing methods have not nol been far in advance of production and ad transportation In general each individual marketed whatever he pro pro- educed The Chinese have known nothing of our modern salesmanship and systems of distribution Transportation Transportation Trans Trans- of persons is still primitive arid and use is made made- largely of man pow pow- er The wheelbarrow seda chair and have bave been the main re re- liance Ilance Aside from their discomforts forts these modes of travel greatly hinder Inter communication China Is now ow slowly replacing these methods with all modern conveniences that western c knows Shanghai and other cities are quite modern and and for far distance transportation the lines of steam railroads are rapidly being c extended tEnded despite the superstitious opposition which the first promoters promoter ha had lota to meet China already has an extensive system considering the short time since the first railroad was built and has a still more extensive extensive ex ex- ex- ex system projected for develop develop- ment The building of these roads will wiil do much to change Industrial conditions in China There Is la no reason rea rea- son for Cor China to continue backward Industrially She has immense resources re red sources million acres of arable s soil 11 COO billion tons of ot anthracite enormous deposits of at iron ore are and large ge deposits of copper These have scarcely been touched fear of C disturbing dIsturbing disturbing dis dIs- evil spirits In tn the past prevented pre pre- pre pre- vented ventea their development but now they are rapidly being opened and andare andare andare are speeding up Chinas China's industrial revolution lon The Hanyan Iron Works Work is an example example example ex ex- ex- ex ample of Chinas China's new industry It Il fethe is fe the tho Pittsburgh of China A Chinese enterprise located at five hundred miles inland by Chinese business men and financed with Chinese capital This Thie plant is equipped wH with modern machinery am and manufactures annually thousands o of tons of oC steel rails for the Chinese Chines railroads and for exportation Chinnow China Chin now row uses modern machinery in mills mill for the manufacture of oC cotton silk wool glass soap paper and flour The Increasing use of machinery enables en- en en en- ables China to produce larger quan quan- titles ot of all aU commodities but will with this larger production introduces introduced la labor la-i la bor bof problems we cannot here discus discuss them in detail but let us remember that Chinas China's factories are not Controlled ton eon trolled by child chUd labor laws taws and tha that children and women as well as men vork ark long hours dally under terrIble conditions for pitifully small wages Here Is rIa an opportunity for ChrIstian missions to help with tho the solution o of ono great groat problem If It we now glance at Chinas China's soda social revolution we see lee changes quite a as striking as 88 those made by the Industrial Industrial Industrial Indus Indus- trial revolution These soda social changes can very well be Illustrate Illustrated by the changes in the medical prat lice tlC started by Christian Missions The Chinese doctor used needles am and pegging awls for the cure of all sort sorts of ot ailments aliments We see them being applied ap ap- plied piled to the various limbs of the suf suC- fering These old methods ot of treat treating treatIng ing ing- In disease and also those of th the Chinese druggists prescribe pulverized tiger data snake make skins nod and even live frogs as well as other unmentionable concoctions are slowly slowly slowly slow slow- ly passing away To shake popular fulth In the old methods and practitioners practitioners has not been nearly so cull cult as is Young Chinas China's problem o 01 of training an adequate force of compe compe- competent tent Chinese physicians ChrIstian h hospitals have gone far toward helpIng help help- lug Ing to bring about the use of modern methods In medicine The number oi of doctors trained Is not so important atthe ac at the contribution of Christian principles ples lles and ethics these medical colleges college have added to the medical profession In III China The hospitals have also alse a distinct contribution to tc Chinas China's emancipation In the traInIng training train traIn- ing of women nurses hundreds hundreds are arc tr trained annually according to our sl standards Another aspect of the social revolution revolution revo revo- lution is the new treatment of prison prIson- ers era Modern prisons may now be beI I seen been in all the large centers In these prisons China is applying the results of modern sociological research to the tusk of making real men of ot her pris One of the most distressing problems of Chinas China's social revolution revolution revolution tion is that of opium After having successfully abolished It for a time foreign competition has gradually induced China to resume the planting plantIng plant- plant in Ing and use of opium Determined are arc being made by certain powerful foreign Interests to substitute substitute tute the use of liquor and 1104 tobacco for the opium throughout the pro pro- vinces Among the most widely advertised advertised ad ad- commodities sIn In China today are aro Japanese beer and American cig cig- ettes The objective of the tobacco I co interests would seem to be be a cigarette cig- cig i arette in the mouth of every man woman and child in China Millions I o of packages of cigarettes have been given away in the effort to capture I for tobacco the place formerly held beld I b by opium I No study of the changes in China is 11 complete without emphasis upon the great change in the position of w wr men Confucianism teaches that women are as as different from menas menas men menas as earth is from heaven Consequently Conse Conse- women in old China were not educated and were practically domestic slaves In striking contrast contrast contrast con con- Is the new educated women In young China China has always reverenced referenced education yet largely because be be- because cause her system of ot written character charac charac- I be-I ter vas was so extremely complicated orly between five and ten per cent of her men and far Car fewer of f her women women wo- wo men Dien can read Shopkeepers generally general general- ly know only the few characters absolutely absolutely ab ab- ab- ab required In their business The old education was confined to the classics and the writings of oC Con Con- furious those who completed the course of study and passed the required required required re re- examinations became government govern govern- government ment employees Chinese education of If the old school ds still typified by remnants of oC the old examination hall such lIuch as may yet be seen in In this one city there were thirty thousand housand cells In each of which a aman aman man was locked during the time of ot the examination lie He stayed In there without communication with any anyone one until such time as he had completed com corn plated the examination which sometimes sometimes some- some times limes required three or days Young China has adopted our western system of education as the standard and these cells are no longer long long- er required and are like everything pertaining to the old order of things milling fouling Into decay The Republic in hying to develop our system of ot education education ed ell- Is severely handicapped by hy bythe bythe the lack of ot teachers It is estimated I that China has not less than seventy two million children of oC school age Dut all the schools of China combined ed government el private and maslon ms- ms slon have sinn have an enrollment of ot oily oly about four million The remaining sixty eight million are entirely without with with- out rUL school advantages The mission program for tor |