Show 1 r and if a L B 1 I 0 rb I 1 linb align iria W 4 POULTRY FOR WINTER 1 1 Z CW I 1 YM years I 1 A talk al about alit it inter laars alvid lask i 1 i lait to the theOtta ottawa cia iiii eap exp I 1 1111 cIt 1 liln tas ays tho tc ot the past four winters I 1 va ali it tap ali breads which aich are often v pa ii wi 1 to 14 lc ni t unsuited un cited to cold ch cli I 1 it 4 it I 1 the it act it is is often told by i iipp crien nt or the prejudiced that N f N I 1 ls 9 with large combs aro are not suited fr ivi liter laa ia 1 5 because ix cause their combs i v MH ill fevze fu ze ifancy if in v ono one wish wishes to make r u fl fam III ia winter eggs he lie must III ael p ill ins i 11 r where v liere their combs I 1 vil sill elzo 1 intelligence must be eer exer t el in tha tre willient of winter lasers layers ile anle in e as in tho the winter care of ather it ock lit of the hens hen with w iti the large combs such a ss as Leg leggions lions almorean Al and lio tatter winter layers lav ers or hardier fowls A cabbe can be had than th in til the white eWhite leghorns Leg Legli horns orns the AndaIn ana and Min orcas are also it excellent lavers layers but require to bo be k j ic K ive i c as do ill all the spanish clas class pill utia rocks and Wan Wyan dottes are am v 11 kiin known winter laes layers Al embers of t i altric Alt i itic tic faintly viz brahman Brah mas buff k ilens Ill ns ind and Lang langehans Laii shana shans require to be h it in ailed 3 ut cay early ln in the season to make f 1 I h liters they tiley require to be skill I 1 I 1 i h 3 dining during the close conr confine coi fine ine of tei to prevent pi event them becom ng to t 0 fit fat A farmer will not make a mi till like take bv by choosing ins his winter lavers layers fi fl 11 I 1 the lie leghorns Leg horns plymouth rocks or s the Wyan dottes perhaps come as nearly filling the bill ai as pos tibie hav little or no comb and aro are go g J d layers lam rs tho the did not seem a t bland 11 1 the confinement to winter in yi ii lit i a as well as other breeds the fail n nin classification may serve e as a guetle ui ie in making a choice from the best kilo io n breeds arvd with large combs leghorns Leg horns ain ic is black spanish B 3 CI ced with ith small co lo 10 1 bs wyan V an dotti brahma Brah nuis cochins cochin adans B U col cn with ith medium size combs pi pl 11 nth rocks lail hans i ins 1311 U ed il with ith rose combs leghorns Leg horns lionis iian 1 n gs redcaps Red caps white dorkings wi lc on the subject of winter layma 9 it ma m n be stated that the layers do better aheu B in n they can enjoy as much freedom as 03 r bulc many blany farmers have then their pou itra houses so situated that with ery very att littia trouble or expense they can so arl tana u is as to allow their fowl access to a it him barn beable or tl shed where gia i i 0 f 1 sand coal ashes or other sub st 11 is may ma be found for the hens liens to ci it ii in pow fowls Is so PO situated are not lik I 1 to give trouble in the way of eat in i 1 or feathers or laving laying eggs with s t shells sonio ilay questions abat i it Is the shrinkage la in the weight of bay it n i ore ro profitable to sell directly from the 0 1 1 it SI 1 I i or after lying in the th emoth three tt u t from 1 to 18 V X liia ha lii a wo say two tons per acre 10 lo do we n ni an as it comes from tho lot or after geason season PW 1 y in the stack or mow the tho foregoing questions were an w pak red not it 1 ag ago in in the rural new yorker A M lagrange Lag said 1 I prefer to sell 4 hay h ly after ter it has boen been in tho the barn as then there cre is more timo to handle it in iny div opinion it shrinks very little until cold w eather weather A yield 5 beld of two tons to the acre means oneff one of seasoned ha hay from th the mow I 1 have pressed hay over years ears and I 1 find that to take the chaff ch iff out us as much as possible and keep it at al home for the cows and sheep pas me better ix taci than to put it in the bale as aa the consumers do not want it for their dovw I 1 label my hay and sell it a little above the market price D C lewis said it would be more profitable profit ablo to sell bay hay directly from the nod field at twelve dollars per ton than to 1 keep k p it and shrinkage and handling we say BUY two tona tons per acre acro we mean hu hay taken from tho mow for market it donld w donld be better or at least as good to sell hay from tho the mow immediately after the tile sweating process at twelve dollars as to sell it tho the next winter at fifteen dollars charles chapman replied As neaily nearly as I 1 can tell in hay cut before it is in ill full blossom the shrinkage shrink age has been about one sixth from this I 1 allow that it would be moro more profitable to sell di from front the held field at twelve dollars pei per ton than ahree months afterward at fifteen dollars doll ire as fifty cents per ton would not pay for the extra handling of the ha hay after after allowing for shrinkage at eighteen dollars per ton the case would be reversed as I 1 could hand handle le the hay and stand the shrinkage for six dollars when I 1 gay say two tons per acre I 1 mean as it comes from the mow after lonmo aning w artificial oneca bearing ahil A I 1 W tafts espre expresses himself thus in be e agriculturist I 1 if f I 1 allow my bees to fallow nature or their instinct I 1 should have very few bees left and should have to go to the woods for honey hone I 1 much prefer to real all my queens by bv the artificial method then I 1 know exactly the ped pedigree igrec and can control the line of der descent cent of hei her royal highness the queen if I 1 cannot of her consort the dione drone I 1 have byer colonies and of that number only three come up to the standard from which I 1 would like to rear my mv queens I 1 rear about a year eai to lequyen int m apiary as 1 abnot ao not find that it pays to I 1 keep queens over the second winter as they rear too many inan drones and I 1 do not I 1 think that they winter as well as beca from vigorous young queens if I 1 attempt to r icar ar all those queens during the swarming period I 1 should have baa e to keep nuclei instead of thirty cis 19 I 1 do now those three bom which I 1 wish to rear cast no swarms sw arms this season so thoi e ditre no cells from them by the natural I 1 method ethod la I 1 fand find by experience expel bence that queens leared reared by byllie the artificial or forced method the best and most satisfactory r suits in queen bees and honey and anti c con dollars and cents commercial fertilizers I 1 their ingredients for particular crop crops ond anti banner manner of applying App lyl them usually fertilizers contain two or alf alk of the tile essential ingredients viz nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash but sometimes only one plain eu I 1 Per phosphates contain only phosphoric acid ammoniated Ammonia ted super phosphates coi co i tain nitrogen and phosphoric acid adne contains and ia Is valuable for both nitro itro gen and phosphoric acid salts are valuable for their ll potash out A complete coin pleto fertilizer is one ono containing us ll 11 pias choric acid and nd 1 n u T tio V a c asni in soils noru no rule locan can bo given bychich by which to tell what fertil fertilizer i zer is best for any particular crop and this question must be de aided by actual trials systematically and c carefully aro fully made some such trials oro are being made at tho the experiment stations and any farmer who desires to do so can compare the effect of single and complete fertilizers by making trials on his own land in regard to the manner of applying fertilizers says director II 11 A scovell of tho tile kentucky station it is generally best to sow broadcast or drill and work well into tho the soil before planting when a small quantity of bertt fertilizer I 1 izer is applied to each hill ur or row at p planting I 1 time it acts mainly as a stimulant to produce an all early and vigorous start which is considered necessary for the tobacco crop but often renders it more sensitive to drought in ili any case care should be taken take to mix tho tile fertilizer with the soil so that it will not como come in contact with the seeds or plants moet most fertilizers and especially those containing much nitrogen soluble phosphoric acid or potash will injure or destroy young plant I 1 if brought directly in contact with them the of good cheese in tho the making of cheese the first thing necessary js is good clean milk free from animal taint and barti barnyard yard odors it is impossible to make a fine clean flavored cheese chem from impure tainted milk the first thing after tho the milk is placed in the vat is to gradually heat it up to a it temperature pera ture of 80 begs fahr the heating is accompanied by careful stirring in order that it may be uniform all through and also to keep tile fat evenly distributed through the tile gnass when this point is reached the milk should be carefully examined to determine its condition as to ripeness this may be determined ter mined by the expert maker by the sense of smell but very much the be best st way is by the use of what is termed the rennet test for this each person can is fix a rule for himself and note the tile time it takes a given quantity of milk mill to thicken wit I 1 tho the use of a certain amount of rennet extract the rule used by a large number of cheese makers is eleven ounces of milk in which is put one cubic centimeter of rennet extract with this rul rule e when the milk is of a proper degree of ripeness it should begin to thicken in about two minutes this test is bounded ou ll 11 ded on the well known fact that with the beginning of tho the development of abidi in tho the milk tho the activity of the tile rennet is increased rural new yorker trees there are two schools of opposite extremes in regard to pruning one inot to neglect to cut and slash on evet v y occasion to use their own motto motto whenever the pruning knife is sharp and the other would not cut at all but I 1 leave eapp everything to nature meehan illustrated monthly says that in the management of an apple orchard arup ing is essential all the weak shoots those which seem to suffer from over bearing or from any other cause which are not as healthy as others should be carefully cut out every year and moreover wherever the branches are likely to bo be thick and struggle with each other for light they should also be thinned A perfectly healthy apple tree should 1 aw alx lx so managed with withro tho pruning knife that every branch should have a fair cha chance nep to havo have its leaves fairly well exposed 6 i tho the light A largo quantity of halt shaded and half starved loaves leaves on oil a 1 tree is not nearly as beneficial as when the tree lias has a it chance for tho the full development of every leaf and aliat v hat latrue of A the apple orchard is true in the main of all other trees in the hands of the cultivator when we como come to forestry cul turo it is impossible to do without pruning if we would have first fret class timber spraying aurin during 1892 tho tile experience of 1893 1892 emphasizes the necessity of spraying for fruit berries and even vegetables spraying is as imperative pera tive as good and good cultivation ti says the philadelphia farm journal w xv ich gives these figurea figures adur during 1693 sulphate of copper bluestone bloes tono could be bought in philadelphia for 4 41 11 cents a pound carbonate of copper 50 cents a pound ammonia ammo nii 10 cents a pound flowers of sulphur 5 cents a pound ii liver ver of sul sulphur chur 20 cents a pound paris green 15 aj cents a pound aej and white hellebore liell ebore 20 cents a pound under doit these heso quotations for stil sulphate phate of copper carbonate of copper and am ammonia molli it ia is easy to calculate the respective cost t of boy boyteaux borde deaux aus mixture and nl carbonate of copper tho two leading fungicides in ili general use the former would cost about three quarters of a cent per gallon and the latter about one ozie cent per gallon they aro fire supposed to be about equally effective but the latte does not spot the fruit or foliage fol lago farin items S D willard reminds readers that young joung tree heavily with stable manure arc aru inclined to grow wood rather than fruit they will not come into bearing as soon as those not so treated good comb honey will be scarce even california fails to roll in her usual supply to the tile eastern market from nearly all sections comes the mournful de declaration clarn it has been a poor year in a corn husking contest in australia the winner husked ears in 29 20 minutes and 10 lo seconds the dairy school of the georgia experiment peri ment station is i reported to bo be a tu bu s cess ft PERMANENT FATU PASTURES I 1 aloir to keep Product productive ivo indefinitely by alid generous top tot gressing permanent pasture ig 11 practicable where soila soils aro are this ii is proved bytho by alie old bauo grass pastures in kentucky anil and tennessee Tennes seq and the old pastures of england which have almost never been plowed tho the way these fields are am kept in the highest condition is by occasional top dressing drea aing with manure or other fertilizers or orby by applications of nitrate of eoda soda and fresh seeding at times and which is of special importance the frequent removal or scattering of tile droppings of the tile cattle A permanent pro productive pasture can call be made by the following Ino method thod recently described by a correspondent in ili the hural new yorker ho ile says the land in is to bo be first put in condition by a clean summer fallow liberal draining if necessary the removal or burial of stones most excellent cultivation and antl seeding with the right kinds of grasses in much larger quantities quantin than american america n farmers ever think of three or four bushels of 9 cod of bevc sev tal ral kinds is the beust that should b be e fown the grasa grass should ba be sown alone ail 1 l rast pastured tired on it until til tho 1140 s MT a aiu a T tu 5 T r le ehl i nl ur 01 ii ig through it and poaching the surface the grass is never to be oaten down too closely but always so that it may never seed A mower is to bo be run over it whenever any kufta appear to be left and to remove seed stems if they appear rolling is very useful early in ili tho spring and whenever tho tile surface ma may y be injured by moles any mole hills should be spread before rolling moles must be killed by traps as aa t they h e y will make any grass field rough tough and w weedy eed ili in a few yearn ears if per permitted mittel each spring a top dressing of I 1 00 pounds of and pounds of nitrate of soda should bo be ap plied in the fall come some fine manure spread on the surface b by y a harrow will bo be a great help abe whenever never the first in indication di cation of the need of it appears some seed should bo be sown wherever where er the grass I 1 may appear thin and when ft hen it is sown somo some compost kept for tho the purpose should bo be spread over it to insure growth tho the meadow should not be eaten down too closely at any time but especially in in the fall and tho damage by mice should bo be guarded against by setting poisoned meal in holes bored in small blocks of wood scattered on the field these pests if not prevented will do more damage to a grass land than any other agent the varieties of grass aro are to bo be selected with reference to the kind of soil mere mero reseed ing alono alone is not sufficient to keep a pasture in good condition it is the want of fertility food for tho the grass that first causes a meadow to run down and to supply this want is tho the first requisite been in cellars we put bees in in a cellar simply to protect them from a low temperature for innately tha the temperature of tho the earth below tho the frost line is a desirable |