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Show Propagation and Culture of "Blackberries 'By Trofessor J. T roop T indue University Agricultural Experiment Station "THE blackberry follows the raspberry in time of ripening, although tome earlier varlttes lap over with the later varieties e.f raspberries. There are still some sections of our stale where Ihe blackberry runs wild and where It la not necessary to pend time In Its cultivation. Such loculttlca, however, are becoming fewer every year as the limber lands arc- cleared up, so that at the present time the blackberry should find a place In nearly every farmer's garden. The blackberry Is easily propagated by nieans of root cuttings; that Is one reason why It sprout ko badly where i.-rp cultivation cultiva-tion ! practiced. Wherever a root is broken It sends out new shrois. If enough new-plants new-plants cannot lie found of the desired varieties, varie-ties, young roots from the old plants may be taken and cut Into pieces three or four Inches In length nnd as many as are wanted. These may be scattered In a row a few inches apart, covered two or three Indies with soil and allowed to grow- one year before transplanting trans-planting Into the permanent dot. The soil lM-st adapt..! to their bearing Is a rather rkh sand. If set on molil. rich berries it Is the Snyder. Kveryhody plants the Snyd. r; n.,t because It rod arcs the largest larg-est .ml fln. st fruit, hut because It Is the most r.liable on the great, st varieties of soiIs. Kl dorado, Rithhun. Agawim. TavW, and Early Harvest .-,re all good, but Early Har-.-st Is somewhat tender nnd huble to winter kill If not protected. This Is a favorite variety In southern Indiana, where. lri u little protection. It produces bountifully. Next to dry weather the orange ru.it Is the most serious dra-.sbaek to blackberry culture. This Is a fungous disease which attacks the leaves of the young thoots early in the season. The eHs--a.se Sre.ids very rapidly and kills everything that It attacks The plant ltlons should I carefully watched and whenever the disease rrakes u., appar-anre. appar-anre. all afTeete parts sh- ul.J be cut out nnd burned. The plants tn the Imm.-dl-i fe vicinity should then be sprayed with 'the l..r!' .u mixture. The lifetime of the plantation V.IM depend v.ry largely uim the ad.ptiblllty of the soil, and the tr. atrn-nt which the pUnts cure during th. lr time r,j ,,f.rvjr Vn,if.r f.ivorcihle rlr.-um.tanc-s a plants t ton h-.jld ,-onti-iue to h-cr good, crops for t.,sht or tn j ears. muck land the canes will grow too rank ond produce too little fruit, and besides are more likely lo winter kill. I'nless It Is desired to have- only a single row for home use which can be -lintel along one side of the garden, the rows had better be planted about seven or elht feet I apart, nnd the 'hints six fee-t apart In the I row. This will give plenty of room to cultl- I vate with a horse and cultivator Cultivation should always be shallow in order to prevent tearing up too many roots. To secure fin" fruit and jl-nty of It. most of f-.e suckers must be cut out wh.n young, in. If they are allow e.l tei grow, th. y will Weaken the miln canes by crowding and depriving Ihem of nourishment. It is generally understood that blackberries should not be cultivate! n autumn. au-tumn. a cultivation will have a tendency to cause th.-m to continue to make new wood which will not have time to ripen up before winter. j-H' nee. otherwise b .rdy varieties wilt be eif. He likely to wlnler kill. TUa l Ciuilc t-fc-s.nluj, mJJjJ vl 11 mulch Is put on before freezing weather, the result will be the name as with late- cultivation. cultiva-tion. Afti r the grounJ freezes put on a good coating of straw or coarse manure. As soon as the young canes are two or two and a half feet hlcli the tlr i-hould he nipped e.ff. to eauso them to branch out and become stocky enough to support them-s..lv them-s..lv without much staking. It It Is riec-s-s.iry t" support th-m. a single s did stake at eaeli end of the row with a wire running at each : He. mentioned for r.i' pberrles. will l.e rdl that Is necessary to keep the c.incs ..ut of the w ay of tlie hore- wla n cultivating and also to In-ure clean berries. Kike the rasph. rry. the blackbe rry bears I H fruit on wo- d of the previous J ear's rrovvth. hence nil of these old fruiting c.ines 1 -hould he cut out and burn, d as soon as they j re done fruiting. Varieties. Among oil of tV,e ajH-clr-s of cultlvat' d 1-erri-. - there Is always nn Old I .tvn.iby lint s.etrs to 1... the K fn-T.il favorite J uiolsX iJa.ce t o onditlons.. J ihj-'XH, black- J |