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Show good Jay to avert iar, cox says tjfl How Serbia, Was jrced to Withdraw Its Troops CREDITS LEAGUE I r tlders How Long Before SKS. Recognizes Value of Plan !jGK)V. COX SAYS: one who wnui- to n i" I t Pjfc the fai l- It i- apparent that micaoc treaty was but prcllmln- io a program of International - .e game of grali at the pe:u e 9 wa iri i nli l le. .Hr..iv ion. JP- lei n (i . 1 .i ' !. im nts ol : foubtlcss the feeling with (hose : icssel of pun0" as that Jeagnc of nations under the fa- ng condition of subsiding pas- pp would 1 i j o 1 I -. 1 through tlatlon to m.ike tin- necessarj Tjnstment - kBtot years have passed, and lite -j Of Ills (W'll '.1! -i olisi r at (on - gypIMirent. It remains to he seen wJhcr nnotlier four year m i Im and go before the p sibllities "lie league of nations are ic.il--y Amerlea. ttVA)n:s m ( i:x-(.(iv- rjjB ERXOR OF OHIO l--Bakers 1 1 i i. 'l r rEliiOt regard It ;s a pcrfe in-; in-; : nt. J' Impossible to do Bbo thintrs jjpterct ol a pcrmari' nt peai Hped essential. The fbt the treaty is so blinded l,v , KfMhl P t ; Kany difficulties that sun . gejBnly no in It possible -meriea would ahand!i n read.- .1 r---gBi1iU v. idlng as it llflpng the war. 1: m ilbati n MHerih I i i mil it ry a ut ,. -Els ' ' ' "'fTlca st r-ji I. i 'n ) . tf-r ruin Bthe e i-ii'n! i . .in ,n im- wi i ijWrw:irj abandoned not on . lyi but t I th t . . . ndant upon the . f pure ..in tion ims HQ Bp overhangln ; bit term Bp on laid fBh- n ' I ..j:' i nd'-re.l r Wto in :i nl.imi when I did It fee that .1 g Wli'i iflfj'Mi', !; i . , .. BjS hir .r. io Of Inter: 'ii I w the i the lb'- re'-., pntnjr. r -:u nr.- : i It VI' t o r. .:. 1 1 . pari h-st ,.. - r lt"' 1 ' UuWI; I'm - i i- w pi FmiiiIs. t ii, . ' i i ,, pan, :! t I I;. t',1,. I 11 Jjf"f- treat; i '2lU a sati.sfarti.rs- 'I'm umont, tut It Is lmperativ.-! . neeeasary to Jb "War. . . . Nothing could pW fatal than the .ni Id :i:mi ,-Ate ,-Ate of gpPplni-r t 'i. ynnhri, . wasslu-n-l rhaps be. n a upset. un Hbous to Kurop: as the prcvio is llfcra of w -ftt not wish to fliel fault Ti'h Jpce to i) our peoples wre j,: The- real v:ur. . ma 1 ins fll nl 1 1 rr'.n .if., - (his t reat W Bicn. ,1 ..ml d. reby he, n , y i!,- l ,,n t he de-B de-B passions t h i,ri I,. , n - Ggurujiij - or n'-:,r v If. e ;,is. re are still t mtorlai , m jWhlch win ti'-' il r. -l.slon; there llpntees hi!, ,,,.. n wrilfli we ;iM WHl son be fun ml ml i h.nmonv new prorr-fiji tempr r an I t-te of our ' ' ' i i n i enemies. J art- inifTinlt 1,1 stipulated HBnot bo exacted wit hout (jre.it to the industil:,' r. lval of iCu-fJB iCu-fJB which II will l,f in the III .fWalMu r.-n,J,r moiv tolerable eSSIwo ( II IK VK Ml S I s nth world a re definite!) I , -LThe (in,. H the destruction llan militarism; the other is , Autlon or the le.,KU,- of n.l- Onfldfnt that the i jLgue v. Ill H I atn of es, -i,, for Hnr.r ,,ni HHBJ B'n brougth aXo,,t h,h The ' 11' mv (e0,l s onehl t Rlf arU,st po.Hsihi.- . i ; , t . . join the ,rtf Lnrl n i i. ,,i, with the t,FBVle ,f;,rn t0 Prctir,- i no flV bon of i his war that not in tontlnued on I'ae, Tavoj 0 BOYCOTT WAY TO AVERT WARS Cox Wonders When America Amer-ica Will Recognize Value of League (Continued From Page One.) separate ambitions or in selfish domination dom-ination but In common service for the great of the human causes lies the true path of national progress "Unless tho victors can effeotlvely extend a helping hand to the defeated ant broken peoples, a largo part of Europe Is threatened with exhaustion and decay." si .LFISIIN ESS DOMINATED It Is well to recall some of the things-that things-that made trouble It is recognized in Europe now that a mistake was made when Purls was selected for the p acs conference. This was a tribute to tl e French soldiers and French people, both of whom, in the face of almost unendurable hardships had survived tho imaslon of their soil. It was the very' center of war excitement. a part of tho Paris press behaved badly Conflicting national claims that were under discussion were cvploited by paid advertisements There was ceaseless propaganda going on. Kngland has just held an election The coalition forces of LloVd George had won the day on the slogan that carried the sentiment of war bitterness. bitter-ness. Territories given up by vanquished van-quished countries were regarded .as spoils of war, and there were many Bi Idences of national greed Franco wanted Alsace-Lorraine and the. Baar Valley, the left bank of :ni Rhine, Syria and part of Cameroon. J England wanted Mesopotamia, Ger- man East Africa, southwest Africa and some of the South Pacific islands, and possibly Palestine. Italy wanted 'he Trentlno and Treste, the Tyrol. Dal-matlo, Dal-matlo, Flutne, parts of Albania and a foothold at Adalla. Japan wanted Shantung and some northern Pacific Islands. IMERIOA WANTED NOTHING Greece wanted extensions in Eplrns and Macedonia, the return of the Eo-deoanbSS Eo-deoanbSS and considerable holdings around Smyrna. Belgium wanted parts of Holland, Poland, Czecho-Slovakla, Jugoslovia and the border states de- lrH InInn, n,l,n Tf l 1 1 m . .1 1 . 1,-lnt. ed Transylvania and Bessabaria. America Am-erica wanted nothing In territory. The game of grab at the peace table was prevent l i Woodrow Wilson. Ho defied the elements of greed He Insisted Insist-ed that the territory taken from Germany Ger-many be placed under mandate until the Inhabitants were enabled to determine de-termine tin lr own future. This prolonged the conference. Tho Italian delegates went home in a huff As days came and days went, soviet-tSm soviet-tSm was spreading over southeastern Europe The shadow of hunger hung over millions of homes. In time it was a race, so fas as the peacc-rnak-. r were concerned, with starvation and revolution Mr. Wilson und those who were po3-B4 po3-B4 i l of like Idealism, made the bast of a bad situation They were unable to enforce in toto the principle of tho fourteen points. I do not attempt to speak for Mr Wilson, but i am convinced that he signed the treaty in the same spirit that animated Qeneral Smuts. Doubtless Doubt-less the feeling with those possessed of high purpose was that the league of nations under the favoring conditions of subsiding passions would be enabled through mediation to make the necessary neces-sary readjustments. Confirmation of this view would seem to be offorded by Ihe original draft of Article X of the Covenant drawn by Mr. Wilson himself. It was as follows: TO END ALL WARS "The contracting powers unite in guaranteeing to each other political independence and territorial integrity; but it Is understood between them that such territorial readjustments, if any as may in tin future become necessary neces-sary by reason of changes in the present pres-ent racial conditions and aspirations or present social and political relationships, rela-tionships, pursuant to the principle of self-determination, and also such territorial ter-ritorial adjustments as may in h judgment of three-fourths of the delegates del-egates be demanded by the welfare and manifest interest of tho peoples able to those people; and that terrl-concerned terrl-concerned may be effected if agree-torlal agree-torlal changes may In equity involve material compensation. The contracting contract-ing powers accept without reservation the principle that the peace, of the world Is superior In importance to every ev-ery question of political jurisdiction or boundary'-" There is a conslib rable feeling that it would hae been better if Mr Wilson's Wil-son's first draft had been adopted. It not only laid down-the fixed principle of national rights, but it explicitly promised relief If It developed that certain frontier arrangements were found undesirable. Advocates of the league, certainly, must have regarded the door as opon for the problems lying in the future, otherwise It is doubtful whether f.en-eral f.en-eral Smuts, for instance, would have Signed tho treaty. Four vears have elapsed and the truth of his observations Is apparent. It remains to be seen whether another anoth-er four years must come anJ go beforo the possibilities of the league of nations na-tions are realised in America ARTICLE X WAR BOGEY Article X, which aroused so much controversy in America, did not receive re-ceive as much notice in Europe. In fait, students of the covenant have been surprised that it occasioned such a mare s nest here. Doubtless, Lord Robert Cecil had in mind American objectors to Artie le X when he recently recent-ly proposed an amendment to the constitution con-stitution which provides that if forco is Invoked in restraint of an aggressive1 act, only continental soldiers shall be used The general belief, although it is not urged against Lord Cecil's suggestion, is that the Jcague In all probability will never have to go beyond the measure mea-sure of an economic boycott. In support sup-port of this Is cited the Albanian pl-sode. pl-sode. The Albanians aro a little people who have from time immemorial lr. -od on the southern coast of the Atlantic Atlan-tic sea. Until the Balkan wars of, 1912-13, they were subject to the' Turkish empire. Many of them became be-came Mohammedans, because under I Turkish law, no Christian could own i land or carry arms In 1913, whrn Turkey was finally driven out of the Balkans, the gre.it powers created Albania into an autonomous auto-nomous principality. A German prim ie was sent to govern the country'- Before Be-fore the work of consolidation was completed, tho war of 1914 began The German prince fled and cha03 was general. Various armies fought on her soil,. When peaeo came, there were Serbs. French, Italians, and Greeks in occupation occu-pation The appeal to tho peace conference con-ference for the trtatus of a separate state would havo been futllo except for Lord Robert Cecil of England and Mr. Rowell of Canada. They said 'If we reject this little state, a primitive people possessed of a very strong na-j tlopal Instinct, they will resist because . a InVS-ders are trying to dismember tnem. and wars have started from smaller causes." It (Wis made a sovereign state, but tho little country had no established frontiers. It asked the council of tbo league to establish them, BOYCOTT SAVES WAR While It was engaged In this, the Serbian troops occupied what was b-I b-I yond question Albanian territory- This occasioned uneasiness in Italy becauae of Albania's strategic position on the Adriatic tea The situation was serious seri-ous Tho British government asKed for an emergency meeting of the council coun-cil of the league, KUggcstlnK the use of tho economic boycott. The meeting was held within a week. In tho Interim, the Serbian exchange had fallen on tho London market. Negotiations Ne-gotiations for a Serbian loan vreve dropped. The Serbian po eminent immediately im-mediately withdrew its troops Tho league dlrerte.1 a commission consisting of impartial persons one from Finland, one from Norway "n" from Luxemborg, to report on the withdrawal of the invaders, a specific date having been fixed. Leforo the time elapsed, the commission wired the council that withdrawal had taken rdace. A commission of experts is now establishing the frontiers, j Albania's independent existence has I been recognized by all the great powers pow-ers who have sent diplomatic representatives repre-sentatives to Tirana, the capital. Albania Al-bania has asked the league for expert advisers In economic, financial and other matters. A system is being perfected per-fected which establishes a method of taxation, a central bank and the cr?-atlon cr?-atlon of currency. There are two lessons from !hls: I First, that the economic boycott was sufficient to avert war, and second, that the small nations of tho earth I trust the league of nations as an im-j im-j partial orgs n ljitlon. having no flnan-I flnan-I clal or territorial policy concealed in the background. (Copyright, 1922. NBA Service. Inc.) This is the concluding article of ex-Governor ex-Governor Cox's series on European observations. |