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Show I A MODERN AIRACUE I S IN AUJLTIPLE TELEGRAPHY $ & ?:? & & it5 iff ilJ iti & iii ;:J i;f & Hi i ! i!J - tfi ?!i iH'r & Hi ?fc ?(5 J Aloni one of the ordinary post and telegraph lines between Paris and Bordeaux1 Bor-deaux1 some extraordinary telegraphing telegraph-ing hai Just been accompllahed. While the regular operators were sending and receiving back and forth their uaual messages experimenting men of science had lapped the line, attached new Instruments to It and were engaged en-gaged In sending bark and forth other mesaagea of which the regular operator opera-tor otivld not poaalbly have taken cog n I ran re even had they been aware of their existence. Tha regular operators of the government govern-ment service were using In one rase a Morae duplex apparatua, which per-mlta per-mlta the (reversible) transmission of two simultaneous mosaics, and In the other a Baudot apparalua with four keyboards, which permlla the Bending of four messages In one direction, pimply ftiiinertlng their new apparatua with tht aiime wlrea, the experimenters experimen-ters mereeded In sending and receiving. receiv-ing. ItnultsneoiiKly and In each direction, di-rection, twelve other messages, making mak-ing In all twenty-four simultaneous mraangea plus the two messages of the Morse duplex or the four messages of the nand.it apparatus. This was accomplished ac-complished not only as s scientific novelty, hut practically and continuously continu-ously for hours at a time, in a teat to establish the commercial usefulness of ths Invention. In this way It waa dsmonslrated that the entire first page of a great newspaper, containing almost al-most 1000 words, csn be aont from PROF. MERCADIEK Paris to Bordeaux along a single wire In one hour by means of the new Invention In-vention simply, or by means of the-new the-new Invention and a Baudot four-keyboard apparatus working almulta-neoualy almulta-neoualy In little moro than a half hour, during which half hour tho Bordeaux authorities may traiiHtult to Ports by means of the new Invention text equivalent to half page of the same newsaper, always along the Borne solitary sol-itary single circuit. Or should this seem less remarkable to Americans, habituated to the Whealslone auto-matlo auto-matlo device, than to Parisians, It may be listed that 1.300 arpcrnte and unprepared un-prepared telegrams of twenty words each may be sent In a single hour over tha single circuit by means of this wonderful Invention. Tha Inventor of tha new system Is Professor E. Mercndler. director of atudles of the famous Ecolo Polytech-nlque, Polytech-nlque, the occupant of an Important chair in the Ecole HnperUure lies Posies Pos-ies et Telegrsphes and chevalier of the Legion of Honor. The actual transmitting device, aa Professor Mercadler showed and described de-scribed It, constats essentially of what be has nnnied electrodlapaaon Inducto-phones, Inducto-phones, of which but three are shown In the accompanying figure (Diagram No. 1). In place of three, the reader must suppose twelve, for the sending of the twelve simultaneous meaaages mentioned at tha outaet of the article. arti-cle. A dlapaaon Is a tuning fork, I, e., a forked piece of metal of such size and thickness that It vibrates Invariably Invari-ably on a certain single tone. An electrodlapaaon Is one electrically maintained In a continuous vibratory movement, In the present case by means of sn electro-magnet ("E," Fig. 1) placed lntccn the two foika. communicating com-municating on the one aide with the polo of a small battery and on the other side with the tuning fork and with a ateel stylus of necessary length fixed lo one of the branches In front of a platinum plate communicating with the other pole of Ihe battery. II It siirnclenl to put In ilact the two poles for the electricity to act on the branrhea of the tuning fork (diapason), (diapa-son), breaking the contact, which reestablishes re-establishes Itself when the brunches return toward their primitive poaltlon. and ao on ronllnaouslv. A aecond atylus. or transmission aty-lus. aty-lus. la fixed to Ihe second branch by a screw Insulated from the tuning fork by a block of Ivory. Thla la put In communication by an insulated allinul-num allinul-num wire with the pole o( another battery, or battery of transmission, of which the other pole la connected with a platinum pl.de by the Intermediary of one of the wlrea of an Induction transformer. During the movement of the tuning fork (maintained aa described), de-scribed), each time that the transmission transmis-sion stylus touches the connection wllh the battery the battery semis a current through the wire of the trnna-former. trnna-former. Thla wire la. then, traversed each second by a number of currents equal to the number of vibrations of the tuning fork. The result Is an equal numlier of Induction currents or vibrations In the wire No. I of the transformer. Identical with thoso In th direct wire, from which the word pored, at three non-vlliratlng points on Ita mi face, on metnl atema llxed to ', rollera o-i a radiua of a circular plat- form which supports them. Now. the diameter of each membrane depends on i Ihe half-tone of Ha first harmonic '. i ' , si S (40 vibrations per second), do S ' I.M3 vibrations), do sharp 3 (M.D. and ' i so on. from hair-tone, to la sharo 4 i'.iih) about), Incluaively. Eeach one of ' ' Ihe niemluanea (thin metallic disks) la thus tuned exactly with one of the ' transmitting elcrtro-dtapaaoue (tuning foika) at the other end of the lino. ' c, receiver receiver (.f ' I l JC, Monotelepiorve Rccepteur , , ' 1 v -y 3, If IF El 1 ?,?ztt&r y EM - p'fon.f x TunirM? fork instrument 1 ' lM UrfC T (?) -U-LL V (?) Inductophonu I given lo the Instrument. Instru-ment. Now, at each end of the line (or disposed dis-posed at different point along the line If desired) there are twelve of these electrically vibrating tuning forks (electrodiapasons), each tuned to a note of the chromatic scale for an entire octave do, re, ml, fa, sol, la, si and the Intervening half tones. The tuning fork No. 1, for example, la constructed so aa to vibrato on the note of "si 3" and makes 4M) vibrations vibra-tions per second. The tuning fork No. I Is (say) tuned to "do 4" and makes (12 vibrations In the same time and so on, from tuning fork to tuning fork, up to "la sharp 4," which makes about 900 vlgrations a second, Ths actual apparatua la composed of a cylindrical box surrounded by a glass cover and containing an energetic ener-getic magnet whose core la wound a In an otdlnury telephone, but whose telephonic membrane (which I a metallic me-tallic disk about two millimetre In thickness), Instead of bolng fastened around Its circumference Is simply -. .... . ' -,. I'nhlle Spirit In Japan. The modern Japan which the Marquis Mar-quis llo'a policy haa brought forth waa made poaslble by the rcllgloua devotion of nobles and eoolica to the emperor, which made tha Imperial wishes law; by the iutcne patriotism and tho oftl- rial Integrity of the retainer of the i IMnmyoa, who hsve become the officer of the army and navy and memliera of Ihe civil service, wrltea Frederick ( Palmer In Hi rllmer'a. Aa an Occident nl, I should place Integrity aa the llrat cause. When you have ndli lal aervanta . ; o proud that even the pnatman will ' not accept a Chrlstiuaa gift, a states- , ' man knows lhat. whatever the error 'j of construction may be, tho timber ' are sound. As long aa men become policemen on less than a coolie' psy ', ) for the honor of serving the govern ' r '' ment It will never lack for first -class 1 ability to Oil Its office. Japan may, 1 I well reverence her old military aria- tocraey, with Ita false punctilio. , |
