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Show Aoelent ) Mmlrrn ttnatfa. OlaV MllMI the men whose J W names will live as long us O 11 o civilisation exists Is Hint X K of John I.. Muoudum. the 0r road builder. Not only bus his mime bii-oine a part of the K.ng llsh language, but the kind of road which he built bns been adopted by all civilised nations. The ancient Ho-mans Ho-mans built stone ronda. but they were very different and vastly more expensive expen-sive than the niitcndnm ronds of modern mod-ern times. They built a siil.slniillnl foundation of ruck, sometimes several feet In depth, nnd then covered It with a pavement of large flat stones. This kind of rond will outlast any oilier. Indeed, some parts of Hie A pi nil Way, the building of which was begun three centuries before Christ, are still lu use, and in good repair. It remained for John L. M aciiibi ui. a modern (Englishman, (English-man, to prove that the great oien-diture oien-diture of time n'ud money required In tho building or Hie old llomnii ronds was largely wasted. He demonstrated that a smooth, hard, enduring road could be built of crushed stone a few Inches In depth properly spread and compacted ou a foundation of enrtli. Tho main points In successful macadam mac-adam rond building are: (II That the foundation be properly constructed and drained; Ui that the surface of the rond be slightly curved so aa to shed water; and (ill that the surface of the finished road be mnde hard and smooth snd aa nearly waterproof as possible. The last of theso qualities la secured by spreading on the atone III layers, beginning with a layer of Hie largest fragments and finishing with a layer of very Hue crushed atono with which some aa nd Is often Incorporated. Kach layer la well compacted witb a heavy roller. Although the expense of building macadam ronda Is trilling compared with Hint of constructing a stone- pnved ruud like that of the ltouuin Kmpcror, Appius Cliiudlus, It Is still so great as to form the principal obstacle ob-stacle to macadamising modern highways. high-ways. The cost, of course, depends Inrgely on the ease wllh which suitable suita-ble stone tuny be secured. Where the material litis to bo trnusported by mil for a considerable dlstauco the cost is grcntly Incrensed. itoiue of the Massachusetts Mas-sachusetts blgbwuys bsve exist I hiss) to $I0,oisi a mile; while In some other Mlutes good mucuiluiii roads bsve beeu built for tl.vsj to :lis,) per mile. Home friends of tbe good roads movement move-ment hcsltuto to 'Join In the demand for niitlonnl aid because they are appalled ap-palled by the enormous expeusv In volved iu mucin, nulling I lis enure rond mileage of tho country. Hucb persons are laboring under a mistake. Tbe national aid billa now before Congress Con-gress do not proposo to construct any parUculnr kind of rond. They simply propose to "Improve the public toads." and provide for "Investigations and experlmenta to determine the beat kinds of road material and the best methods of rond building." In a recent re-cent article ltepresentatlve Hrownlow suys: "My own Individual opinion In that some of tho principal thoroughfares ought to be iiinciidamised. Well Informix! In-formix! road experts have estimated Hint If one-tenth of the rond mileage of the country were macudamlkiHl and the other nlue-tenths were Improved In other and cheaper ways, using the best local mutcrlnls available, the cost of hauling the farm proJuct of the United Hlnles to market wuuld be reduced re-duced one half." If this estimate la correct, the saving to the furmera would be enormous, aud would lu a few years be sulllclent tn cover the eutlre expense of uisklng the Improvements Hesldes lessening tbe cost of hauling, good roads will bring to the pcoplo of the rural districts dis-tricts pleasures and beueflla wbtcb cannot be measured 111 money. |