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Show I AUTOMOBILE NEWS I WHAT AN AUTO MUST HAVE THESE DAYS Tho purvhncr of au automobile us-tially us-tially regards only the externals m lien he buys a car He has to take Lho word of the maker for the parts thai cannot be seen. Yet it Is these hidden factors thai determine the value and the safer, as well as 'he longevity and the reliable re-liable action of the machine. Often his very life and that of those accompanying accom-panying him are at the mercy of some hit of mechanism of whose ev istence he hardly knows. If the maker has performed his part faithfully, life and limb are sale-guarded sale-guarded If he has been careless in j workmanship, or has used poor ma terial, there is a frightful hazard The only protection to the purchaser purchas-er ts to insist on having in his car parts that represent the work of firms of proved Integrity, devices whose I success has heen established. Similarly, he must give thought to his accessories, which yearly become more important, as new means are discovered of furthering the comfort and convenience of the motorist By getting these right he is underwri'ing ih pleasure and service he expects in get from his purchase of a car. Parts and accessories rank in im-IKjrtance im-IKjrtance nnl after the car itself They must he right if a perfect re6tiU Is to be obtained. The highest grade of engineering skill enters into the production of the machinery that goes Into the automo bile. There are a host of details connected con-nected with the various processes, of which the user of a motorcar has not the remotest idea He does not know, for example, that it is best to forge axles from the bar at one heat as resisting to the Utm-perature Utm-perature at which one steel can be worked is likely to deteriorate the metal He does not know that the temperature must be carefully watch cd. lest a steel bar be mined by be-1 lug heated too high. Bnt he would know If the axle happened to break The costly machinery required in this kind of work, and the skilled labor la-bor needed, forms a reason why not many automobile factories make all their parts. The production would not be great enough to maintain the furnaces, machinery and labor required. requir-ed. Hence most factories buy parts from factories that make a specialty of them. For example, the machinery hat cuts the big beveled gear in the real axle costs more than the high-priced automobile, and this Is only one of the many special parts of machinery I demanded by the work For an automobile to be right, there arc a number of parts on which vital stress must'be laid. If the gears, both in the transmission transmis-sion and rear axle, are incorrectly cut. they are not only noisv. but consume con-sume the power developed by the motor mo-tor and wear out faster. Some Vital Requirements. Th? brakes In the rear axle are most important, since tragedy .s al ways possible when the car does not stop when the lever Is applied. The brakes must not overheat, must not slip, must be easily adjusted. io .is to take un the wear and tear, and must not lock the wheels -o sudiien ly that the cover will be torn off tnt tire The front axle must be light and strong The steering knuckles must be placed at the right angles, so that they will turn the wheels without un due force applied to the steering wheel, and must stand the tremendo"s shock from rough spots, etc., In the roads. The springs must be resilient and strong anil resist, any tendency to cr; stalllzation. The wheels must lie made of second growth hickory, properly prop-erly seasoned, so that after being joined they will not dry out and squeak. The "artillery" type of wood irheel is most popular with the arch construction con-struction prlr.riple The must ; dished Slightly so that ali the snores take equally the strain at any point. The frame must be properly rein- I forced and made of the right thlrk-I thlrk-I ness of metal and successfully resist I any tendency to sag in the center after af-ter continued use. The ball bearings throughout ;he car must be properly made and inclosed inclos-ed so as to keep out all dirt and nt. and retain the lubricant so that th ! will give years of servic e without at tention oftener than once In six months The transmission must be strongly built, the gears correctly cut and of the proper pitch. The shafts BIUS1 revolve freely on ball bearings and be of sufficient size so that will nv spring when a heavy load is applied The clutch, which must engage cor rectly, without gripping suddenjj must release freely and instant ly when desired, and he of sufficient sur-, fflcp not to slip when the full power of the motor is applied Most motors are well designed nil built, but their proper performan e largely dependent on the carburetor, which must plve the right mixture of gas and air at all speeds; the OOOllufl system, which depends both on the radiator and the circulation of the water, wa-ter, the ignition system which is c-ther c-ther n joy or disgnst to the owner must be reliable Must Withstand Abuse. The steering column, one of the most important safety factors in the car. must be carefully designed to withstand the abuse of the road which Is communicated from the iron' wheels to the steering gear. The bodies, partic ularly the Inclosed or limousine bodies at all times m.Ii-ject m.Ii-ject 10 the twisting of the frame as I the car passes over the uneveiuicss in the roads, must be strong and yet lightly built. The tires, the largest item of expense, ex-pense, must be lough and resilient, so as to serve thousands of miles, and yet must not be so heavy as to con sume too large a share of the power developed by the motor. Almost equally Important Is the question of accessories. Many starting devices are now on the market, the most notable, per haps, being the "electric" Previous to its introduction It was the frequent experience of motorists after cranking the machlue on rainy day to need a soap and towel Many arms have been broken and o'li 1 er injuries inflicted from the back I fire. I With an electric starter, the com I pressed air starter and the tarter that uses the compression from a ank pressing a button at the driver's feat starts the motor The electric light In many cases Is supplanting tbe gas light. A small dvnanio c onnected w ith the motor I constantly charges the storage bat-' tery, which supplies the current for the electric lights when so desired great many cars are equipped with both oil and electric lamps Many Satlsfsc'cry Magnetos Many highly satisfactory makes ol 'magnetos are now offered, so that the operator no longer has to depend on unsatisfactory batteries for the source-of source-of current to supply the Ignition system. sys-tem. The magneto giving a spark :o the cylinders at the correct Instant insures freedom from ignition trouble aud generally increases in a slight degree de-gree the horsepower of the motor. Many of the electric lighting and electric starting systems are combined, combin-ed, and can be attached to cars not originally bui't for them Flectric horns and exhaust horns have proved a source of satisfaction to automobile ooorators. particularly on country roads. number of devices are on tlie market to prevent the front of the ear from receiving injurv in congested districts when restless horses or even other autos accidentally back into tne front of the machine. Shock-absorbing devices are offered to make tlie can ca6 in riding and nlso to save the springs from abuse-In abuse-In bad spots in the roads. Many varieties- of trucks Secure) J placed in the rear of the ear, and constructed so that they keep out 'he wet, are provided for the owner's ha? gage Speedometers and mileage re-or 1 ers are better than ever, and many good makes arn offered. Tops are now made so that ihe-; are easily nut up or folded and when folded lie flat and out of the way at the rear of the car Windshield Necessary. Windshields are proving a becessl ty, and are so made that even inj rainy weather nmi on cold days, when I the glass is apt to become steamed.! they can be set so that the rider has j ,i i tear view of the road ahead Circular trunks are made to carrv oil the side of the cars. In which to plat ti i he t ires and tubes Oils and greases are offered In neat cans for carrying on long tours. Nearly all tire manufacturers no-' make tires with a tread that will not skid on we I pavements, and there are a number of non skid devices on the market that not only prevent motorcars motor-cars from skidding on wet streets, but keep the wheels from spinning in muddy holes. Pumps for filling the tires are now furnished which are so constructed that they are operated by the motor and are a great boon on hot days. With this choice it Is the fault of the o,vn r if he does not Insist on a properly equipped car |