Show COMMUNISTS SEE ELECTRICITY I AS KEY TO THEIR SUCCESS I Development of o Vast Plan Is s Under UnderWay Way EDITORS EDITOR'S NOTE This is ison is 18 the fourth of a a. series of articles on condi- condi conditions conditions lons in present day present Russia by e Jerome Davis a a. member of the th faculty acuity of the Yale University Divin- Divin Divinity correspond correspond- correspondent ity y School and a special ent nt In Russia for The Standard Standard- Examiner and NEA Service These articles 12 in number are appearing dally ally By JEROME DAVIS DAMS Member of the faculty Yale University University University sity Divinity School NE of the most striking facts in O ONE all Russia is the daring attempt to plan Ian scientifically for the economic life Ife of the nation The Ideal toward which the Communists Com Com- Communists Communists are arc aiming is the nationalization nationalization and socialization of the basic forces of production and distribution tion on This Includes the land the mines nines the railroads and the fac- fac tories orles In the words wards of ot their constitution this his means The abolition of cx- cx ut of men e by men the en- en enIre entire tire Ire a abolition of the division of the people eople into classes the suppression of f exploiters the establishment of ofa ofa a socialist society and the victory of f socialism in all lands NOT ELECTRIFICATION NOT OT YET It is one thing to plan but another I thing to do and the Russians are arelong area a long way from fulfilling their economic dreams In Moscow for Instance a huge sign over an office building reads Society for the Electrification of All Russia On the U Inside door one is confronted by a small mall sign over over the electric bell reading Out of Order Please Order Please Use the he Push Bell Bell Nevertheless in a a. few fields they are arc re making progress Let us Illustrate by what is hap- hap happening happening pening in the electrical industry As is far back as 1921 Lenin declared Communism Is the Soviet power plus electrification Electricity as os typifying the key keyo to o the Twentieth Century has caught aught the imagination of the Bol- Bol To their minds if Russia can an become the dominant nation elec- elec electrically electrically It will have established its superiority over all of us Actually in their development of electrical power they are but using the he achievements of capital With the dynamo Russia can not only remake her Industrial and transport system but the Com Com- Communists Communists Communists believe that they can also revolutionize the village Besides dis- dis displacing displacing placing the kerosene lamp in every hut lut electricity like a powerful mys- mys mystic tic ic genii can lighten the burdens of f the peasant all along the line lineIn In planning her electrical system the he Russians have chartered all potential sources of ot power The coun- coun country country try ry is divided Into twelve great districts so that each will eventually have ha an adequate supply WONT WON'T BURN THEIR OIL Russia refuses to divert certain na- na natural natural tural ural resources into electricity Thus I The e Biggest 1 est Water Power ro eft t On Earth art J bw a w V v 1 t. t g C t 7 VS t j j i f i Uw S fet 4 fc l K v f c r- r if F iii r r toT V S1 X rf J Wl K 54 a t ry ft v j s t 5 j l This photo shows work starting starling on the largest hydro-electric hydro ant In tn the world world the the dam dm In the river at she considers her tremendous oil de deposits de- de deposits deposits posits as flowing gold to be used only for tor export Similarly her high-grade high coal must be saved for manufacturing Water power constitutes the chief basis of the electrical system m but this is Js not available everywhere On the other hand Russia has large peat beds Elsewhere peat has never proved practicable as a a. fuel for creating electric current The Russians however have ha learned how to to- try it and use se It In the production production production tion of electricity The electric station near near Moscow is 15 the largest peat fuel station In the world and has a capacity of kilowatts Under the tsar In 1913 all the power plants combined produced only about Cv 0 kilowatt hours Today the total is already over 3 an Increase Se of over one- one third Ten new stations have been opened In the past pst year alone AN EXTENSIVE PROGRAM The Soviet government has ha laid down a I. I year five program which calls for the expenditure of ot mil ml- million million lion roubles the first year and Increases to by the last year jear ear During this period they plan to erect 30 regional sta sta- stations stations stations having ha a total capacity of kilowatts It is interesting that the Russian engineers many of whom are not Bolsheviks are working 17 and 18 hours a day at a wage less than a month I asked one of these experts What can possibly Induce you to work this way He answered During the Civil War and after arter we were not trusted with Important work It was awful Now It seems so fine to be bs actually doing again that we just throw ourselves into it for the pure fun of seeing something done dOlle Perhaps the most ambitious project proJect project which the Russians are arc at attempting at- at attempting tempting Is that of ot the river dam They plan to con con- construct construct construct the largest hj hydro electric dro plant in the world It would have a capacity of horse power I and Its ultimate production would I b be about third one larger than Muscle Shoals because it has a larger flow low of ot v water ater As a result of the dam the river commerce would I be capable of development to 20 tons annually The Th story of this project which I 1 got at first first hand from Russian government officials and also nUo o from the famous American engineer Col Hugh L L. Cooper builder of the Muscle Shoals dam will illustrate how Russian technical plans are gradually emerging CAME ME TO AMERICAN A PERT EXPERT Russian engineers have given a afree afree afree free hand in planning the project but when they laid their ideas be before be- be before before fore and Stalin the latter lat lat- latter latter ter said You may be right pat t twe we are not competent to pass on on your jour our plans You must secure the approval of a man with a record I which can be bs photographed With h these Instructions u a com om committee committee aan I m of four engineers S and a as s were ere sent out from Russia Rus Rus- Russia Russia sia to travel over the world wo-ld and I find a Q man who could supervise the project After Arter six months of I search In Europe they finally I came to America and found their man in Col Cooper the foremost expert in this line in the world Col Cooper sent over three en en- engineers engineers engineers who stayed In Russia for five fI months He then went him him- himself himself himself self and was able to advise the government go that the project was sound The proposed dam is situ situ- situated situated situated I near great iron and coal de deposits de- de deposits deposits posits which promise great Indus Indus- I I I I I I trial expansion Its power will be used by the entire Ukraine The darn dam d m will be 2300 feet wide and feet h hi With its related auxiliary structures It II will require 1400 yards of masonry or 15 per cent more than the famous dam across the Nile at In order to comprehend even faintly some of the construction difficulties Col Cel Cooper explained to me that one million cubic feet of water vater each second three times the entire volume of the St S1 Law Law- Lawrence Lawrence Lawrence rence river will have to be carried car car- carried carried ried over a structure feet high It must be brought down again so gently that It will not tear out the river bottom Underneath this structure structure structure ture the real dam dm will be built It will take at least st six years to construct and will wm cost at least 75 Col Cooper admitted that con con- construction construction construction would be somewhat slower on account t of Soviet labor r laws 1 is Today Russian et labor Is being b babied he said It It takes a month and three separate formal com com- complaints complaints complaints plaints to discharge a man If a worker gets hurt the foreman ha hato has hasto hasto to go to court to prove he was not responsible This increases costs and time but the Russians will wll sooner or later change such non non- nonsensical nonsensical nonsensical laws Russia 50 years ears from now v wll will willbe be the most powerful country in Europe Her lIer people have the brains brain brainand and all they need is the ambition The heads of ot the Soviet government are arc honest They have purchased over o one billion dollars from abroad and there has not been one dollar of ot graft Copyright 1927 19 NEA Service Inc Ino I MONDAY IO AY National running Planning nt and md and Oil |