Show NO INFORMED PERSON CAN DOUBT PROBABILITY OF OE EVOLUTION ZOOLOGIST SAYS f Scientist Who Is Also Church Member and Sunday School Teacher on Stand in Scopes Case Sketches Proof DAYTON DAYTO Tenn July 16 Ui CR U The t-The t I The state had rested its case CaG casei i and one scientific witness Dr I I Maynard M M. Metcalf former pro- pro j I lessor of zoology y at Oberlin col- col college lIege legs lege Ohio was as on the tho witness stand for the defense when court t j I adjourned late Wednesday 1 Ills testimony however has not been beena I a a. part of the tho record for prose prose- prosecution prosecution cution attorneys attorn s 's voiced objection when questions concerning 1 t lion were asked him and the Jury jUr I was retired Defense attorneys attorn C then were j I permitted per to ask osk Dr Metcalf ques que questions lions concerning the tho subject he be behns has hns made his life lICe study stud When hen his examination has been completed the tho attorneys will argue the competency of oC such testimony Whether tho court would give his decision at once I or or defer deter it to a later lat r court d day dy iy waR wan not known Judge John T I said ald HI 11 he has abandoned his practice of answering ques ques- Dr Metcalf's testimony will be heard In the absence of the tho Jury as 18 a II test to 10 show the tho line alon along r which the defense hopes hop s to pro pro- proceed proceed proceed and to which emphatic oh- oh objection is made by b the tho state Every K indication pointed to 10 a 0 hard fight lg-ht before I eCore the tho court on the question qu sUon The rhe defense nse hopes to prove by Dr Metcalf and other I scholars there is no conflict be oe- between tween evolution theories an 1 Christianity One of or the questions I naked asked the tho witness Wednesday afternoon concerning his church affiliations Ho Ito testified he is no now nova nowa a 1 member of ot the Congregational Congregational- Congregationalist 1st church and formerly was t L i member of the Presbyterian i church lIe He has taught two Bl i classes he said CASH OAS MOVIS IIO V. The case moved rapidly after I reaching the stage of actual mony mon The Tho first witness took his hl Place on the stand at the second session of the fourth court day da daThe The more or less neglected eg jury jun was brought into the tho courtroom after acter an extended extend d period of or ex ex- exclusion exclusIon A plea of not not gumy guilty was entered for Scopes by one of or his attorneys The Jury was as sworn and at last was actually a part of or tho the case The Tho Jurymen heard Walter White superintendent of schools two school schoolboy boy students of Scopes and F. F l E E. Robinson chairman of tho the board of education education tion testify for the state Th TheY y saw a civic biology by Georg Geor GeorgW W. W Hunter and a Biblo intro intro- introduced introduced in evidence The state rested and and tho the ae- ae defense tense called Dr Metcalf as its first witness No objection came camo from Attorney General Gen ral A. A T T. Stew Slew Stewart Stewart art as the witness was led through a II detailed account of ot his scientific activities since ho 10 was 10 years ear of age n e At tho the first mention of evo evolution evolution I lution objection came camo from Crom the th state as to the tho Admissibility of I such testimony It was as finally agreed to ex ex- exclude exclude exclude clude the Jury jur permit the witness to answer questions and then tn n argue tho the competency of oC his tes tes- OF OP STUDY Dr Metcalf told of oC his years of or study and work as a teacher of zoology He lie recounted his de de- degrees degrees grees tees and connections In scientific scientific scientific research After this detail Clarence row Dai-row asked Are Arc you evolutionist c Surely replied tho the witness as the attorney general seemed about to Interpose objection Then Dr Metcalf was asked to give ghe his definition of evolution The Tho witness said that he was op opposed op- op opposed pos posed d to 10 but was willing willingto to Lo give IYO descriptions The question was yes finally lost in the shuffle but after the jury had away awn Mr Darrow was ready with another Will VIII you state stale what evolution is in regard to the thc origin of oC Finally it was agreed that ce ce- ce certain tall aln questions of or evolution might bo be so answered to furnish the basis for tor the discussion to follow tollow the court Evolution E said Dr Metcalf and the theories of evolution I are fundamentally different things tb Ings I There are arc dozens of theories o of f evolution somo some of which art A largely mistaken and some al almost al- al almost almost most wholly true We e are arc in possession slon of den selen- scientific Itle knowledge to 10 answer flatly that evolution has occurred Kv Evo- Evo Evolution o v. v lution In Us lis final lInal analysis an means 1 change chang of an organism from ono one on character to a a. different charac charac- ter The change ot of an organism from ono one set of ot characteristics to toa toa a II form having hating ha In a n. different set of characteristics may be bc found to bo b I evolution Starting Starling with the Inorganic world there has been a tremendous trem tremendous n- n dous series of changes chane The Tho sun is comparatively comparative young The earth has gone through long Ions courses of change But Dut in inorganic evolution evolution tion we have to conceive earliest a rile t forms torms o 0 of life liCe subsisting solely on III Inorganic food Only plants can ca' cando cado do that No animal has been abe abc abeto ab to live Iivo solely on Inorganic food I From the first living things thing developed l 1 whole series of ot forms form in plant 1 groups gradually becoming be becoming be- be becoming coming more moro complex These form Corm a n. beautiful series as WJ w study their bodies in the rocks SERIES OUT I Im inclined to believe there may ma have been whole series of Qt I animals and plants in the earth completely wiped out They were I succeeded by other series of I plants and animals on the earth The evidence is insufficient to de do- determine I do-I termine tormine when the first life ap ap- ap Geologists measure ages I ap-I not in years en and I am ant not an expert In that line I would say SlY years jears Is a modest modestI I guess gU Alongside e of plants whon series of animals were develop develop- ing Animals hustle to get ot their theli food rood and therefore th developed loco loco- locomotive locomotive motive organs org Plants have not It H is not so o easy to tell the or or- order order der in which plants evolved as asto J asto to tell about this change in the higher animals In plants there theN theres theNIs is s a n. series erles of oC Increasing ties Animal life and plant lifo life probably began at the border the Hie I between the water and the time Ian lan 1 1 A A. long period in early carly lifo lite all living things were wre marine Whet i terrestrial life began b gan conditions condition I. I were more difficult and needs to meet these difficulties of exist exist- existence existence ence nce have been the occasion of developing de conditions to supply I these needs Considerable portions portion I of life liCe on the land have gone I back to the sea t Dr Metcalf in describing d a i mammal said hair developed or rudimentary Is a feature and that I mammals also suckle their young 1 They have a vertebral column I and two pairs of limbs which al always al- al alwa's always ways was have a shoulder or hip III girdle t Ii Man was classed among the tho primates Ho Ito was wa not so highly I developed n his body as sonic some other animals Ills His hand was n nit it so skillful as the claw of a n. bird Primates Included monkeys tailed sand and tailless man and others ot of o which fossil forms had been ben found Cound PROOFS OF INVOLUTION EVOLUTION Fundamental proofs of evolution evolution evolution tion were found round not in man sa much as in lower animals Va Ya- Various 1 rious proofs found throughout the tho universe made a tremendous probability probability I ability in n of evolution of I IJUan roan man The series of proofs are arc so o convincing con that any informed mutt man cannot doubt tho the probability of mans man's evolution Dr Metcalf concluded for Cor the tho day da Walter While White offered as the I first witness for Cor the state told of Scopes Scopes' es' es connection with tho thu ho county high school as 9 teacher of science He ne Identified the book taught in biology classes Where did he ho get this biology book was the first question asked Superintendent Su White by Clarence Darrow Mr White ex explained ex- ex the system of adopting school books by a Tennessee text textbook textbook textbook book commission There was no extended examination cross Mr Ir White was followed to the stand by Howard Morgan It- It j old year student He testified that evolution theories appeared as 1 I part of his school study under Scopes in April the teacher using a u. system including both questions and lectures in his teaching The Tho boy testified he was taught that animal life evolved from a II one on cell animal and eventually be became be- be became came camo man Tho The laa lea was instruct instruct- instructed ed cd lie he me said as to a n number of mammals but ho he did riot not have ha a clear idea of Just what a mammal is Mr Darrow Darro laughed with the crowd crowll when after aner ho had run rapidly rapid through a list of mammals including a whale the witness said I i dont don't know anything about the whale All this hasn't hurt you any has 11 It 1 was one ono of ot Darrows Darrow's last 1 questions BIBLE D LJ IX IN EVIDENCE I The rhe only other student placed on tho the stand by b tho state slate was Harry Shelton Shellon 17 who was in a I biology class taught by Scopes Ho lie was excused after a 1 few te questions Ho lie testified te he ho was taught that thal all forms of f life began with single cells K F E E. Robinson chairman of the school board said Scopes call callin al 1 in his presence every teacher la In lathe Inthe the tho stae using Hunters Hunter's biology biolo y text was violating the law Tho Tha discussion ending in the tho arrest of ot Scopes was started darted in Robinson's Robinsons ns n's drug store On examination crow he ho said he sold the tho books in hla store During DurIn Robinsons Robinson's stay on tho the stand portions of the tho text book placed in evidence were road read into the record as were ere tho the first tint two chapters of Genesis When the th Bible King KIn James JamM version was offered In evidence by the state Arthur G G. Hays fo for forthe the defense fe e objected t to Its ad ad- admission admission g mission on the ground that t h Tennessee statute Coes oes iu not t suT suf- Sll sufficiently Identify Identity the Bible In that tha portion of the act prohibiting prohibiting- the teaching of any theory that At d nies the story of the tho divine creo crea- creation tion of man as taught In the Bible Dible The defense counsel In In- In Insisted slated there are arc Hebrew and Ito Ho- Homan Roman Itoman man Catholic Bibles and many versions of protestant Bibles The objection was overruled over 00 00 |