Show t b I Q Qi S i fa fau u Why Some Are as Alike as r e k t Two Peas and Others Are tip yr v vas A Aa A As Aft A AI A II a A X U as Different Mentally L and PS II ft 1 CI CI CIas C Cal CalC C Morally Physically f Yo e as Mach From r 4 w o Y 11 M 0 i r White ga s 7 z y Ai 1 nw t a aj at j t G t I to Is wi N II as ast The Farmer twins say ir N NA A f r they were born with Very interesting dla diagram ram from the the bowing howing how science believes believe twin twins and v var ar the tho dividing and doubling of the human huni produce an se ordinary baby with wath two rath few if any other subjects sub sub- PROBABLY P connected with nth human life arc are of greater interest to sCIence than that of twins And the more science science ence finds out about them the tho more moro It itis IS puzzled by the many strange problems presented by the manner of their origin and development Twins donot donot nC nei show a close resemblance mentally morall morally and phys phys- physically phys physically They nay may be very unlike in all these respects even een when 11 living lining mg in pre pre- precisely pre precisely the same environment or they may be very like each cach other in one or ort two t 0 respects and quite unlike in regard to tho the rest The fact that that in spite spite pf of all tho the in m in- in influences influences of environment some twins are areas areas areas as alike as two peas and others are arc as different as black from white leads to the belief that their resemblance or lack of resemblance is very largely due to the heredIty the result remit of fundamental changes undergone by the germ from which they sprang at the tho time the twin tIn twinning t In ning process began According to Professor Horatio Hack Hack- tt att tt Newman of the University of Chi Chicago cago one of the la latest t scientists to make an exhaustive study of twins tWInning IS the result of something more than a 11 amere e mere extra division of the fertilized egg celL celLI I He lie thinks it involves a radical change m what he calls the developmental b be- be behavior havior bi-havior havior of a number of groups of cells These groups not only subdivide and separate but regenerate begin re regenerate begin to de- de develop de develop in an entirely newa new a way The program of their development Professor Newman believes is reorganized reorganized reorganized in m relation to new median lines lilies or of planer of symmetry and the result IS that two individuals are der developed eloped from the germ genn the cells compose instead of one One of the largest and most interest Interest- Interesting interesting ing tag assemblages of twins the world has ever eer seen was that which gathered not long ago in a New York theater The press agent of a musical comedy whose plot dealt with the romantic adventures ad- ad adventures ad adventures ventures of hi twin in girls thought it would be a good way w y to advertise the productIOn production production tion by announcing that all twins would be admitted free to a certain matinee Nearly one hundred pairs of twins ac- ac accepted accepted ac accepted the mutation invitation besides twenty twenty five five or thirty odd dd twins twine whose hose mates were dead or separated from them in m some other way With the twins to the theater that afternoon came many scientists who welcomed the opportunity to observe at close range so many twins twine of different ages and nationalities and degrees of like like like- likeness likeness ness or unlikeness It was WIlS perhaps the first time hat a theatrical press agent agents agent's stunt ever proved of real service to sCIence Among the scientific experts on the subject of twins twine who attended this mati mati- matinee matinee matinee nee was Albert Edward Wiggam and in ina ina ina a recent issue of The Journal of Hered Hered- Heredity Heredity ity he gives an Interesting account of othe the observations and discoveries he made Such an array of duplicate human beings probably never before was assem assem- assembled assembled bled bled says Mr Wiggam The Tho writer himself a twin sat Bat where he could ob ob t serve the audience To see faces apparently identical scattered in pairs allover all over the auditorium moving laughing or lilt sit ting at attention in iu what appeared to be b precisely the same attitudes laughing In Inthe inthe Inthe the same tamo key their faces furrowed farrowed and wrinkled in the tho same same lines at every ex- ex expression ex expression of emotion was a unique experience ence enee When after the performance the nearl nearly one olIO hundred pairs pain pair of twins and several odd ones were assembled on the th stage for fOl fOla fora fora a group group photograph it was noticed that almost aU all II the identical twins spontaneously spontaneously spon- spon spontaneously disposed themselves in very similar attitudes while those who were Y plainly unlike stood or sat eat differently f At this twin matinee nearly all aU the Sk pairs were what is b known as Identical twins individuals individuals so 50 nearly alike that It is la difficult dl cult to tell ten them apart TheY Thet The t sg g ga f Y J rt L American Journal of Anatomy Iou freaks freel are ro developed through germ The doubling sometimes er malar du sides ide and sometime two complete twi twi-r twi Between these thee two extremes extreme come Sa Sic Sie-me Sie mess mee e twins twin two headed mon mono monsters monitor ter etc The diagram Illus nine different ways way way In which the he doubling process may tart start t rt and the different stages ta el between betwee single ingle individuals individual cod aad perfect twin twins y 3 their little m in n tern ter terr locked all as II shown own m in i I r t t this h IS photograph photo grap h hm rw r eke h rl s r r I Jr f t ts s tX S i ie e z f fk k C a 4 x xi w i The left palms palm of the seventy twins twin shown howo on 00 the left Note Nate iN 72 r nos that was wa present at birth aa i is s P and very similar after more than rough stones These Thee twin dry t brothers are aro so 0 remarkably W a I Ar A a b l sF ao RI RIf f x e s alike alake in voice mender end and endY Y vt o appearance that their em r t sf ikA A P and children Often frA u cant can't tell which u a whisk In sprat last r i their old ale age their physical CAVITY A f energy and the chara- chara rr M d g s v tic hc movements of theIr bodies a 1 r are probably almost D as near 4 ly identical DI they were at g v- v n nv vA r as rth J I air v l S w Oro M ry 4 f t Ae A r i it t iP iPati ati r K Fr r tt t ti r 1 Ni sevi evi s r 6 4 J- J JI er a fr A Aate ate d 4 t J Jam am I r w i e ti F av r Diagram showing bowing bow how the fa amoni moos mono Siamese Sime e twins twin were joined together at the waist with one abdominal abdominal nal cavity c a v i t y in inc com common o m mOD m o 0 and why it was WAI wa hope hope- less le Ie for the ur sur- surgeon ur- ur geon to try to cut them apart A great majority of twins seem to be beof beof beof of t this his type Over t h reG- reG r e o-f o c fourths of the thousands thousands of pairs with whom Mr Wiggam has corresponded are very much much alike ahke A similar percentage holds true i WIth the members members ers of the Twin cl clubs u b s in Berkeley Calif and Omaha One of the interesting facts facia which Mr Wiggam has haD established as a result of his long and painstaking study of t twins Ins Insi i it that tho more closely they resemble each other in lD appearance the greater the fondness they show for each other As Ashe Ashe Ashe he points out what a boon it would be to the world it of this same principle could be made to apply to husbands and wives It can be Imagined says Mr Wig Wig- Wiggam Wig Wig-g gam m that if through Inbreeding and mating husbands and wives should ever become as nearly alike ahke In up make-up as some ome of these twins are the divorce courts coutte would be forced out of business Perhaps the most interesting of the twins Mr Wiggam and tho the other tints had the opportunity to observe and study at the New York theater matinee were the Farmer Fanner brothers aged seventy seventy eight eight Each of the Farmer Fanner twins says Mr Wiggam had an unusual configuration In the palm of his left lett hand the remark remarkable able likeness of which is scarcely re- re revealed re by the photographs The They grew up as hard bard working boys handling stones and rough material and from early life have been stone masons having followed this craft for more than sixty two years years two human generations generations- yet these rough environmental proud procedures ures urea especially applied to the palms of 4 t x C These twin f sisters remained e very much alike a i after they grew up and married although they F were separated at an early age and raised in t 1 t r widely different environments tb b t i iv iY ir fY t v Y r v l fe aJ J Jr r M Mr MI r I asp r s fir i it iL v iv L t ss s's r r tt The De Mar Sisters who amaze a science ence by their remarkable similarity in height we weight ht habits habib tastes tute hair and eye color likes bikes and dislikes the hands bands have not prevented an almost parallel development of these physical characters A small all mole over the lid of the tho left eye in each twin has persist persisted ed since birth When placed behind a screen several persons were not at all sure saro that they could distinguish their voices Their chil ehll children children dren and workmen have always got gotthem gotthem gotthem them confused At seventy-eight seventy their thell physical energy as exhibited by a II long walk which the writer took with them and their movements are afe probably al- al almost al almost most as nearly identical now BOW as when they were wen born r r saw sawA A f sY noT g i from rom The i n Journal of 01 I by by permission i iThe The The Farmer li t twins win s related pw that on one oct oc oc- oc occasion t casion cation one was in New York and the other in New Orleans Suddenly the New York twin became very much distraught and stated to friends that his brother was in great danger and needed him badly This anxiety continued for pre pro precisely precisely four days and as suddenly disappeared Information later de developed lo ed that during these four days the New Or- Or Orleans Orleans Or Orleans leans twin twin wm had been on a ship in a storm on the Gulf Gult of Mexico in hourly danger of going down down This experience is of particular interest in con con- connection con connection with some of the experiences of the Thom Thorn Thomson son twins who were also alao also also- at this memorable matinee and who have been studied by some lome of o England's most noted scientists Daring the war says say Mr Wiggam the Thomson twins went through great separate experiences They fought in indifferent indifferent indifferent different branches of the service Both Were wounded and nd one was gassed And they lay in separate hospitals for many months Thc They related that both in their own opinion and feelings and In the judg judge judgement judgment ment meat of their friends these profound experiences had worked a change in their personalities and even physical appear appear- appearance appearance ance ance so w that hat they thea are not Dot quite so w machi much mach i- i i alike as before This accords with the tho suggestions of Galton F r A Woods and others that very ery great changes in the en- en environment en environment especially extreme physical illness or trying experiences w ill III work a 11 change in the moral and mental behavior However they are still so similar that Sir Oliver Lodge has frequently enter enter- entertained entertained them for the observation of scientific men and they stated that he had llad recently offered them for their heads to holp help him demonstrate telepathy telepathy athy Since they would often make the same sIde remark simultaneously in the midst of other conversation or recall some Borne simi sun similar lar memory or express simultaneously the same desire and would give almost Identical answers to questions when when hen in separate rooms Sir Oliver laid this this to telepathy Did bid the different experiences which the shocks of war brought make the tho originally very similar Thomson twins twinsa as a unlike as the English scientists think think Perhaps so and yet there arc are numerous instances of twins who were very wry simi simi lar lar at birth and who have remained simi simi- similar similar lar in spite of the tho fact that they were separated at an early age and reared roared in widely different environments One such case ease is is th that Lt of the sisters one ono of whom now lives In Alaska and the other in Saskatchewan Canad t Mr Wiggam has been in correspondence WIth these twins twine and one of them writes him as follows My sister and I were not raised to together to together gether gather and have not seen very m much much cb of each other but for all that we have al always ways WIlYS been very fond of each other slid and andare andare are as alike like as III two peas in a pod We look alike act alike talk alike alike- alike and talk is the tha main thing we do when together We seem to catch each others other's Ideas perfectly and and often both start to say the same slime thing at at the same samo time My sister married quite young u MT- MT o it eight year old Farmer the unusual 41 id d is I i tall sell till well defined fifty I years year of handling masons tools look and I eral years before I did We were ra raised d dunder under entirely different environments Our mother father separated when we were four tour years years of age and my sister ister was raised by a friend of my mothers mother's people who has lias no children of her own Consequently she was raised as an only child while Iwas I was one of a 11 large family of children my mother hav hay having I ing mg married again agam We had seen each other only once before my twin sister came to live he WIth us for a year at lit the age of fifteen and ami we were ere surprised to see how much alike we weere were ere our tastes being all but the same in dress and manners so that even our mother would often mistake mistake us This would seem to be very convincing eVIdence that environment can do little or nothing to make twins more like or unlike than the forces of heredity origl originally nally made them It is strengthened by bythe bythe the case of Mrs Irs X Y and her twin sister who were ere born unlike and remained un tin unlike like in spite of all aU the efforts of similar enVIronment to mold them into a common commOD pattern One is 13 a blonde the other a brunette one ono slender the other plump Practically Practically cally the only points of physical resemblance resemblance blance they have arc their small hands and feet Wo We lived together until we were ere v one 1 twenty one years old writes Mrs X and n never nr r have agreed on any subject Yet Vet we never quarreled and andere were ere insop inseparable arable chums until our school days were over in spite of occasional hair pulling when ahn h n we were children My sister has no aversions that I know blow of while I lose all control of myself my myself self if a bee buzzes around due to a fright in childhood I think We have always done well in school I was always the pest and my sister the pet of our classes She studied hard and andI I didn't but all our marks were good and alike except for deportment My sisters sister's marks were especially fine in history geography etc while I shone in botany physiology algebra musIc and English She used to have nightmare over geometry until her doc doc- doctor doctor doe tor tor had her drop it it Nothing ever wor worried ned ried me We Wn haven't even a family resemblance blance My sister resembles my mothers mother's sIde lido wholly holly and I my fathers father's side wholly No one will believe |