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Show or i p., - IMPORTANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF VARIOUS NATIVE NUT TREES grow a variety of corn that develops a long, tight shuck. Newly harvested small grain should not be stored unthrashed for any length of time, as In this condition It Is very susceptible to Infestation. If promptly thrashed and stored In deep bins, only a thin layer on top of the bin Is likely to become Infested. Corn may be stored In the shuck If the husk Is long and tight and fully covers the tip, but all ears with loose, broken, short or damaged husks should be shucked and stored separately. Avoid Dirty Bins. Clean grain should never be stored In old bins, granaries or storehouses until they have been thoroughly cleaned and freed from the accumulations accumula-tions of waste grain and other . materials ma-terials harboring grain Insects. Bags of all kinds that have previously previous-ly held grain should not be allowed In granaries or warehouses or be refilled until they have been sterilized or otherwise oth-erwise freed from Insects. The use of tight cribs will keep the grain free from Infestation by insects that might fly In from the outside. Copies of the bulletin may be had free upon application to the department depart-ment at Washington. 5H5HSHSH5H5H5HS2S2SH52SZ5JES5H5ZSi It has been practiced for a long time by fruit growers to Increase the value of seedling trees and trees of inferior, varieties, and owners of nut trees are now adopting the method. Vhe steps to be taken are: (1) The selection of trees, taking Into account the things Just mentioned; (2) the choice of varieties to be used, and the making sure of scions or bud sticks at the proper time; (3) the cutting back of the tops during the latter part of the dormant period or very early in the spring; (4) the actual process of grafting or budding; and (5) the subsequent care of the new growth. Cutting Back the Tops. In cutting back the tops preparatory to budding or grafting, certain rules should be rigidly followed : (1) No cut should be made where a limb is more than six Inches In diameter, and a limit of three Inches is preferred; (2) all cuts should be made so they will heal of themselves if, by chance, they receive no further attention; (3) cuts should be made In late winter while the trees are still dormant, or, at the latest, Just before the leaves appear; (4) cuts should always be made slightly above a bud, which will assure as-sure renewal In case the graft should fail. Grafting may be done by the common com-mon cleft method or the slip-bark method. The former is usually employed em-ployed when the tree is still dormant and the latter at any time during the growing period, but the scions used must always be dormant, and as scions In that condition are seldom available after the first of April neither, method is of much interest Just now. It is now too late to top-work top-work trees this season, but those that have been cut back and small trees that may be budded without cutting back may be left until late summer or autumn, so that scions (then called bud sticks) of the better varieties may be obtained and buds from them Inserted In-serted In the bark of the new shoots. Specially devised tools for removing remov-ing the buds from the bud sticks and for removing pieces of bark of identical identi-cal size from the stock are on the market. Several are illustrated In Farmers' Bulletin 700, Pecan Culture, which contains much information of Interest to nut propagators, and which may be obtained by writing to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, Washing-ton, D. C. Budding by the "patch bud" method may be done at any time when the bark of the stock slips readily. On trees of rapid growth the bark will slip at almost any time in the summer. On young trees not cut back budding may he done in the first half of the growing season, whereas new shoots grown from below cut-off tops should be of sufficient size for budding during the latter half of the season. Dry spells frequently cause the bark to tighten, but rains will loosen it later. The season or budding bud-ding sometimes extends until the trees begin to gfi dormant. During the latter lat-ter half of the season buds may be selected from those formed at the base of the present season's growth. Most of them will remain dormant until the following spring. DAMAGE DONE TO GRAIN BY MOTHS Insects Can Be Destroyed by Use of Heat or by Fumigation Fumiga-tion With Poisonous Gases. CARBON DISULPHID IS BEST jy Exercising Proper Precautions Infestations In Field Can Be Reduced Re-duced Thoroughly Clean Old Bins and Granaries. Prepared by the United States Department ot Asrlculture.) Most of the damage done by Insects to grain In storage and shipment is due to four species, the granary weevil, the rice or black weevil, the lesser grain borer or Australian weevil, and the An-goumols An-goumols grain moth, according to Farmers' Bulletin 1260, "Common Grain Pests," prepured by E. A. Back and R. T. Cotton and Just published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Ag-riculture. Others of the 40 species or groups of species described In the bul-Jetin bul-Jetin can cause great damage if storage conditions are unusually favorable for their Increase. Remedial measures are mentioned only briefly In the bulletin. The Insects, In-sects, It Is said, can be destroyed by the use of heat, or by fumigation with poisonous gases. A temperature of Tip End of Ear of Corn Showing , Round Holes in Kernels Made by the Angoumois Grain Moth. 120 degrees to 130 degrees, Fahrenheit, maintained for a short time, will kill all stages of grnin-lnfestlng Insects, without injury to . the germinating qualities of the grain. Carbon disul-plild, disul-plild, carbon tetrachlorid and hydrocy-jinlc-acld gas are the funiigants In most common use today .In treating Infested grain. Of these, carbon disulphld Is the best for treating grain in the bulk, it is said. Information on this subject Is contained in other publications of the department. Prevent Infestation. Infestation of grain in the field cannot can-not be entirely prevented, but, by proper precautions, it can be reduced to a minimum, the bulletin points out The first generation of Insects in the maturing grain is usually small, and if the grain is cut as soon as ripe, threshed as soon as dry, and then placed In clean, deep bins, the damage from this source will be slight. It Is when the grain is left In the field long after it is ripe that serious Infestation results, for the Insects Increase In-crease In one or two generations to enormous numbers. In the case of corn in the field, only ears damaged through carelessness In shucking, so that the kernels are exposed, are subject sub-ject to the attack of grain Insects. Farmers should therefore,- it Is said, E5aSM5H5HSZ5HSE525HS252SE52SSS25H5a (Prepared b7 the United States Department of Agriculture.) Native nut trees, such as the black walnut and members of the hickory group Including the pecan, have a potential po-tential value not generally realized. Aside from the well-known value ot the timber of the walnut In the making mak-ing of furniture, gun-stocks, and airplane air-plane propellers, and of the white hickories In the manufacture of automobile auto-mobile wheels, tool handles, and many other articles, and even of pecan wood In its variety of uses, particularly for harness hames, these trees, when rightly selected and placed, form most attractive ornamentals. But, In addition addi-tion to these uses, which alone are of enough Importance to Justify the careful care-ful preservation of existing trees and the planting of others, they have an economic value In the nuts produced. These native nuts, even though uncultivated un-cultivated and unimproved, and, perhaps, per-haps, inferior In shell thickness and cracking quality, are preferred by many to any of the cultivated kinds from Europe and Asia. Nut Crop Adds to Income. On muny American farms by-products or small crops make important additions to the Income, and In many localities nut trees planted about the farm buildings, along the highways, or In other unoccupied spaces, or old trees that have been left In the clearing clear-ing away of the original forest, are depended upon to add noticeably to the bank account. Forward-looking farmers want to make their trees produce pro-duce the best nuts and In the greatest possible quantity. First of all, every tree Intended to bear nuts In quantity needs ample space, 60 feet being none too great an Interval between trees of equal rate of growth, and larger trees, unless on the shady side, should be 100 feet apart. A fertile soil that Is reasonably reason-ably moist Is best for nut trees, well-drained well-drained clay loam being the most desirable. de-sirable. Variety is next in importance to soil and location. Experienced observers i i Well Developed Black Walnut, Highly Prized for Its Ornamental Value and the Nuts It Produces. know that nut frees tlo not .orue true to seed, and that the only way to reproduce a variety or an Identical type Is by grafting or budding, as is done with apples, peaches, pears, and other fruits. Nurseymen In the northern north-ern part of the country are now propagating propa-gating several varieties of black walnuts, wal-nuts, pecans, hickories, and butternuts by these methods, but due to the fact that active Interest began only r. decade de-cade ago, none of these varielies has been given much opportunity to demonstrate its usefulness as a money-crop producer. However, several sev-eral varieties are promising. Mature native trees that are well situated may be made more valuable by top-working. By "top-working" is meant the replacing of the original top with a new top of another variety r& Jt .... -nm Second-Growth Black Walnut Trees, Well Spaced to Permit Nut Production. Produc-tion. Prevents Hog Cholera. Best for Hog Pasture. Sanitation In the hog lot prevents Alfalfa, clover and rape seem to tx cholera. the best crops for bog pasture. |