Show BOLIVIA'S 1 ANCIENT RUINS RU I I f r 1 f r 9 r 1 4 Gateway of the Sun In the Ruins of Prepared by the tho National Geographic Society D D. C C. OLIVIA has hns some of the oldest BOLIVIA ruins the highest navigable Ii lake lalie and one of the ol oldest est most re ered revered shrines In the Western hemIsphere h On a pilgrimage to those historIc treasures one must board a crowded car on the Guaquil train isLa is In La Paz Par and clImb behind an electrIc locomotive e some 1400 feet to tine the rim rimor or of that huge bowl which holds the thc pIcturesque capital city From there the road leads leatIs westward toward huanacu Lake Copacabana anti nna the Islands of the Sun and Moon 1 The village of Is sItuated situated sItu sItu- near the ruins of the ancIent city ot of which according to most chroniclers and Indian historians historian did not bear that name durin during the SpanIsh conquest nor even en while the Incas were masters of the district Itis It ItIs Is generally agreed that Is n a denomInatIon bestowed only a few hundred years ago On what may have been the true hIstory of ruins one speculates hates lates fruitlessly for Its carvings and Its characters have ha never been read with certainty To attribute the structures structures tures to or Quichua peoples races of yesterday esterday Is Incorrect The fhe Armora tongue Is the Sanskrit of America antI and even eyen older than Tin Tia huanacu but the A mar race itself conquered by the language and taking name from it It Is far nr younger considered It seems wet wel established establish ell that the ancient city now situated on a spacIous plain some 13 mIles from Lai Lac c once stood on the shores of a southern bay of the lake lale for or north of oC the ruins ns exIst traces of a harbor mole Lake apparently having receded In inthe the course of the centurIes Inns has been judged the product of two distinct and successive I cIvilizatIons the latter suppose supposedly l reconstructing reI re- re I constructing to s sane lle extent ruins left by nn an earlier people Some investigators Investigators In- In attrIbute the reconstruction work to the lie whose descendents descend descend- now dwell In the regIon hut but the latter have ha no traditIons or legends about such builders much less o 01 the prImitIve preceding c civilizations Dr Belisario Diaz Romero formerly director of the National Museum or of Bolivia ln thinks tse e must seek for the orIgIn of the primitive e In on an ancIent Andean race or of Mongo Iono bid source the predecessors or con on contemporaries temporaries of the thc predecessors of the founders or of tine the Mayan Ia nn civilization In Central AmerIca The re of the present Indian to the Asiatic Mongols Is startling star star- Indians of Type Tine The Quichua peoples are identified b by many students of with tine the Tatar Mongols In hr nil all the south AmerIcan groups In Peru Chile Argentina and ancIent Colom bin bla and are of n a type chIefly cephalic The head Is large tile the a e broad and cheeks wide wIlle the nose Is large and salient but never ne sharp the e eyes es are small and usually black blud the lips thick Ordinarily they have absolutely no beard though the lighter and sometimes displays s 's n a wisp In the crease creuse of either cheek above e the mouth and perhaps n few fete guns hairs under the The neck Is short and thick the shoulders nuns nuns- save the chest deep The skin Is swarthy brown or coppery to dark durk olIve While hair on the face Is ul al- almost most Totally lacking the floe head bears haIr whIch Is black thick and strong The appears more robust than the tho A though sOll somewhat what shorter while his cheek check buries bones are more prominent his fore Core head Is s n a bit more protuberant and hIs skull oblong There are man many indications that lint two veer cy different civilizatIons succeeded each other at ancient Many of the worked stones are only halt half finished which indu the b e lIet that some great catastrophe natural or otherwise compelled the workmen n to leave lea them theIr tasks uncompleted The character or of the work denotes that the shamed half and scalp tuned turo I sto stores es belon belong g to tine the second phase of history Statues Staples and monoliths are nrc not o of the same rock rol materials nor of the style st lc Great same artistic C or monoliths nn an normous quadrangle II to 10 th Ie Ier e east ewt fir of the present village r 08 ns ar r s stone one tables generally consisting of three or four large flat fiat atones covered co with another Dother a and d tar larger larg- larg er one like a fable supported by Its legs are found In J many places places- about this region but more especially near the shores of Lake Lale and upon Its many islands May Be Tomba of Heroes These may be the remains of what I once were tombs of heroes anti and notables not not- ables to whom the thc tribe wished t to I r ay y tribute The They are similar In ance to those seen In Denmark Germany Ger Ger- Germany many France and other European c countries Covered Co galleries wIth their openings alwa always s 's toward the rising ris- ris In ing sun or to the north are occasional occasional- l Iy y found In the tofu Jow hills near the Tia Tia- ruins Other features of these monuments are tine tile great statues hewn out ot of the raw stone representIng heroes and divinities a class of sculpture said tobe to tobe be entirely lacking among European ruins of comparable culture Bolivian investigators have ha desIgnated designated by theIr various names tine the different sections or of tine the ruins That nearest the Ia Paz railway rail rail- way tracks entering Is called n a great mill hill suggestive of the creatIons ot of our ancient North orth American mound builders It r rises ses sesto to a height of about feet teet The base Is an irregular parallelogram with the four sides duly placed toward the tour four cardinal points The side sidewalls sidewalls walls about 4 feet by feet Ceet were made of huge joined rectangular ro rocks ks wIth smaller ones solidifying Ing the whole I but great quantities of the latter have haye been home borne away by the Indians for tor fences corner stones and horse ma- ma untIl the whole work has hns become be become come n a ruin of ruins A stairway once led to the upper tipper level where n a great basin of muter at r stood A part of the lie hill slopes near y have p been sO sOn sown n to graIn by thrifty Indian without sentIment r A canal of stone seems to have l led down the side of thIs mound for some purpose purpose not noL now clear and sections of the gra graystone stone trough conduits still exIst In short pIeces In one 0 of the ruins below r t Temple of the Sun North orth of ot a t et or less from Crom Its base lies what Is generally generall considered the oldest of the ruins a or Temple or of the lie Sun It Is r parallelogram about feet square marked on nil sides shIes by uprIght from 15 to 20 feet high bight his ruin rises from n single g ilk terrace about 10 feet teet above the lie surrounding surrounding sur- sur rounding which Is said to have been covered Ico entirely with smooth paving stones at one time J Monolith and statue bases base tops of l great grent pillars conduit conduct sectIons and pieces of doubtful origin still remain r here and there Pillars are deeply rooted In th the soil und and so cut and der de- signed s s to bear great slabs platforms plat plat- forms torms and arches rheY are from Crom 16 to io 20 fe feet t apart I 4 In the northwestern angle of Kalasa Kala Kala- sa a a. a the the Great Grent Portal oriel Sanctuary r or 01 Gateway or of the It Is variously vari known Is the most InterestIng InterestIng- single portion of thc lie ruins to the east of the village This famous amous door like Ikc others ot of TI huanacu was shop d from n sIngle block of gray Olca volcanic IC rock about lG 16 Inches thIck Stand erect It measures s some 11 b by 15 f and faces toward the east Its doorway measures 4 feet In height and lh In width ThIs surprIsIng facade Is wonderfully wonder wonder- tully fully ornamented In low relIef upon t the eastern side above the door The motif consists In general ot of n a figure g of L the Sun God tine the ra rays s about his head t sonic some or of which terminate In small 1 heads or of n a jaguar the j God or of Ight t and bearer of the moon In the sly sky In each ench hand hund the Sun God GOlt bears n a shaped hoe scepter lIe Ile Is flunked b by forty eight figures twenty twenty- tf four on a side consisting of three rows of ot eIght figures each ench about a i fourth his own size These figures all r face the god nr are running toward him In fact and carry irry small scepters sim- sim j to his z Upper and lower rows on either hand tJ rr bear the likeness of a winged man llIan nil all are crowned crowne alike being r rope rope- lIe lIe- r. r of n a single figure The Middle J row of figures on either sl conist In ing of If sixteen also n a repetition of one figure like the otherS other'S sate sa for the mead which ends In a 0 strong curved cur beak representing the lie condor rO royal II bIrd of the Andes Antles noW appearing on OD Bolivia's coat cont ot of arms arm |