Show TIE WHITE HINITt MINES MANS BURDEN f P 1 J 1 r j c IY r HAD a I r 3 J l s orl 1 r I I a II I I I i i t M y I 1 Wheat Take Wheat Take heat Take ti Him im Off and I Can C Carry arry the tle Rest T By By DR F F. F F. F KEMPTON KEMPTON In Charge of ot Barberry Era Eradication United States DeI DoI De- De I D t f Agriculture The white mim man has been referred to In speech and In verse as having one of the heavy burde burdens s of life to bear This burden rear ream or r fancied may be heavy but to the world It If In InO BO Downy O way way compares with the accumulated ed burdens borne by the farmer In the production of the wheat crop upon Which the world depends tor for Its staff of Df life If It the the- crop escapes bad weather weather- weather weather- cold old Ice fl flood 00 d hall bail frost drought or hot bot winds varIous winds various Insects may be lurking about to feed upon what what're- what're re re- mains Plant diseases in the form of smuts rusts rind mind scabs have taken Varying toll during past years but as asa asa a n rule th they y have been less fully understood un- un than the troubles from tr r or Insects Among these diseases are the loose smut stinking smut or bunt the stem black rust the leaf rust and the scab or blight Of all these the stem black-stem rust has taken the heaviest toll toU-In toU In the northern states Crom rom year to year and in years of rust epidemics It has caused appalling loss loss- es es Hope Is now held beld out to the wheat growers rowers of at the northern part of the United States tl that at the control of f stem black-stem rust Is possible by the eradication of common barberry I It Is Important that everyone should understand that the harmful barberry Is the tall green common European barberry and Its Its- purple variety and may be distinguished by the following follow follow- ing lug characteristics Usually It Is four to tob eix b feet tall though It may reach ten br pr even fifteen feet If the bushes are old The edges of the rather large leaves are toothed the teeth ending in small spiny points On the stems steins at atthe atthe atthe the base of each cluster of ot leaves ire are re three or more stout sharp spines The he light yellow flowers and red ber ber- berries berries ries are borne In long clusters like This bush or any that resembles resembles resembles re re- It closely is harmful and should be destroyed Japanese Variety Harmless In contrast to this tall bush there Is a low spreading barberry known as Japanese barberry which In some localities Is more widely planted than tho the tall taU or common barberry The Japanese barberry Is seldom over three feet tall and has small leaves with entire edges The spines on the stems ore are only one In a place The lowers flowers are ore borne singly or In twos The berries berries ber- ber ries rles are a dark red in color borne singly or In twos like gooseberries and have a thicker skin than those of the he common barberry This barberry barber barber- ry Is harmless a as It does not carry curry the stem rust and should not be de de- de- de If every property owner In the northern northern northern north north- ern wheat-growing wheat states of Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Michigan Minnesota Min Montana 1 Nebraska North Dakota Dakota Dakota Da Da- kota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin and Wyoming operate co-operate It will be possible to take this Old Man Ian of the Sea black stem black stem rust rusl off orr the shoulders shoulders shoulders ders of the wheat grower Every property property property prop prop- erty should be carefully examined for forthe forthe forthe the harmful barberry and all aU bushes found should be eradicated so that no roots remain to sprout No seedlings seedlings seed seed- lings should be allowed to grow near It t or under trees or bushes along fences or streams In brushy pastures or In any places where birds might carry the seeds In this way woy you help belp to Increase the p prosperity of yo your r community by Increasing the production production production tion of wheat and other othe grains and also help to supply more food for the whole world Further Information may bo he obtained from th the United States Department of Agriculture or your state agricultural college Wide Interest Shown In Work The Time wide Interest taken In the work of eradication has been evidenced by bythe bythe bythe the numerous requests received by the department during the past fiscal year ear for informational material for tor use In Inthe Inthe inthe the Infested areas Lack of funds has bas hampered somewhat the departments department's campaign against barberry It was able however to supply a large number number number num num- ber of posters bulletins circulars and other oilier matter for distribution A survey to locate bai bayberries berries was begun In the larger cities because of ot the better means for spreading Infer Infer- mation It was extended then to the towns so that now nearly all cities and towns having a population of over oyer have been surveyed An intensive survey of the entire rural area outside outside outside out out- side of the cities and towns has been begun begun- A very Important part of this survey survey sur sur- vey Is finding the escaped bayberries barberries which have started from seeds feeds dropped by birds In thickets and pastures Over Oer escaped bushes were found during the past year A total of al almost almost almost al- al most bushes was found In rural districts last year ear Records to date show that bush have been located and bushes t re Ie e- e moved |