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Show DAIRY AND romJPRZ INTERESTING CHAPTER8 TOR OUR RURAL READERS. fiVn l-uci'tMftt rattnm Oprat ThU n-rpurtment of th Firm A Feir UlnU to tin Car of Lit Stock nd ronltry, flaard tlio Milk SapptT- At this time it Is particularly neces-ary neces-ary for all to guard tho purity ot the milk supply. Especially Is this advice applicable to all that aro producing milk for use In tho great cities. Recently Re-cently n representative of the Farmers' Farm-ers' Review called on an army surgeon located at Fort Sheridan. The surgeon called special attention to the fact that many of tho returned soldiers bad been, or were, now sick with typhoid fever at their homes in tho country, Tho well water in such cases is almost sure to become contaminated, and it not the well water, then tho germs aro moro than likely to get into utensils used in tho handling ot milk. These germs live In tho ground for years, and during all of that time aro constantly moved from tholr first positions by rains and drouths, being driven through the soil by the lateral move ment of capillary water and othcrwlso. In this way It may tako vcars for them to progress from a sower or vault to the drinking water, but sooner or later they find their way Into the liquid that is used for all purposes and then multiply mul-tiply for work. All drinking water should bo under suspicion, and should be boiled. All milk used In tho households should be pasteurized. Tho cans In which milk is to bo sent to the cities and creameries cream-eries should be purified at least by boiling and by steam If possible. It we are to make war on dlscaso germs we must begin with dairy products and dairy surroundings. Very often a well has been tho means of spreading typhoid ty-phoid fever through a wholo community, commun-ity, sometimes taking off several members mem-bers from a single household. This occurs often with wells that aro bo-lleved bo-lleved to bo pure. When such a woll becomes contaminated it not only threatens Its Immediate neighborhood, but many other communities. Wo will suppose that such a well is used for the washing of cans and other utcnBlls employed in the dairy. Tho milk is sent In the cans to tho creamery and tho milk is thero mixed with milk from a hundred other farms. Tho skimmed milk Is returned to tho farmers, farm-ers, and tho cream is made up Into butter to bo sent into a thousand homes. In this way tha dlscaso germs aro carried Into the homes of the mnny. Dlscaso breaks out and the physicians are utterly unablo to traco it. It is called mysterious. The dairy Is especially to be looked after for the reason 'that dairy products prod-ucts aro consumed largely In an un cooked stato. Dirt and carelessness in tho dairy aro responsible tor many ot the ills endured both by tho dairyman and the general public. Dirt In tho Dlrj. When is a dairy clean? The safest answer to this question lies In describing describ-ing when a dairy Is dirty, and dangerously danger-ously dirty, too, says Now York Former. Form-er. When woodwork in the dairy gives off a smutty, musty, fusty acid, rank, and spoiled buttery smell, it Is dirty. When tin vessels, such aa pails, cans, dippers, cups and skimmers, after aft-er being "thoroughly washed," give off a sourish smell, or show dark lines ot matter In tho folds and scams of tho tin, thoy nro dirty, and the dirt of Just such a sort, and In Juat such places, as to encourage tho bacteria In the nlr to drop down upon It, to crawl Into it, to feed upon it, and to multiply Jn It until they srarm In it and aro ready to launch themselves Into the milk put into thoso vessels. Whenjlho windows, walls, floors and flxturesln the dairy are unpleasant to the smell when the room Is warmed up, tboro Is dirt present, pres-ent, enough dirt to havo an effect upon the flavor and other qualities of the milk and ot tho butter mado from it When a vessel, from which milk Is removed, re-moved, shows a layer ot black Bodl-ment Bodl-ment in tho bottom, smelling with unpleasant un-pleasant suggestlveness of tho barnyard, barn-yard, thero Is dirt, plain, straight, unmistakable un-mistakable dirt there, dirt that is unpleasant un-pleasant to think ot as a component part of milk that Is to bo used by humans hu-mans as food. No dairy showing these things, In any degree, can really bo called "clean" or decently clean, or healthfully clean. Hardly any other occupation on earth makes Buch do-mnnds do-mnnds for cleanliness, and offers such difficulties in the work ot securing cleanliness, as tho milk and butter and choeso Industry, rrevcntlitff Texas Fever. "Tho trials under direction ot the Oklahoma Exporlmcnt Station, ot dipping dip-ping cattlo in the oil preparation pro-Bcrlbod pro-Bcrlbod by tho United States Department Depart-ment of Agriculture, showed that careful care-ful dipping would destroy all tho ticks. A varying percentage ot tho cattle had their skin injured by the oil, with considerable con-siderable irritation ot the oyes. Where the cattlo wero driven consldorablo dlstanco or exposed to storms soon after dipping, some of them died. The indications aro that it Is much safer to dip In warm rather than cold weather. In all cases the cattle should have good care and feed tor gome days after dipping. Driving on dusty roads is a chief cause ot injury to the eyes, 1 he results ot trials by the station of inoculating northern cattlo with blood ot southern cattle wore unsatisfactory. unsatis-factory. In most cases thoy contracted contract-ed southern or Texas fover, sometimes with fatal effects. The Indications aro that the cattle recovering were at least partially Immune, but the apparent Inability In-ability to control results with our present knowledgo makes it not advisable advis-able to recommend this method ot preventing loss. FaUe Iteporte "From time to time our attention Is colled to some publication or some article ar-ticle In some paper recounting tho lm-manse lm-manse profits to be made In the poultry poul-try business by amateurs. Ono would supposo that tho only thing necessary to great wealth would be to buy a tew hundred eggs and got them hatched In somo way. The rest would bo easy, Not long ago we saw a book on bow to muko fBOO In a i-ingle year from an investment of $12. The absurdity will bo apparent to every poultry raiser. Yet there are people that are gulled by Buch publications It Ib easy onough to figure ono's Belt rich by means of eggs. We have all read about the Oriental who became great by that means great in hU Imagination. Ho had a basket of eggu for salo In tha market place. Lacking trade, ho went to figuring on what fee might do It he hatched tho eggs. Mvery egg would produce a chick, every chick would lay so many eggs, every egg ot tho now product would produce another chick, and aoon tho man owned millions of hens in his imagination. In fancy ho becamo bo great that he demanded the daughter of the sultan in marriage. Then, said ho: "When I have married her I will show how great la my power and will kick hor this -wayl" So saying say-ing he gave such a vigorous kick that be hurled the eggs far from him and broko them all. Too often the dreams ot the amateur fall aa completely. Un-hatched Un-hatched chickens aro not countable. Only by actual experience can success suc-cess bo mado In poultry raising. False reports are Bent out only by peoplo thnt expect to deludo tho Inexperienced. Inexpe-rienced. Tho raising ot chickens Is no easy matter, and making a profit from them Is about as hard as to make a profit from any other Investment. Tho one great advantago possessed by the poultry business is that It docs not re-qulro re-qulro a large Investment of capital to begin with, aud tho capital Is soon turned over. Largo Flock. Thero nro but fow, If any, very largo flocks whero 600 or 1,000 hens are kept, says Philadelphia Record. Farmers aro disposed to glvo tho cow tho preference, leaving poultry lo tho fetnalo members ot tho family, yet keeping cows involves moro labor than is required for poultry, and fowls can be mado moro profitable In proportion propor-tion to capital Invested or required than larger stock If farmers will give poultry special attention as a business, but all largo stocks must bo started on tho farm with healthy and vigorous pure breeds, four or fivo years being necessary to havo tho flock to tho full limit In number, for the reason that If they are purchased In largo numbers num-bers the fowls must be procured from many different places and tho result will bo disease and llco. It is this starting with largo nurabors of pur- chased birds that baa caused so much disaster to enterprises of thnt character. char-acter. The farmer who will gradually gradual-ly Incrcnso bis flock until ho has several sev-eral hundred, and who raises his young stock from selected parents, will have an opportunity for observation observa-tion and deriving experience as his flocks grow. Iu tho winter season, when bo many farmers aro anxious to utlllzo tholr labor, tho management of a largo flock should bo very remunerative, remuner-ative, and as tho returns for egg and poultry are cash, and frequent, lesa capital will bo required than some other enterprises. Tho fowls contribute con-tribute dally. FUror In Hatter. Thero is nothing more true than that tho flavor that buttor contains determines to a great extont tho price tho consumer Is willing to pay for it, says Indiana Farmer. Strictly "gilt edge" farm butter or private dairy butter commands a good prlco and there are moro would-bo customers than can bo supplied. Twenty-five and thirty cents per pound for butter of delicate aroma is a very common price, but the maker ot Just "ordinary" "ordi-nary" butter never receives It. It is true that the fine flavor of butter is produced In many different ways. And wo would add, tho poor flavor of butter but-ter Is also produced in many different ways. Some of tho causes aro boyond tho housewife's ability to prevent. If, for instance, she has been making sweet, desirable butter from cows tod on clean, sweet hay, oats and corn and other such articles ot diet, sho can-Hot can-Hot prevent the utterly distasteful flavor ot her butter when thoso cowl tave been turnod upon ryo pasture nnd left to teed thore day after day. II sbo has buttor customers she is very apt to drop thom. It she doeB not they will soon bo excusing thomgelve from taking longer. (Selection. What selection can do tor a flock is shown by tho oxporlenco of Wyck-oft, Wyck-oft, of Now York state, who by selecting select-ing tho best layers among his flock ot Leghorns for Bovcral years, got bli whole flock of six hundred up to an average of one bundrod and nlnety-slx eggs per hen a year. Bays Massachusetts Massachu-setts Ploughman. This Is an extremely extreme-ly high average for bo many hens on ono farm. It means hotter than an egg every other day for every hen the year round. Not only In spring and summer, but through the moulting season, through tbo dead ot winter, and through the times when honl naturally take for sitting or for raising rais-ing their brood, even for a small flock, the record would bo unusually good. No amount ot care with ordinary fowls would mako them do as well on a large scalo. Here Is an object lesson which tends to show that breeding breed-ing and selection will yet do tor hons wuat tno same agencies havo done for other kinds ot live stock. Winter Caro of Colts. Providing feed und shelter tor tho colts during winter in order that they may continue to grow nnd be kept In thrifty, vigorous vigor-ous condition will glvo thom whon grown so much better size, form and quality than the rango grown horse possesses that it will prove a profitable Investment ot labor, feed ana money, Dut It has another and valuable advantage. ad-vantage. Tho young Btock that is cared car-ed for In this way becomes accustomed to tho presenco ot man and to a certain amount ot handling which will muko the trouble ot breaking them and the danger ot Injuring them while being broken much less than in tho case ol horses that have been raised entirely on tho range. Ex. Milk Poisoning. A caso ot milk poisoning in Utica, N, Y., was traced first to tho doalcr, whose milk cans were found to bo clean, Thon the health officer looked up tho farmer who supplied tbo dealer, and found his cans In a most filthy condition, looking, look-ing, ho said, as If they had not been cleaned for a weok. This Is another tact to indicate the value of tho scrupulous scru-pulous cleanliness In tho handling ol milk. Another case, traced to the same cause, was that which occurred at Camp Eaton, Island Lake, Mich., whero a nurabor of soldiers wero mado violently 111 from drinking milk taken fiom cans In every ono of which do-composed do-composed milk was found In (he ecnmi and cruvlccr ot the cans. Ex. |