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Show FAHM AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AamcuLTunisTs. (one Cp-lo-Dat Hints About Cat-tlvatloo Cat-tlvatloo of the Soil anil Tlflile Tlirtreof Horticulture, Vltleulture ant floriculture. Orchard! In llnrtt riacee. In an address before tho Wisconsin Btnte Horticultural Society, Geo. J. Kellogg said in part: In recommending tho best plan mast likely to succeed on low situations and poor orchard soil, I would go back to the foundation and plant four seeds of tho most hardy applo or crab known, such as Duchess and Hibernal or Virginia Vir-ginia crab, plant thcto In a woll prepared pre-pared spot whero tho future orchard tieo is to stand, protect by a bit of fenco board on tho southwest side, nnd so staked and cultivated that a good growth may bo secured; the first fall remove all but two of tho most vigorous vigor-ous seedlings, bank up for winter nnd if tho size la sufficient to carry a clon, tho following spring graft two inches below tho crown with Duchess, Hibernal, Hiber-nal, Chnrlamoff and Virginia crab for those kinds less hardy. If tho seedlings nro too small at ono year then continue contin-ue tho growth another season and graft, nt two years. The advantogo of grafting tho seedling seed-ling without transplanting Is to get tho benefit of tho wholo root and In no other way can tho full benefit bo obtained; ob-tained; grafting two Inches below ground will Insuro tho rooting of tho scion; using Virginia crab as a stock upon which nt two to thrco feet to graft, or bud In tho limbs, varieties which nro less hardy. Such varieties aS Duchess, Hibernal, Glass Green and a fow others may ho grafted nt tho ground. The grafts should bo shaded by a bit of board till largo enough to bo protected by tho lath Bhlold. Graft two seedlings, then remove one later on. Second plnn. Set two root grafts of short roots nnd long scions whero tho futuro orchard trco Is to stand; protect tho same as before; take up -the weakest weak-est If both grafts grow; always pruno tho growing tree when tho bud can bo removed with tho thumb; havo ono central cen-tral trunk and slda branches at right angles six to twelvo inches apart; stimulate tho trco to early growth but do not cultlvato after July, or causo moro than a moderate growth of wood each year. After trees como to bearing do not let them overbear, or starvo to death; a trco shpuld bo fed In proportion propor-tion to Its fruitage. Most old orchards nro starved to death. Tho best fertilizer fertil-izer for fruit Is bard wood ashes Bowed broadcast at tho rate of 100 bushels per ncro annually, I would recommend for hard places only Duchess, Hibernal, Qlasa Green, Charlamoff, McMahon, Wealthy, Itcpka Malcnka, Longdeld and Patton's drccnlng of apples, and nil but the first four top worked on Virginia Vir-ginia crab. Whitney, Virginia, Martha and Sweet Russet tor crabs. Apple scod must bo planted fresh from the apple In tho fall, or It dry, soaked till It Is plump, then frozen, mixed with sand and planted In spring. The 8an .lose Route. We fear our readers may become tired of seeing this heading In tho various va-rious farm papers, but we assure them thero is reason for a frequent mention of this pest. Wo know that somo men that have orchard stock to sell are trying to belittle tho danger, hut the danger exists In splto of tholr efforts to lull tho couutry Into a fancied security. secur-ity. Tho stato entomologist of California Califor-nia says that without doubt the San Joso scalo is tho greatest pest that has ever menaced the orchards of this country. In California It has become so prevalent that It is no longer considered consid-ered possible to cradlcato It. Tho only thing left to do Is to fight It In every orchard or-chard and try to grow fruit In spite of It. Spraying has only tho effect of keeping down tho generations of young ones when they make their appearance on the orchard trees In largo numbers. Dut in tho forests where the scale has got a foothold no spraying that will bo offectlvo can bo dono. This should jtlmulate tho horticulturists cast of tho Rocky mountains to do what thoy can to prevent the spread of tho scalo, knowing as wo do that once tho pest Is among our wild trees It will be impossible im-possible of extinction. Every stato should tako energetic measures to protect pro-tect its borders. We raise troops and spend millions to keep out foreign invaders in-vaders when they come in tho form of men. Why not spend money as freoly when It is necossary to repel an Insect Invasion? Tlio drain Weevil. A bulletin sent out from tho Indiana xperlment station says: Numerous Inquiries havo recently come to tho experiment station concerning a small Insect which is described as doing great damago to tho wheat In gran-tries. gran-tries. With ono exception no specimens speci-mens have accompanied the letters, but from tho descriptions given It is very evident that the Insect Is one of the grain weevils which commonly infest in-fest wheat stored In bins. One of tho most common of these Uttio beetles is Calandrla granaria, a small, dark reddUh snout beetle, which deposits Ha eggs upon tho grain. These eggs soon hatch Into small, footless larvao, that cat out the substance of tho kernels, and becomo full-grown In a fow weeks. Thoy then change to pupao and soon after again transform to adult beetles. Thero are several broods each season, so they may bo found at almost any tlmo during the summer and autumn. Wbllo there are soveral species of theso grain weevils, tho samo remedy will do for nil. As theso Insects penctrato all through the entlro bulk of grain, It is necessary to apply some suhstanco that is equally penetrating in Its nature. This Is found in carbon blsulphldo, which may be bad at any drug store. Tho vapor of this substanco Is very poisonous and will destroy nil insect lifo with which It comes in contact. This material ma-terial Is also very explosive whon brought in contact with flro. Keeping theso two points In mind it may be handled with perfect safety. In applying ap-plying tho material it Is well to keep in mind tho fact that it la very volatile vola-tile and quickly passes Into vapor, which diffuses Itself throughout the entire en-tire mass of grain, and as tho vapor Is heavier than air it will have a tendency ten-dency to settle. Dut tn order to In- sure perfect results it is bet to Introduce Intro-duce the material well tfuvvn toward tho middle of tho mass of grain by means of a gasplpe with a screen over the lower end, which will prevent tho wheat filling the plpo, and through which tho poison may bo poured. Tho plpo is then withdrawn. One pound of the blsulphldo Is sufficient for fifty bushels of grain. One application will bo sufficient unless tho grain Is to bo kept over winter, when a second application appli-cation may be necessary. Tho material ma-terial docs no harm to tho grain In any way, as tho poisonous fumes all pass away as soon as brought In contact con-tact with tho nlr outside. James Troop, Horticulturist. The flermiii Farmer. John E. Kehl, the United Stater consul con-sul nt Stottin, Germany, says that the American farmer enjoys great advantages advan-tages over tho German farmer In the way of modern labor-saving machinery, machin-ery, larger tracts of land, etc. As an offset to this, the German farms in a moro intensive way, and generally produces full crops. These facts, how-ovcr, how-ovcr, would not enable them to fight against depression If they did not receive re-ceive state aid and had not quite a perfect system of co-operation. At many of the old universities, such as Berlin, Gottengcn, Lelpsic, Hallo, Munich, Mu-nich, etc., there have boen founded nB-rtcultural nB-rtcultural colleges, and in all other colleges there are chairs of agri allure, al-lure, with professors to lecture on the subject, thus disseminating a valuable amount of practical scientific knowledge. knowl-edge. "Co'opcratlon," say tho Germans, "Is tho farmer's stronghold and bulwark." li-ero aro co-operative credit banks, co-opcratlva dairies, co-operative steam plows, and thero Is co-operation In drainage and Irrigation. As a rulo, tho farms aro devoid of small undergrowth, under-growth, stumps, stones, creeping vines, etc. Timber Is equally well cared for. In draining and Irrigating, tho farmers aro experts. At present a perplexing question Is how to stop or check the exodus of labor to tho cities, where wnges nro higher. Tho salaries paid farm laborers vary, but average 35 cents per day (DO cents during harvest), har-vest), with the uso of a small house, patch of ground (about one-half aero), nnd tho prlvllego of using tho implements imple-ments for cultivation of same. Slnglo men who board with their employer aro paid considerably less. The German Ger-man government Is endeavoring, both by legislation and education, to cnablo tho farmer to competo with his rivals. Stock on Wrstern Ranges. William Penn Anderson of tho railway rail-way bureau of llvo stock statistics. Union Stock Yards, Chicago, has Just completed n canvass of tho range cattle cat-tle of tho country for the Associated Press. Ho Bays along from southern Texas to northern Montana the grass on tho ranges, with tho exception of n few droughty spots In the fall, was excellent. An abundant hay crop was harvested, and a greater number of cattle In proportion will bo sustained throughout tho coming winter than ever before. Ho also says thero Is a wonderful Increaso in tho calf crop, as shown by tho records of "round-up" foremen on tho open ranges. The movement of cattle and sheep to feed lots and other eastern markets during dur-ing October is almost without parallel. There is a verltahlo stockcar famino in tho Rockies and lntcrmountaln states. Thero aro thousands of cattle cat-tle being held in close herd awaiting shipment. Varieties of Wheat. Tho Pennsylvania station has been testing wheats for more than ten years. Of thoso that were tested for eight years It says: For tho varieties tested eight years the averago yloid of tho first flvo Is as follows: Reliable, 32.70; Fulcastor, 32.10; Ontario Wonder, 31.19; Wyandotte Wyan-dotte Red, 30.CG, and Dletz Longberry Red, 30.G4. For thoso tested four years, tho yield of the first threo Is as follows: fol-lows: Royal Australian, 32.47; Jones' Squaro Head, 31.27 and The Pool, 31.25. It will bo noted that tho ordor of yield for 1897 varies considerably from that of all the years In which the varletlos wero tested, proving that tho results obtained from a single year's trial, is not an accurate test of tho valuo of a variety but that it should bo continued through at least two or three years In order that the test bo of any material value. Drowning Cotlllns; Moths. Wormy apples may be provontcd by placing barrels half filled with water In the orchard Just ns tho trees are nbout to open tholr blossoms. The raothB, which fly between sunset nnd 10 p. m., can bo coptured easily by suspending over tho water In tho bar rel a lighted lantern. They aro then attracted by tho light and eventually find themselves In tho water; 10 lanterns lan-terns to 40 trees la ample. I tried this plan and succeeded beyond question. Last season I omitted to do It, and got caught with tho worm again. This season I do not proposo to bo caught, bo am getting ready my barrels and lanterns. My contention la that tho moth is enptured beforo sho has do-posited do-posited her eggs in the expanded blooms. American Gardening. Farming Area of Montana. Montana Mon-tana Is tho third largest state in tho Union, covering an area fC0 miles in width from cast to west, and 300 miles in length from north to south. Tho boundaries Include 146,080 square miles, or 92,993,400 acres. Tho lands are divided among tho different Industries Indus-tries about as follows: Farm lands, 30,000,000 acres; grazing lands or natural nat-ural pastures, 38,000,000 acres, nnd native na-tive forests, 14,000,000 acres. The principal prin-cipal cultivated valleys and land capable capa-ble of Irrigation and cultivation lie bo-low bo-low the 4,000 feet ultltudti mark, and aro suited to all classes of gardening, fruit growing and farming. Farm Buildings Too Far Apart. Wo see qulto frequently houses and barns located qulto a distance apart, so far Indeed that It requires several minutes' tlmo to go from ono to the other. If houso and barn aro only 100 fcot too far apart, and wo make but three trips back and forth each day, in a wcok's tlmo we have travoled nbout an extra inllo and in twenty years will have gone a thousand miles out of our way, or farther than necossary. We would think It a hard twk indeed if com polled to start out once even In twenty years and walk a thousand miles without with-out any compenss4Ion thorofor. Ex. r |