Show mg as J r i ie E MR chicado in 0 F n aid a id pa rv W in 1852 froen e vi oid arnt X W 6 e MAW ah 0 me arborn in the 14 dy by ELMO SCOTT WATSON IW 1111 city of chicago Is planning to refa brato brate its one hundredth birthday and W when I 1 left it d does 0 of it will invite tho the whole world to join itt in tho the celebration recently ground was broken on the site where la in 1033 will bo be held A century of progress exposition and work on tile erection of build ings inga already haa fins begun Alth although pugh tl eliut at event la Is two years hence chicago tills ye year ar began to look back upon its century of existence for it was on august 4 1830 fiat tho town was platted plaited tile the streets and lots lota laid out anti and the first walt map made in 1830 tho the total area ot of chicago was three eights of a square little it had a population ot of less leas than persons persona in 1030 1930 chicago covers an all expanse of 2105 square miles and it tins has it a population in tion 0 of f more titan than people and that bolls lolls tile tho story lit in brief of tho most amazing growth of a city in n all history chicago it Is the fourth largest city in ili alia lie world with its years of history it bows bowa only to london with its ita 2000 years to now york with its years and to berlin with its years although tills child of a swamp for tile the greater part of its present area was once nothing but a montalto ridden tract of sodden ground can count back only years as aa an organized organize ti community tou ity and fand only 07 years yeara it was incorporated in 1833 hence flonce tile celebration lit in 1033 as a municipality in reality its ta recorded history lit story goes back back nearly years its name was first drat spoken by an indian some time far back lit in tho the unrecorded years before tile tho white blitte roan man came to tile the middle west A party of indian fox hunters so runs rung the legend pursued a targe large skunk which made its home along tile southern shore of lake michigan into the lake and killed it from that time on tile southern part of ef anka was known to tile the sauk fox and aind kickapoo Klc kapoo tribes its as shek slick agua meaning ennIng iii skunk or meaning tho the place of tile skunk that Is 13 tile the version of the origin of tile the namo name chicago as given in tho the publications of tile the american bureau of ethnology another version Is in the journot journal of ft a certain companion of la sallo salle until tho the death dath of that ill fated explorer in texas in 1687 leading the survivors of la salles texan expedition back to Catin canada dit boutel arrived at tho the present site of chicago oil ait alarca 20 1088 1688 had bad weather compelled them to remain there ten felt miserable days during which time alms they almost starved to death they lind had only a small amount of corn meal but they supplemented tills this with calmo plants among them woods garlic or tho the wild onion and boutel records tile fact that the indians culled called this place choc aque moaning meaning wild onion Che Cli venqua canua 11 lk a slight variation of the word la Is said bald to have been tile indian adjective for strong powerful mighty or strong swelling smelling 5 nutell however lio wever was not tile first white ronn to visit tho the site of the present prent chicago for country men of tits ills were there nearly 20 years earlier it Is believed by some that la sallo salle visited the place in ili 1070 but tile first authentically recorded visit by white men was that eliat of jollet joliet and alar luetto who passed that way on their return trip from tile expedition down tile the mississippi in the autumn of 1073 returned return etl there again in ili december 1074 on oil ills his way to establish a mission among the illinois indians and because of illness giai was forced to spend the winter there I 1 the next french visitor to chicago was father claudo claude allouez Al loue successor of marquetta etto who reached there in the spring of 1077 on tits way to establish the mission promised to tile the illinois Ind indian lans la ia I a salle salla was the next visitor in 1078 and no doubt others passed that way for file achl chicago go portage tile the short connecting link between ca tile the two great waterways of the continent tho the great lakes st SL lawrence and tile tho mississippi made it the natural path of the explorers just as in later years it was waa to become the tha natural path of commerce find nd settlement and to be one of tho the main factors in building up the mighty city of tile pres ent As previously stated boutel was there thera to in IM and ho he was followed in 1089 by la llon tall ep explorer loger extraordinary according to ills own account and maker of inaccurate maps chicago has been the butt of many jokes anti anil one of tile earliest ones was the product of indian h humor ybor jt it was the tha red roan man who said that tho the first white settler of chicago was a negro 11 ills name was jean beau baptiste point du there Is much dispute about this man mail one ae ac cou n represents mm film as a 1 native of san domingo while another states that lie wall wait a runaway slavo slave from tile vicinity of lexington ky it ii ai Is known that lie llo was at chicago AS aa early as 1779 0 although k the treatis elm the lie base ot of tits lila trading operations was on the present alto site ot of michigan Nitch igan city ind tho the year 1790 1700 found him established nt at chicago near tho the mouth of the river but how long he remained there la Is unknown certainly lie seonia seems to be more entitled to the honor of being the first settler non indian than does docs john kinzie iia ho reputed father of chicago that title might be applied to one of several men depending on what your definition of father might be for george washington father of ills his country might also be called the father 0 of chicago Clil cago in 1705 1 93 president washington ordered oen anthony wayne who ft ho had just concluded ills successful campaign against the indians of tile the northwest and to make a i treaty of peace with them to purchase from the indians it 11 piece of land six miles square tit nt the mouth of tile tho chicago river emptying into the southwest end of lake michigan where a tort fort formerly stood and tills this was included in the T treaty r only of greenville which was signed on august 7 1705 washington clearly saw that this site alte was ivas the key to possession of the old northwest and no doubt decided that it if the united states government held it they could hold that vast empire against tho the british land and the indians that title also might be applied to capt john whistler who arrived there lit in 1803 with a body of troops to build a fort for or when lie he erected the first fort dearborn named in honor of secretary of war henry dearborn Deai born it marked the real beginning of the present metropolis around that fort avas to cluster tho the settlement which eventually was to become a town of inhabitants and a hundred years later a city of more than when whistler and ills his mon men came to chicago they found tour four huts or cabins there belonging tostine to some soine brench canadian traders one was waa occupied by le mat who had bought out du kalble one by antoque antonno whose name la Is preserved lit in tile the present chicago suburb of wll wit motto mette and it third by louls louis and his indian wife tile the fourth belonged to john kinzie a trader and silversmith naho ft ho apparently had tits ills headquarters elsewhere at that time probably at st joseph midi kinzie did not come to chicago to malio make it ills home until early in IM ISO t ile ho then occupied the lint hut lit in which du and le 1 mal W lind had in turn lived continued ills his trading business which prospered rind and made him tile the lending member of the civilian ch population tiou around fort dearborn tile tho story of tho the first fort dearborn la Is so familiar as to 0 o need no repetition how for nine years tears a small body of american troops commanded first by captain whistler and later inter by capt nathan heald endured the privations or of tills this lonely outpost on tho the frontier liow how the threat of 0 an indian uprising became more ominous as the certainty of war with great britain increased and how that threat culminated in the tragedy of august 15 1812 popularly known as tho the fort dearborn massacre for on that day captain in obedience to orders ordera from a superior officer which left him no alternative but to ob obey ey evacuated the post and marched south along along tile the stand sand dunes there to be attacked by the fierce in on an orgy of bloodshed which will forever remain ono one of tile the tragic tingle memories me morlea in the history of chicago Clil cago that night the indians burned the tort fort and the next lye flye years marks a hiatus in the story of oc chicago on july 4 1817 another body of troops nr arrived and began tile the construction of another fort dearborn which was occupied for or four years when the government ordered its evacuation in 1827 18 17 occurred the winnebago war which for a tittle time furnished plenty of excitement for chicago and led eventually to the reoccupation of the fort buttels nut this war was ivas a short lived one and in the spring of 1831 the tha fort was again abandoned loss than alan a year later however it was again gur gar au ganash hotel tablet and 13 the outbreak of the war saw fort dearborn and the recently platted village of chicago crowded with panic stricken settlers the next few months were filled with suffering both from fear of the red map and from an epidemic of cholera but the plague and the war ended almost simultaneously and with the inrush of white settlers welca followed the smashing of Black hawks power the rise of the future great city began fort dearborn had not only been an important military post but it was also the center of the tha governments relations with the Ind indians lans the outcome of the blackhawk war was the handwriting on the wall for the red man and as the tide of immigration into the rich illinois country set in it became becan iii evident that the indian must move on visitors to the exposition in 1833 1033 will be able to see a landmark which symbolizes the passing of the red man and the final conquest of the tha old northwest by the whites it la Is a giant elm curl bously bent by the indians while still a sapling which stands in a part of chicago known as Sau sauganash ganash because it includes the reservation of acres granted chief sauganash Sau ganash billy caldwell leader of the and one of 0 the heroes ot of the fort dearborn massacre under this elm were held the negotiations for the treaty made in 1835 after chief sauganash Sau ganash had persuaded ills his tribesmen to accept the governments terms and leave their ancestral home forever another such landmark Is in the heart of the famous chicago loop it Is a bronze tablet marking the site of the sauganash Sau Sall ganash hotel established by mark lark Beau beaubien blen in 1820 ns as Chi cagos first hostelry hero on oil august 5 1833 a public meeting was ivas held to decide upon the incorporation of chicago as a town A total of 12 votes was cast tor for incorporation and one against it five days later the first town election was held in the sauganash Sau ganash six men wiio wio afterwards were loters arrived just before the election was held and in all 28 votes were cast electing four trustees and a presided of the town board it Is tills event which furnishes the motif for the celebration two year hence but tills this Is only the beginning of the events which are to be celebrated for ns tile title of tile the exposition indicates it will be held in lionor honor of the progress of Cli chicago leago from a town with a population of lea than in 1833 to a city of more than in 1837 1937 and of more anore than by the time of tile civil war then cani came Chi cagos great disaster the fire of 1871 to wipe out nearly all that had so far been accomplished but instead of killing the city the conflagration seemed to only spur the young giant on oil chicago rose from the ashes to build and grow on an even greater scale and GO 60 years after its organization as a municipality found it playing host to tile the world in ili one of the greatest celebrations ever held beld the worlds columbian exposition exposit e lon of 1893 it was about tills this time that one of Chi cagos leading citizens daniel 11 II burnham father of the tha elly cy improvement plan which Is now making chicago not only one of the greatest but one of the most beautiful cities of the world uttered these words make no attle plans they have it no magic to stir mens blood and probably themselves vea will not be realized slake big plans remember or that our sons and grandsons are going to do things that stagger us let your watchword be order and your beacon beauly and it Is to show allow how well this child ot 01 a swamp has heeded those words that chicago Is the world to come to the party in 1933 t by nutem cetera union I 1 |