Show I 1 40 e 4 1 7 4 4 danish farmyard X operative cooperative co far farm products marketing marlc e ting how it Is IT done in europe end wid may be done in in I 1 america to the profit of both farmer and consumer by MATTHEW 8 DUDGEON copyright hylt western newspaper Nw paper union t DAY AMONG DANISH FARMERS copenhagen denmark this ie is a I 1 great every square I 1 foot toot of land ra is utilized there is almost waste land tn in america you will ill find here and there a scientific farmer here every farmer la in a eclen title farmer he ile knows farming and thanks to operation cooperation co he knows mar as well every cow la Is a good cow giving a good quantity of good milk not only la Is the mite good when it leaves the cow but WR goes to the city it gnes enes promptly and Is to still good milk then it Is delivered if it it is in made into lato butter it becomes good butter and reaches the consumer in the best beat possible form tho pigs too are high grade As they move to market they appear to be all of uniform color size shape and quality for each conforms to a type proved by experimentation to be the best tor for the purposes to which they are devoted every farmer analyzes hie his eoll soil fertilizes his fields and rotates his cro crops s according to the best beat principles of soil conservation in america aou OU occasionally casio nally see such farming and such farmers her eyou see no nothing h ng ea else a medium sized farm what appears to be the home of a well todo to do farmer upon a medium sized farm Is to our flirt point of 0 attack we find the buildings including dwelling stables granary hay bay shed and other outbuildings arranged around a square court all except the dwelling noibe are roofed rooted with thatch which although it seems to be in good condition the farmer assures us is twenty 5 ears old everything exhibits the utmost neatness the stables poultry houses ald wid a ld pig shelters are all as clean as the lature of their use permits while the house itself is immaculate the former owner of the farm Is to dead tho the widow and aad children now occupy the place of three sons one asin Is in copenh copenhagen agen and is to lea acau u the farm permanently he ile goes to the city not because he wants to but bo because there Is no room for him upon this farm and it is to alm almost 0 st impossible to get more nore land everybody ever body wants to keep all ho has the older son Is to have the major part of the farm turning over a smaller portion to a younger brother the mother will continue to aa a on the farm with the older son som tho the farm Is eighty eight acres in extent there are on it six horses thir ty five cows and sixty pigs besides th the e poultry the farm with its stock buildings and equipment is wort morth about 00 operative cooperative co bacon factory the farmer Is a member of cooperative bacon factory in order to apet the demands of the market which has been most carefully studied 1 he e an ana t the other members find it necessary to breed a pig of a particular type one which wilt will produce good bo bacon con all of the members the therefore are raising a pig produced by crossing the english yorkshire with the native danish breed they rave lave found also that the best bacon in lit obtained when the pigs are brought us market from twenty two to eleb weeks old weighing beleen and JOO 00 careful experimentation has also demonstrated that if it the hogs are marketed at time the most b bacon ac on per food unit fed them Is to produced te P pigs life Is a ansy life they hare haire only live to seven months to live and must weigh at the end of that time from to pounds the hog are also bred for large lit litters teres sine atals is in an important consideration when it becomes necessary to rush the entire output of bogs boss capon the market ut t an early age experts say hat that the pig go no produced ie to ideal for tho production ot of bacon operative cooperative co creamery this farmer belongs to a co opera tive dairy association which conduct conducts a creamery some little distance away the members dro mostly the smaller farmers each leaves his cane cans ot of milk on the road to bo be gathered up by a collector hired by the association the col collector lecter when ho he returns the cans brings back the skimmed milk the milk sent into the cre creamery a mery ie in tested and the price depends altogether upon the butter fat contained in tho the milk thin results in a constant improvement in tho the breed ot of cows since the members find it profitable to keep only the best breeds the farmer escorted us through the farm to a stubble field where the cattle were grazing it must be remembered that in denmark cattle are never pastured behind fences as they are in the united states every cow is tethered with a chain about twenty feet long each cow Is fitted out with a thin canvas blanket and thus protected from files filen and other annoying incepts Inc Iniz etc eStS the increase in milk production when the cow Is thus freed from all disturbing insects is said to be very consider able the cow Is in spared every exertion this farmer and ani in fact every farmer whom hom we me have interviewed dur ing the entire day seems to have a very thorough knowledge of the rotation of crops on this farm the plow land is in divided into nine fields field a among which the crop crops are rotated according to a carefully considered and well defined schedule natural and commercial manures are used the fermer having bad had the sells of his various fields analyzed so that bo he may know what is to needed for each field ho he now purchases his ma manures n ures from a cooperative company which guarantees the ther chemical of its products although fon nory when hen private dealers sold fertilizers it was mas to get them of assured cham aa composition the big famer farmer while denmark has been called the land of the rich little farmer the country ie Is not entirely devoted to the smaller farm after driving some dic di stang tanca wo vo saw what was evidently a large iam zaim with extensive buildings it proved to be a farm or 01 acres the buildings on this thin larger farm a are r 0 most substantial handsome structures we found on the farm twenty two horses one hundred eighty cows besides poultry and piga pigs there are employed upon the farm fifteen male hands and fifteen female polish labor ere ers we found the barns of the latest types clean and fresh the floors are concrete and sloped to a transverse drain each stall has a patent head yoke and aid is to equipped with an automatic water basin ample provisions alere are also for flushing and clean ing floors the arrangement for preserving the fertilizing quality of the yaste waste Is complete solid and liquids are stored in cisterns from which the manures are periodically peTt removed and distributed over the farm the bins for all feeds and machinery and tools for handling are conveniently arranged A cooperator co operator the owner of ot this farm arm belongs to the Tri follum dairy a big operative cooperative co i association whose members are m moat ost I 1 ly ly ow ners of the larger farms becoming a member of this co opera open live tive concern the farmer enters into an agreement similar to that entered into by all operator cooperator co in ila agrees to deliver to the nil all of hie file dairy pro products durta the agreement W i a most one ono and ho he to 1 pledged not only to delicot W what hat ho he produces but it la in hla h duty under his agreement to produce nil all that ho lie normally can mith ith hie his farm farro and hin lilts equipment early in tho the of cc cooperation in lit Doni denmark nark a etu atlon developed stitch la to similar to that now existing in am rico rim whenever a co concern ann formed font to the purpose of marketing tho the product of ita its mom acra tho the members ioro at once ap o 0 pron ched by outside buyers who of fored thorn them a substantial adamco avol tho the price being paid by tho the co opong tive concern many of 0 tho the farmers farr oora mere oro lod led to accept tho the price this might havo have boon expected buyers simply increased tho the price til tit they hart had drawn off oft from the co oaf a num bor of members so that tho the cincore bec artio a failure immediately upon lie ite failure tho the outside buyers droppa the price and tho the camers were just 1 whore they to tho the or ot altton of tho the eo society cloty A A pro r bentive of thie this situation every danish co operative concern pledges pled gea each member to deliver to it his full out 00 put quality of milk the greatest grea caro care ie to taken upon this farm to protect tho quality of 0 the milk tho the of tho coop co op society visits the farm every eighth day and inspects the cow cows the barns tho the equipment and tho feed evory every tenth day alao also jhb milk ie in tested for butter fat fal A record ie Is kept and each cows history ie it fully record ed it az baloc ao possible in this way to weed out tho the poor cowe cows the mem bora bers of tho the operative cooperative co are also under the strictest obliga tione bione to report immediate any alight indisposition ot luc cow and to rate tho milk of the Jadis indisposed cow from the other milk contamination of the milk aa as well wall aa an the spread of any disease la to thus well guarded against when the milk la Is to be used for hospital purposes or infange food the diet ot of the cow la Is further limited so that all feed feeds which tend to taint the milk even sr lightly are excluded the cowa cows are tested more inore frequently for disease and are kept under closer supervision all milk la in cooled aa as soon an it leave leaves the cow and all bacterial growth chec checked kid 4 there are upon this farm fifteen polish aris who are comfortably housed well fed and V ild a hying though moderate wage it must b noted however that they are tire imported laborera laborers and are not in any send immigrants they do not como come to make a permanent home la in Don denmark marki but coming in march and april they to poland in november or de comber the stay in denmark la in usually limited to from seven to nine months it la Is estimated that each year a about bout ten thousand thoua and farm bands many of them women come into thep the country tor for the busy season all agree that thia this of labor la to beneficial the far carmeris meris themselves theme elTee vea are loath to put in their timo time on the hard hand labor necessary in raising many of the root crops which are so important in this part of ot the country and are glad to gel the cheaper for eign labor when it presents itself the laborer farmer again we proceed and thia this time pick out what la Is evidently a email small farm the owner of the fann farm which la Is only about siz six acres in extent la 15 one ot of the eleven drivere drivers employed by the local creamery it being his him duty to collect the milk and return the cans and skimmed milk each day to the farmers hie his duties are not extensive hia his wages are moderate aad and he lie finds it necessary to larg largely py upon his little farm arm for BUS sue cenance te nance he lie 16 h as recently bought three ot of hie his alx six acre acres borrowing the money for the purchase price from a operative cooperative co credit society which Is its aided by the government his interest is at the rate of three per cent per annum in addition to which he lie Is pay ing each year a email small installment up on the principal he had in cash when he lie bought the farm only ten per cent of the purchase price but he capitalized his character as is possible here and made tho purchase originally a farm laborer he under elands stands thoroughly the principles ot of the scientific fanner farmer ho he appreciates the value of rotation of crops the necessity for fertilization and all methods of conservation of the fertility of the eoll soil upon the next faro farm live an elderly couple who own three acres from which they obtain the ther major part of their living although the farmer spends some of his time in making wooden hoes shoes which ho he sells at a low price and from which be he obtains only a meager amount in the adjoining house we found a farmer who had about four acres he ekes out his support from the farm aided by a lit tie tle salary received for actinic acting aa as sec seo ot of a local operative cooperative co society none of theae theme three small farmers are at present wholly dependent von tha farm altho although agh each is in looking tor fp ward to the time timo when h tritt a little m more e jeaa safi luus become in oc of the outside earning |