Show itt o I JL T I I IA rt iY M L I 1 A t rte I f. f 5 t 4 r y 17 t T I Y j r OP a IT 11 11 I I I j. j f. f h I f f. f 42 l I r Tr y t t Y t i 1 t t r t l b I r ray c 1 1 kf f t h F S l 9 J V K d r Sy r rl 1 y n y v Z jl rY ct fV r TA f 7 y x Y s r t TIPI S y t I U J. J sl a f r 4 fy nt vt r r r J V 3 S V VJ J y i 1 Mr r S' S 4 r r Ri o 1 tK U t f IF RON Is the thc backbone of oC American I Ino manufacturing In Industry cud and KO to it ity y 4 t j. j I Is tho the he backbone of th the immense t c r. r V-J V r of of oC tho the Groat Lakes Lal and of oC the bus busy life UCe 0 of that part nf ota Minnesota Michigan and Wisconsin b id O on- on Lake Superior the great ost t of ot the tho thor Great r I l os i t orA t r fast u tt t q h g HII U 6 h h hn n tle errs nl i Ul K t f h. h r t f Q superior t r amounted to a topS Indu I. I hi E shipments b both Ui ways Of or this t l' Imposing total vastly exceeding th the Vo business ss of oC the thc great eat Suez SUe canal 31 31 l tons were h Iron on ort ore wound hound down i M the 10 lakes lieN from the tho Luke Lako Superior Super Super- lor iron dish districts lo tu be he worl worked cd up 11 Into unto pig Iron hon and thence Into the finished pro products in the smellers smelters and factories of or the he East In th the product Ion an and transportation tion Hon of or Iron ore In the Lake Superior r district millions ns of or capital are te Invested and thousands of men are arc employed And yet et a lal large e part tic part et r the till several He processes attending th the mining twining and 4 shipment of nun iron ore ole Is IN done one by purely mechanical means so that from Crom mine mineto to smelter smeller human hands scarcely ever touch louch the thc unpromising piles of or red rea frown brown anti and yellow lal that goes Into the manufacture of or iron hon and steel Thc rue Initial stages of or the process by which our structural Iron our railroad railroad rail rail- road steel our plows and ana and nails ure u mu made arc are tinged with the tho romance ro TO- mance manco of or human humana achievement Fas Fas- Indeed 1 are the exhibits of or human that have ha been tie tie- I d-I wised to enable inan nan to better bettel and more quickly reap the rich fruits of natures nature's b benevolence Iron ore broils Hr i t out or of the earth b by giant st steam m shovels dumped b by y them Into cats cars shot by mechanical means from cars Into pockets in lh the theore theore ore docks an and finally dumped b by gray grav gravity It Icy ity Into the thc holds huld of vessels to be carried car eur- sled ried a thousand miles to the Eastern In ports or where 1 e Ar great a clamshell huc buckets bucket s dip lp uilo 1 Interiors aroi or mi ships shills hilt at and r bite out great musses amasses of or the fright freight I which they d deposit with wHIt almost t human hu hU- huelan man elan Intelligence cne upon the he ears cars waiting wailing to take the tho rl rich h freight fr to the smelt smelt- 1 I era I I The rho Iron hon deposits of the laI Lake bake Su Su- u- u 1 region mc about th the e of this gr T body of fresh frosh wat t chief member o of Ih the family large large Y J as us tho the Grew L Lakes l. l keg s. s which a cluster of g nt i r lingers gasp a largo larH large portion of or the th he e of r the United lJ Status and nel of Il its It 4 the north Hellish cousin Minnesota 1 Michigan U and 11 Wisconsin n In fn the order furnish must most u uthe of f tho the Iron fron oro oe milled I In this country Minnesota alone f furnishes II neatly nearly two two- thirds of or the thu American n product an and 1 her yield of ot iron Dolt exceeds th that t the lItt glo globe l' l th other r I Ithan of any single nation lIn on than Spain and anel Great ln On On the c north shore of or Lako Superior In itt Canada Canada Can ada there has hils lately lately appeared appeared th the iho b be beginning r ginning of ur the iron mining In industry y I and some considerable ra lQ posits have huv e been developed there But Bui the thc live ranges of the three stat states only not till the best bed lr n 1 t named furnish of f ore found In th the t world but most o the worl worlds world's t The he ultimate e value of oC it Iron on ore oloe de depends de- de characteristics character ends upon thew n throe three second is ties Fl quality third quantity As s t to o and isAs Lako Lake Superior iron ron Is tat the c quality quam- tho the best there Is hl highest l. l est In percentage g c I Ir of r iron and low lowest st In p percentage 1 1 o of f deteriorating minerals As to accessibility border the tho lal lake Zak e c s sibil It the thu r deposits V vessels of ur 10 10 where ort han handy to and ami more do O nothing else C. C tons the lIw c but ut handle 1 JL Jt t tAs As 2 to quantity t and anel last years lUI s out output t amount Is Is' Is untold ol b Lw barely l of oC nearly torts tons a t Y V put Jut In ht th the tho supply noticeable dent I left tt U a or orThe e entire r shipments n of ue f IO roil iron H I The regions I la lafrom st t t C IC from the tho Luke Sup Il tons Ions the he L UI greatest great greatest wore Ii y year al' al II In their theil history I. I A tI s a I est output ut hu huPart UI this his went wont ll tu of ur t part a rt I from tug th s smelters 1 n dui du ln ng t I r y-up y y ur calls calla when 1 on on tO l th the e on t the s ea Calion G t the wa y all kess clos closed d by In rail a la lakes lake kes was s was consumed J. b b y r A srn small nil p part pan art too loo t sat at al D Du- Du u- u fu smelters smellers t and local Is 18 oX- oX un local JAX- JAX luth The shortly when th thI the e Peeled I j I 1 I to tu be Lt e larger get 1 0 r I drel nt of toc water puw power 11 el now under l IJ 1 w j f a 1 substitute for fol fortin tin t I he la hu I It I. f r. r r ill ra fl fe ft 1 r I power creation allon These C emu dare 1 nH from tl five I ranges a ao as follows s i range In tJ OO tons tons 1 Vc ark Jiun rf n 1 77 1 G C lute Gu Go mm r fg r i 11 1 M t t nl t J ili 2 t n 11 r h L Lt Tn tona 11 Jo- Jo f t 1 age ill h. h 11 it t r 41 ti t. t ti from om Wisconsin 11 39 r tons tons or of these five ranges th the youngest a and nd greatest and most It ill interesting is the Mesaba ba which made made- its first t mem mentIn 1892 when it sent Slant out 44 5 tons tuns I From ram om that pont point its a advance ance was rapid and continuous until last Y year ar i Its ilK ts output a as stated above l was neatly nearly two Iwo of ds s of lr the from the Lake Lako Superior 1 One ne mine alone l e this range the thc Mountain Iron Mine s shipped hipped p d In 1905 1405 almost tons Probably two thirds of the Ow r known deposits Ufo 0 of iron hun pre pro In the law Lake LaJe Superior Su Su- regions I Is owned or controlled by the Untied United States Stales Steel corporation corpora corpora corpora- tion otherwise otheT known as the thc steel U trust u st but the remaining third one Is owne owned by individuals or by In Independent Independent Inde Inde- pendent manufacturers of or steel products pro- pro d duels ducts Sev Several rat large manufacturing Ing concerns outside the steel trade including one ona manufacturer tuler of or farm machinery using considerable 1 quantities of Iron and ana st steel own mines in this section and ship their own o ore oreto to then their own oven smelters lo to be bo- made maae tn Into 0 pig iron for use In fn their own r f fac tories The steel trust however better than thon this It ships shape Its own o ore over Us ow-n ow raj i roads to its own wn locks docks and In its Us own boats to Its own wn sm l- l tet lers s. s I Labor Jn in Uie Una nm and upon tre e railroads docks and vessels engaged In i n the thc Iron hon ton trade tralle Is well wall paid as a u arule arule rul rule and there Is Is perhaps 1 no in- in ut Section eption of this country so labor troubles a as the Iron mining regions of Minnesota Michigan Michi Michi- gal gan l The only stylizes strikes that hove have vC h occurred d In recent rt years have b baen among tho Ille laborers employed em em- b by Individuals or corporations to lo whom th the tho nine mine op operators have let contract contra for tOl stripping a process to be Ibo later COTi T 1 ard t and cheapness of mining are arc are prO f features of at many parts o of or J region while modern American methods of and hauling th tilt the t product bring it cheaply and nd qUI quickly kly to the the- the smellers smelter fr the East EV Every I ar arnew new discoveries lIlen I broaden blonden th the known r of or Iron run and surd the he l' l end Is not oat yet Every year great preat q I of it If are arc hauled to m market a and d yet the thc supply seems seams inexhaustible Yet it ft Is la not o of or f course ami that thai at the pre present nt rate of of of production n the the- S Superior CI PI fi fields u of f high r high aa ore on will not not last last ast more morn than thun 50 y year rh There Ic aJ are ure almost as man many varieties of f f mining methods In the lako lato region rOlon it tax lUC there are varieties of or depo deposits Tind rd nd these are arC many Sometimes tho or ore it w is found deeply hidden n In to limo tho tho O oarth Ith Jealously guarded by groat groat- groat difficult beds e s of ot jasper and ond granite Sometimes the deposits d. appear 1 upon upon- 11 the t surface and all that is needed in order lo to work worl thorn thom Is to strip off th the tho thin than layer of If earth tarth above the thein n and scoop out the thc theor or ore as ux gravel IK is scooped out a grav gravel 1 lied ed Sometimes the ore are bodies He lac in thin than wide wido lenses sometimes these lenses arc horizontal tal and again they thoy may be beo perpendicular Sometimes SometimE's the Ol ore Is In round corn compact pact masses I with nIth no foreign matter Intervening I sometimes it lien Ilea In tn small I areas areaR sop sep prated by bo earth taconite jasper and gt granite B There are arc three tiro principal methods of ot mining however Including oP steam she shovel cl vet mining the milling process pro pro- cess Ss I and blasting out tics the hard ores I 1 In n the mines of ot the Mesaba range In Minnesota l the they simply scoop It out with steam shovels in the open daylight put it Into lulu curs cars with th the I game strain steam shovels ls and ancI run It away to lo lothe the till socks docks Often b both th steam shovel el an and milling process are arc use used In ill the thc same mine part palt of or which will rc- rc quire underground n t methods an and p part rt which will wUl bo lie o capable of ot TO Po J opera opera- operation tI tion liens ns upon the thc plan Most of I I tl the c I mining Is done on the tho thee tho J Mesaba l range where last year GO per 50 A J J. nj- nj I r 17 7 CE IL t K r s v I OJ 0 J C ot a Z Tn N. N 1 Er ELf K u gay 7 S 7 d YI Y I r. r 1 tv s 1 f r i. i i y r g I f I I. I r 7 A A R R Sr Ss Z rf y 1 N li j wl t. t j py f J iI f rr 1 j f ti r 1 r i v jj ff f r t f IJ h tf v l' l t v IJ V x- x t i i f rH 3 5 1 f f J t t tv t r t 1 y r x A t f A Yr p fe a i S1 t v t. t A t f ri I 0 l t y i 1 L o J Ut r j t 4 t i I SJ s t t 3 l. l f i 1 j. j r p. p t I G iY f r c 1 ol a I L. L j L i u P I d t. ti 1 i Ej r. r lot v N f i. i i. i I jJ SY b r. r J r i t v fn fYi rT y JI k rA V J. J 01 j q s W ir Y j 0 vr tr 1 1 f 3 rl f T o r 1 n Yv W J r Y r t 4 4 lit li t t I Cd LIT op r r r cent of fir this the output w n rih ai mined by steam shovels hovels put out of of largo large size Home um of lor the 1111 others othena th t like those thos' ores in are hard while art ark the Deer mine minty soft oCl The hard of a higher grade and ores are generally while the softer easier to marl market et grade but infinitely ores are of lower Cr In mining ender easier to handle th the deA sits are upon first any of or these plans lined b by Churn surveyed and out in the oft soft earth arth drills are arc ro used usell are arc us use to go o and diamond drills n the 1 i ck ore Pao n p proximately proximate ra xima ely measured and anti a app ap ap- p ing ope operations b begin Gln before the tine min mm tin tine ores oles the e mining With t the e hard I fashion proceeds by in hl trie l a conand con con- and by n nt various siu sinking lg a shaft ore helm beli g b s levels a the by taken o 0 it t by Hoists blasting i l an and antL just juat is 8 ally tui-ally people XI ct a mine to na- na be But BUl op operated I 1 in the I t mines od ode u al' al are 1 a rut au little 1 III Mice like the R the tho meth nt ce t 1 on of pf ot mining popular C eon eon- n- n U as dr possible drilling lU Jn l The TIll depth the a extent ent of or th the ore body hOlly 1 ten hm or 01 layer of f learned If It theore the ort ore bud bu bodi Is Ix earth over 1 the rhe plug ping tA tat The a strip i luminously sly torm ls i s descriptive I of literally rally The proc process S earth eurth h fl from m tho or ore body stripping 0 oft oink the thO j Is and lane done the work ts ahu lS machines greuT In which bite bito out not unlike dredges des I w weighing great grent chu chunks of ot tons tone and Uld earth Season hundreds eda will wm move earth in a of or Ls l Ic r r t a. a thousands of cub cubic C I Yar yards The Tho ore are indy ody lai laid bare mining begins Steam shovels shove Is are used hero here e also aiso The usual I steam shovel sho weighs s Co to 75 tons and It its dipper ippel will wit 1 handle from froan two to four foUl yards of ma mn- tonal at a mouthful It will lift dally from the bed of or the ore to the cars car from 1000 to tons of oC iron hon ore A yard ard of or Iron fron ore oro weighs about tw two o tons and a yard ard of or overburden about one fine ton in stripping work worl a a. fair average days day's task will be from 1500 to 2000 JUO yar yards s for 01 every ery 20 hours of C continuous work With a a. shovel in it ol ordinary practice will be bc about three aUen attendant lant locomotives and as man many trains drains of ot dump lUIS curs On Or the Mesaba range Iange alone alono during the present season season sea sea- son a about out of of th these shovels are in inconstant constant use When the ore ore bodies bo les arc too deep for COl the time method of or mining they are arc milled Underneath the ore bo body a drift Is run Iun to Us Its center Then rhon rhona a Is sloped or 01 caved cd up to me tine top lop of tho the oro ore hod body A track is laid In the lower drift and cars arc run under tho the At the tho top miners mincH's slice the ore are off oft anti and let It drop through th the tho until the cats cm's aree fi lied filled I Bothi Uio t and pro pro-j milling 1100 esses s so so cheapen tho ho cost of mining milling that by- by Night uso ores that lint of too loo low grade to bo be Profitably 1 mined in hr tho old oil fashions can bo sent lt to market market mar- mar ket an and make money mone for Cor their own own- era J The difference in the three principal methods of mining minIng- cannot be butter illustrated than h by comparing their cost Steam shovel mining after the stripping is done lIone costs 6 C cents a ton milling after tho the stripping Is paid for costs 35 36 cents n a ton while getting get get- getting ting out tho The hard ores by blasting costs about per her ton Some Rome of or the miners are arc most t interesting exhibits Imagine a g gr great grat at pit a qua quarter ter of a ft mile one way three quarters of a a. mile the thc o other Iter wa way to OO feet deep and every ery every bit bH r ha haB ss been taken talen out i except except ex- ex ex ex- perhaps 20 O 0 to lo 50 O feet of oC over oter- oter o cr burden bUlden Is iron ore The bed bcd of or jt h is Ision Iron ion ore too and tho the ore extends per per- per cr- cr t feet et Tracks Rr are arc run run rUJi Into hito It In half a dozen directions and the tha m ars cals art are are being liked filled 4 by the thc steam shovels hovel Dumped into tJ the ore ole car |