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Show Ut faculties, other and the perceptive with deal the brain or mind could only mental other The time. same the at vanish blurred or wholly as a aa because fear js felt, simply nor pain Neither 5 fact that It Is a remarkable is no room for either, reek i and of many true of the horse, notabiy, js undoubtedly hors a fire' If a farrier wishes to other animals. y the skin of the leg, un unquestionabl to burn is, that ae Se by quiet the animal keeps process-he painful If the horse becomes lip. i loop of cord over ‘ts upper the is that result The is tightened. loop the reative on the curious its whole attention concentrates animal upper lip to the neglect of the severer ensations in the in its leg. v by wild beasts seized men the of true ta ane wel the through scattered instances numberless ere are sportsmen and explorers have erature of travel where or horned lions, by torn tigers, by mauled been have yet and rhinoceroses, and buffaloes by crushed is instance A classical tales. to tell their tragle lived A lion sprang Livingstone Dr. that of the celebrated which the animal, he was under In a moment on him traveler great The arm right his crushed instantly no misgivanguish, tells us he felt no pain, no mental but it indeed, was present, of death thought The ing. Neither the powform or nightmare took no unmanly He felt the action nor of clear thinking was lost. er of it and meet but he could full significance of his peril; nor weakness neither by mental it unnerved with deal like who, of others Nor are the accounts pain. bodily gone have Bradford, E. Sir and Kruger nt Presi through like djsasters, In any essential regards differ- HE pleasures of a painful death, if the parado. may be accepted, the feelingless process of fracturimg rare human ribs {n a carriage accident, the lovely mental visions of fatal wild beast wrestles, the beau- an Cys) tles of falling from a precipice are re- Sa a counted by an erudite man from the fatherland, who has enjoyed the unusual advantage of having entered on the threshold of death yet always to return through divers tragic accidents, to life and Nght. Falling from a height, according to Prof. Albert is Heim, a German physicist and expert mountaineer, not only easy and painless as a death process, but most positively dejightful. There is neither mental nor bodlly suffering, neither terror nor guish nor despair. The mind is active, the powers of thought and action retained, the mental Impressions eminently pleasant and beautiful. Into a glorious heaven the sufferer seems to fall, a celestial spot of deepest blue flecked with rosy to and clouds. Upborne, he sways fro so gently, and withal with such a smooth and subtle gliding that- lo! all {s over. Consciousness vanishes, and death, If It has come, has come in peace and quiet Does mortal man demand a happler means and method of shuffling off his carnal coil? a% ; 4 Felt as if He Were ent things seemed misgivings, no Flying. Heard Prof. Heim fell vertically through seventy feet of space. He lived unharmed through the curlous ordeal and has narrated his mental experiences in Teutonic thoroughness and with remorseless detail. His aceident happened, as do most Alpine accidents, with startling rapidity and was of course wholly unexpected. With hjs companions, all, like himself, practiced mountaineers, he stood in one of his ascents on a slippery ridge of congealed snow, with lwo rocky peaks towering above and precipices around and below A gust of wind toek or threatened to take his hat, he committed the grievous mountaineering error of trying to save his unlucky headgear; thereby lost his footing, slipped backwards, and then, headforemost, commenced a terrible descent with lightning speed, At first, he says, he seemed to be flying through the air, then at intervals which were clearly differentiated he heard but did not feel the !mpact of head and body against rocky prominences. He heard, too, the dull thud with which he struck the earth. But for at least an hour afterwards he felt no severe pain. During the continuance of the Interesting act of falling a train of narrate as his brain. it took seconds to ae enact, passed through a Indifferent fo Injury. wri! clearly saw," he says, " the possibility of methought brothers or friends might " Dull Thud''; there were or terror Actual Pr . HOC wae Scarcely under- y Fractures as They Occurred. Fall Delightful-While It Lasts, The absence of physical pain Is not so easily accounted for, but the following has been essayed The researches of the great physiologist, Helmholtz, have demonstrated that an appreciable interyal of time Is required in order that a sentient nerve may realize and carry to the brain any irritation. Thus with a blow on the feet; in order to be felt the impression caused by the blow must be carried to the brain. It must travel up one set of nerves and down the other. Eventually the pain Is felt, and the foot perhaps is unconsciously Affected. TT EE rn enn itbdrawn mann of an Individual are much affected in the crisis of an accident by the nature of the acecldent Itself. In support of this he quotes the experiences of a traveler involved He notes here, Mkewise, in a severe railway collision. of mental anguish or panic terror the same absence the power of the retention of a thinking consciousness, lengthening out of time, and the action, the apparent predominance of pleasant mental and subjective {mages On some of these points he dwells at considerable length He holds, however, that the presence of a minor peril does not by any means produce the same results It unnerves and disconcerts, but does not call forth the tranquil courage or the rapidity ind clearance of thougnt, coupled with the power of action, which a more intense danger evokes He cites ag an example of this an alarm of fire, This might frighten and unnerve many a man who could behaye Iike a hero if he found himself in an actual conflagration The Important fact appears to be that the intensity and near presence of danger drives away the dread thereof. This psychological puzzle may be explained by the intensity of mental excitement which hypnotizes take the difficult climb down to where I would be lying. I recollected that In five days more J] was to have delivered an inaugural] address, and thought of the grief my death would cause those near and dear to me. Anon, lying as it were on the limit of a far distant horizon, appeared distinct and divers Images and episodes in my past life The whole mental picture stood ont clear cut and Hlumined by divine and mysterious light. All Counted Dr. Heim mentions that In a carriage aceldent in which he received injuries he could distinctly hear and count the individual fractures of bone, some seven in number, which he received. They caused no pain at the moment, but he heard them, He quotes the evidence of n Italian who fell from a height to exactly the same effect It is probable that these sounds depend essentialon some disturbance of the blood circulation in the cerebrum and inner ear. The same would apply to the ocular subjective sensations If the optic nerves are stimulated at all they must respond by giving apparent images of ght or color or of the figures of familiar and well known objects. Else the individual would see nothing which means the same as belng In darkness This darkness was perceived at the moment of the physieal Impact and shock and being interpreted meant The ph ysical injury to the visual brain center or area }bsence of mental pain or pantie terror may be expkined by the dominant notion of danger neutralizing all else ind, as it were, hypnotizing other faculties and perceptions s s wt Feelings Tren aoe > no Didn't Feel It, wt my ate, said to myself: ‘ I am now being hurled prevents my seeing what Is at the base. The snow may be melted here or there or there may be none; if there Is any my life may be saved; otherwise death is Inevitable. If I am conscious on reaching earth I have by me a bottle of aromatics and my alpenstock. I will grasp it, for Jt may serve me in good stead.' I thought, too, of removing my eyeglasses, lest thelr splintering might cause injury. Other and gentler thoughts for those I was to leave behind me came over my mind. For myself I felt indifferent, really caring little whether I should be much injured or not; but from motives of consideration for others I felt impelled, as it were, to make light of the matter. I seemed to cal] aloud, ‘I am not much hurt.' "Then lovely and of good report, anxieties, no sorrow, pain, p J There were no sensations of contes nd strife. All was merged in feelings of genial good willl and kindly feeling. Such feelings predominated over all others and formed what a unique and lovely plietur Gradually a heaven of glorious hue, flecked with erimson clouds of gossamer Ijghtness, surrounded me. In them I was wafted to and fro, borne up from below, but painlessly and pleasantly, while a vast and moving snow fleld seemed to accompany me *Anon the perception of objects, subjective thoughts, a medley of various ling seemed to cir cle in concentric mazes around myself as a center. Then came a ‘dull thud,' which I heard distinctly, but did not feel, and my fall was ended! At that instant a dark vell passed before me I called aloud two or three times, ‘I am not much hurt'; grasped my glasses, which lay near me in the snow, and touched my Iimbs to make certain they were not broken "Then I saw my companions slowly approaching They told me a good half hour had elapsed after my fall before I spoke. I had lost consciousness, eyidently, during those thirty minutes, and that explainéd the dark veil Later on the power of thinking returned. In the interval a period of nothingness or annihilation had supervened I was conscious of the perception of beautiful images only so long as I was falling At the moment of contact with the earth the impact drove them and consciousness alike away." thought at once distinet and logical. and so rich jn detail that It would require ten times ten as many minutes to Fear. or for Pain No Room it be might impression one are features bythe action of a totally different set of Now this transmTssion nerves. stantaneous. Helmholtz succeeded In actually measuring it, and the Jnteryal Is at least appreciable. A modern rifle bullet traveling at perhaps 1,200 feet a second would pass through the fleshy portion of a man's arm, three inches thick, in the 4,800th part of a second of time, would, of course, be unfelt until later So with shock of a fall Before the pain can be realized sciousness has been lost. Theoretically a man would fall sixty-four feet in two seconds, and would strike the ground traveling at a speed of about thirty-five miles an hour. These figures must actually and in practice be somewhat modified, owNevertheless, the uning to atmospheric resistance. fortunate victim would receive a parlous shock at the moment his fall ended Until that momentous moment his sensations would have been most agreeable. As a Frenchman remarked *Falling through the air was so delightful-so long as. It lasted." Dr. Helm holds that he retained his consclousness to the last. Im such a conjunction loss of life or loss of consciousness was practically identical wwow WHEN JOHN HE "richest man in the world" is the most interesting man in the world, and the most interesting thing about him, taken In the light of his later achieyements, is his babyhood, At least the mother who looks into her own baby's crib and tries to guess the riddie of the future will take this view if she knows how directly environment and the influences both before and after birth determine the coming greatness or the opposite of each little mite of humanity. With all the separate chapters of his business life, his church life, his home life, and even his boyhood, which have been dealt with by Mr. Rockefeller's blographers, hig babyhood !s a part that has never been written The reason? Probably because most of it lies in : than the facts pf his husiness life. The tools for excavating, then, must be elimination and that kind of construction which some people call putting two and two together: this vehicle Is a method that, under the name of analogy, is not scorned by those who make researches In many scientific directions. os ed Father a Man of Mystery. It does not take a supernatural gift for looking Into the past in addition to these to know that this baby excited a great deal of curiosity even when he was born. Everybody who has lived or heard of the life in a village .of a population of 300 knows how quickly each and al) of the feminine part of the Richford of that day would ‘urn out at the mere announcement of the birth of a baby, just as they would in this. But there was more reason than usual then for them to go tripping over the path to the Rockefeller cottage, which, by the way, stood on "Michigan Hill," as It was called, which was a point a little away from the village. baby had a strange father, who was noted for mysterious comings and goings. What he did, where he went, and whence he came nobody could find out. possible chance that under the expanding influence of admiration for the new baby she would be more communicative than on ardinary occasions. So the best part of Richford turned out, as well as the more humble nelghbor who "allowed" that she woyld "just run over and see how the baby and Mis' Rockefeller was doin'." a Family Not Poverty Stricken. act has to admit, however, that Mrs, Rockefeller was even more uncommunicative than before, and it was In the flerce determinations as to this and other matters, lately fixed and formed this little psychologists, woman, would that have the read visitors, the had inp the mind they possibilities been of the bab Just at this time, however, there were more interesting things to be seen, according to neighborhood ideas of development. First, the baby was big and well bullt, ROCKEFELLER From Infancy Was He a Mixer, and the shed next to that, all ugly and crowded up to- gether on the same Mne. But this was only a matter of other times, other ways. Such little houses were the common kind in such small country villages, and the forlorn look around and outside of It was because there wasn't any active farming going on around any of the Rockefeller houses unti! when the mother had trained up her small boy to take thelr father's place in such matters. Inside, tho two downstairs rooms beside the kitchen were comfortable bedroom and parlor The half story upstairs, In which the children in houses like it in the neighborhood were put to bed, was not needed yet, as there were only the baby money prince and the little sister, whose name was Lucy. 7 Used to Weed fe the Earned and showing the long, strong frame of the Rockefellers As to his eyes, It could not yet be set down for a certainty whether they were blue, brown, or gray brown, That he had a mahogany crib-of the kind that eyerybody 4s after now, and that even then most of the Richford people found too expensive to buy-waa the first thing taken notice of, This had not been there a year or more before, when the little sister was born, and it was proof positive that there was nothing in the tales going around the village that the family was as poor as poverty. This rumor is one of the things that have to be eliminated from the money king's habyhood. Looking at the little house, which Is still standing, or at the pictures of it, one gets this impression from the queer, cramped little windows-one up close to the front door- the one little wooden doorstep without porch or shelter, the "shanty! kitchen and kitchen door next to it, And then there was the aggravating reserve which his mother had shown about this and other matters. There was a of D. Garden. There was a great, beautiful) tree just outside tho door, and the house stood high enough to look down on luxuriant yerdure all around from the front door, so that the little money prince looked out on a comfortable place that first summer. The second and the third, when he began to toddle out.of doors, he found a pasture fenced in directly ahead of the front door and beyond that a creek for wading and for " minnies," that showed as plain as the stones themselves through the clear water. Inside the yard there was a swing, and chickens and turkeys to help feed, and a garden to weed. Mrs. Rockefeller, who was the "best manager anywhere around," made the little boy understand that there was nobody but him to do these things. Then there was Sunday, in which there was Mttle work and no play hind bible stortes to read, unless the stranger whom the children hardly knew as their father came home. he did there were strange and terrible doings In the village-driving, and Even Saved Went Fishing horse trading, good storjes, wonderful shooting which never missed the mark, and long distance shooting with a wonderful gun that had a telescope attached. If one doesn't follow the track of the father.a littie way here ope cannot understand what the Rockefeller baby had in him, even then, when was running around barefoot, to make him later the richest man In the world. s Got Acquainted a with His Father, He himself was only just beginning to get acquainted with the stranger who came, and wouldn't haye understood what It meant if he had been told that the little known father was a "good fellow." Like all g00d fellows, even more in the country than in the clty, he had appeared attractive, well dressed, high spirited, good humored, and like a man of the world when he used to drive into Moravia to see Lucy Davison. Mr. and Mrs. Davison were the most well to do couple, had the ‘best farm, and the most well brought up young familly, and also the best ‘house around Moravia. They were of Puritan stock and were Intensely and conventlonally religious, and never ran off after any strange ventures or had any idols except respectability. Lucy was the flower of the family and of the village, as young Mr. Rockefeller saw when he first drove Into the town A few months afterward he drove out of it with her as his wife, In spite of the fact that all of the Davisons were dead set against it and made strenuous opposition. H ad an unusually fine rig that day, and they drove right over to the little house which " Bill" had fixed up over In Richford. Here there was the usual honeymoon happiness, and here, a year tater, Lucy was born. Here, a Ittle later still, it began to develop to the one upon whom devolved the bringing up of the family what was meant by being a ‘good fellow," and what it was to summer and winter with one. It meant curious glances, pitying remarks from the neighbors, bility and missing all the old ‘landmarks of respectareligion, not to mention that it would prob- ably lead to sure poverty in the end. Put, worst it meant that the children would probably go wrong instead of the right way. , a Was of in all the we Not aMixer. Between the first and the second baby the greatest foolishness of girlhood often turns into the deepest of wisdom. <A great scientist says that the children born after the mother has been through some great mental crisis come with the determining motives of their career upon them. It was so with Stead, Victor Hugo, and Richard Waecner, who came into the world with the zeal WAS Money, Never by Himsell. to play wonderful parts. Perhaps !t was the same with the little money prince When he was only 4, which was the last summer before they moved away from Richford, he showed that he wasn't a "mixer" when the other boys would come up fo the cool little spot In front of their place to go fishing. He and Lucy and the new little brother fished down ‘here, and he didn't hail the boys from the village with delight, which perhaps wasn't to be wondered at when one considered how they asked him questions about his father. ‘He was always silent and grave said one of these village hoys since He was different from his brothers and different from all the rest of us," says another. He was proud, and shy, and sensitive, and never told his ambitions except once, and this was when he was surprised out of himself one day after he got bigger. They had moved to Owego, and he and 2 boy named George Sawyer were strolling through the flelds near the schoolhouse. ‘" Jack," a few of the Owego boys began to call him, suddenly sald; "What do you intend to be when you're a man, George?" George pondered deeply for a moment and then he "Well, I want to own all the land from this cornr the schoolhouse. What do you want to do, Jack?" "When I'm a man " said Jack, "i want to be worth $100,000, and I am going to be worth It, too, some ¢ Vous to a Played x Hard ai Games, It wasn't only in school, however, that he was air ferent He was good at suggesting a game at recess, and as long as the other boys fell in with it he was one of the best players among them. 3ut let some other fellow lead and determine to have his way, and John would just pglitely stand by and look on Remember, he was only 6 when he began to show these little dignified ways. There was not much time to play here, as there was more work to do than at Richford even, though Mr Rockefeller, who was having one of his "up" streaks in luck, hired a mam to take care of the farm. John had to milk and learned so that he could do it as well as anybody before he got to be 7. This was one of the ways in which he was different-in learning whatever he took hold of the best he could and making a business of it We have his own word for this, although he does not try to explain it The psychologist, however, would easily find a reason in that Intense purpose which animated his mother and made her take great and definite eare about things both before and after he was born. It was about this time when the children's father began to take a hand In their training. He was a dare- A BOY. devil in his way and not afraid of anything. One of the things he used to do when he came home to Moravia was to set the two oldest boys up against each other and make them box. They kept it up until one or the other was hit or getting the nosebleed. His father also taught him to drive a hard bargain and not be afraid of people. He began ‘to drive horses here, to keep turkeys and chickens, and to count up the money that he made and gave it. There was a little cousin in Moravia named was savin William Miller. When John his money from the turkeys the cousin was thinking how he could have a good time; and It is often pointed out that, while John is a money prince, this cousin is still keeping a little shop and selling papers. All of which doesn't go to show that John was any better than the cousin or his more natural brothers but what ¢omes from setting an early start in disposition and training. s . "Stood In'' with Teacher. Another little way he had which was different from the rest of the boys was "standing in" with the teacher. He didn't go to school until after the strange father came home one day and moved his family to Moravia. There he had bought a farm and on it there was a good house, a great improvement on the little house it Richford, a larger house, with rooms and windows on both sides of the front door. John wag 6, the taacher, who boarded at their house, sald he might start to school. She was Miss Andrews, a pretty young gipl, and to the tittle boy she was the loveliest and most wonderful person he had ever known. The best apples and flowers he could find went to her desk, and he expressed this kind of admiration with a great deal more independence than the other little boys. He also had a great way of hanging around and finding out a)l that she could tell him. He was not a handsome little chap then, as he had that long Jaw depth in front of the ear which always gives the one who has It a freakish look but which means that he has tenacity and other unusual mental qualities . Religion Not Forced on Him, There were some other things Inherited with eee environment had nothing to do. One was being re Sious, for that his mother had taught him. The little Rockefellers didn't go to Sunday school and chureh a8 much wag a iti Richford boys. as other little country town," as little country towns go, and at Mopayia Me Rockefeller was so delicate that she never went buted. of the house. John's father, whatever else he fe reed he was at bome to hitch up. So lt was when the. to Owego, when John was about-11, that they first came within church influence; and John took to it Uk © @ duck to water. At Owego he learned to swim In the Shia potatoes ong and here he went to work to dig nelgh. Here he saved what he got and | bor's farm. out at Interest, farned the trick of putting bis money ondary where he began to plan what he woul@ or be; that he tola the at least it was soon after this be worth go Matthews boy about what he was going to |