Show I THE INVENTOR OF THE TYPEWRITER I By 81 ELMO LIMO SCOTT WATSON click HE-click and clatter da cl of oft t the keys kerl were IlIen silenced it u the visitors pa beside be side the desk delk from which L lu j the the noise Daise came Whit What are you jou au dolO doing Im rm writing an in article on the typewriter I 1 know you au are art I t eon can see ee that fur tur myself tint lint what's what It Its It about the lilt h t typewriter Oh now how 1 t un understand I Youre You're writing an article ABOUT the typewriter type writer ON the typewriter nut hut why Well you yon see sec February 14 happens hap p pens pen to t tH be the anniversary of ot the birth of Christopher Latham Sholes and he be Ob yes he was VII the chap who ho Invented the typewriter wasn't be bej het 1 That Tint depends upon what bat you m mean mun n when you OU la say Inventor be b became because cause came Yes Tea a treat great deal does docs depend upon the definition of ot that word I At least a dozen adMen men meo did the plo pio pioneering work that eventually resulted re re- suited lUlled In tb the modern speed high writing machine of then them has some lome claim to the title of ot father of the typewriter or to the honor of being It Its Inventor rr Probably bab the first effort to produce pro pro- produce duce a writing machine was made by blO ia as English engineer named lI Henry lien Hen nr n- n r ry 7 1714 i A patent Issued to toMm toMm Mm hIm b by Quern queen Anne on January januar 7 of ot that year Jear states that he be Invented Invent ed d and brought to perfection an art or- or t m machine or method for tor the Impression or transcribing of ot letters simply or one after atter another soother as lIS In writing whereby all writings writing whatsoever may maT be en grated la to paper aper or parchment so 10 neat and exact is II not to be distinguished die dis I from print that said machine or et method may be of great use In settlements and public records rec the being deeper and more lasting than other writ writIng In lag Ing and end not to be erased or coun counterfeited without manifest disco cry ery erl Except for tor this patent which Is II filed In In the patent office there Ii is however no other record of ot the principles of ot operation of ot h lv J tolls Mills machine The same lame li is true of a writing machine which Is la said laId to have been Invented l In France lu 1784 So neither Mill nor this unknown unknown un un- known Frenchman have hue an any ver very valid claim to the title of ot Inventor Inventor tor of ot the typewriter I I I Pint First Claimant i The first real claimant tl to that title wit was so an o An American William Austin Hurt a a. native Dative of Massachusetts letl wb where re be was born bora June IS 13 1702 but of Michigan ID In 1829 when he be Invented his hll typographer r At any rate the record of ot his Invention in the United States te nr declares declare that I this patent the actual construction n of a typewriting machine ma chine for the tim In an any coup coun try It U then describes the working of the typographer ai II follows The type tnt are ar arranged on the under under un un- der side Ilde of ot a s segment carried by a aleer alever alever lever leer pivoted to swing awing vertically and horizontally The Tb desired character la II brought to the printing point b by moving this lever horizontally to a position over oter the tame same character In the In In- dex and tb the th Impression la Is made by bl theo then depressing the lever leftt Several styles of type ma may be used oled and the they are arranged In two rows row on the lever Iner These Thue rows rowl o of type can caD be shifted on oa the lever leftt to bring either one ono to the printing point The paper li Is carried on OD an endless end less leas band blind which travels crosswise on the machine and this band U Is It v i r ry y t f fir 1 1 t WILLIAM AUSTIN BURT moved mond for letter spacing b by the im tat lever Iner every time the levela lever leve leverIs la Is dl depressed to print The Th line space Illace li le made b by shift In the tb frame carrying the tb printing mechanism toward the front or th the tear rear of the machine the paper piper remaining re stationary Ink laic pads pada are ar located at each fach side of ot the tb Impression point and sod all tb its e type except the one ODe on la In printing p DO po sHio Imon ant every time limit the In ha kever I Is ta depressed N iedA A MA dial li is provided watch lad Ind Cites esles the len length b of f f paper aper In Inch which bas baa passed the th printing pots polo t lu In printing each neb lIa line Hoe and ai as th tit r operator knows knots the tLe width of ot the paper paper pa per pt being used tb the time Iliac to ato Ito atoP p P r I I r 1 ti 4 f r i i'S S 'S Sr tt r q Ji ll Mill Eileen Donohue Donahue as II she appeared In n the costume of the seventies seven seven- ties ei In a skit presented by th the New York Y W. W C. C A A. A as al a part of 0 the celebration In 1933 to mark th the sixtieth anniversary of ot the Invention of of Into th the modern Dullness business the i typewriter and th the entrance women world orld The typewriter shown hown In n this picture I is I. the original model per per- reeled by Christopher Latham from which the tho first manufactured ma machine was Will copied riming printing at ot the end of ot the line Une Is Indicated Principle Reversed This Indicates that the Ibe pIe le of Hurts Hurt's machine was aa the re- re terse erie of ot that on moil modern ern machines In n the typographer the type moved at the tile Imprint of ot each letter until the end of the lino IIno was wai reached cached and Ind Instead of ot returning the i carriage as aa Is I do done De on a modem mod mod- em ern rn n typewriter the frame carrying the tho 10 printing mechanism m was shifted back ack to the starting starling point while the paper per Itself remained motionless Hurt obtained type for tor his bis mabine machine ma ma- chine bine from John Shelton editor and aad proprietor of the Detroit Gazette and nd Shelton on lIa May 21 5 1820 wrote the he first letter On the new lIew con con- It was addressed to Marn Mar Mar- tin n Von Van then secretary of state and said Ild This 1 U II a aped specimen men of ot printing done one by bl me on Mr lIr hurts hurt's replier apher You will observe Tome iome some In In- accuracies la in the situation of ot the letters These Theae are owing to the Imperfections of ot the machine It having bulna been made In 10 the woods of f Michigan where no proper proper tools could be obtained b by the Inventor who In la the construction ot of It merel merely wished to teat the pIes les of ot It therefore taking taUna little pains pain In 10 making It 1 I am sm satisfied from Cram rom m my knowledge of the printing business as 81 well us III from the operation opera opera- lion Ion of ot the rough machine with which I 1 am printing that the typographer will b be ranked with the tho most must novel us useful ful and pleasing In In- of th the age Ie On 00 Jul July 23 23 1821 1 patent No signed II b by y c nt Andrew v Jackson Jack son and Secretary Van Duren was Will granted to Hurt for tor his bla typographer The original model of ot th tb machine was lost In lU the fire of ot De Do- December December cember 13 15 1830 which destroyed the he patent once office and all I. I Its con con- tents L Found No Market hurts hurt's Invention was so sa far tar In la advance of the times limes that It found no market so 10 he be turned hla bis attention atten- atten Ion tion to other things Among them wai was the Invention ot of the solar cow corn pass pa an Instrument which remedied remedied reme died variations of a magnetic needle due dua to local ocal causes and his bit Merest interest In Internal Improvements In n Michigan a territory The latter tatter In eluded a project for a canal around the falls faU la In St. St Marys Mary's river the Forerunner of the present canal at Sault St. St Marie Jarle so 0 hurts hurt's fame as Father Fathe of ot the Soo 00 Canal is ta secure secure se so- cure even If f his right to the title litre of Father of ot the Typewriter has hu never been firmly established During the next nest few Cew years a num Dum bee jer of ot writing machines machine of ot one ODe sort lor I or another made matle their appearance The first t of ot these theae and on ono one which showed a nearer Dearer approach to the modern typewriter was Charles Thurber's printer which be he patent patentS patented ed August 20 6 1813 IS 13 The Grit first machine to use cantin halls roll roU paper feed teed Instead of ot an endless strip of tape as al originated b by Hurt lIure was 81 Invented by bl John It U. t Fairbanks who produced his bit phonetic pho writing machine patented Sept September 17 11 1550 On May ala 20 O io John II n. Cooper Coop Coop- er pat patented a writing machine which exhibited for tor the lint first time tb the principle of ot printing hammer against a wheel beel or disc dine which corresponds very closely to tb the modern modera type typewriting typewriting writing machine In Ia June 1816 1510 Alfred B. B Beach editor of ot the Scientific American brought oat out a mechanical writer whose who principle pi war waa to record railed raised letters letter Instead of ot printing them It contained the Oral fleet alignment align aUn- ment of ot type bart bars in a circle delivering de de- delivering livering their Impression on a com common m. m moo mon center First Portable In to Dr S 8 S. W. W Francis of or N New NewYork I York added to to this form torm of writing g I machine the th pianoforte keyboard d action for the first lint time lime Thu s greatly simplified the method o ol 01 f the ke keys In 1801 Thomas nail Hall of ot New NewYork NewYork York who Is I. said to have perfected the first portable typewriting machine machine ma ma- chine a model of ot a larger Instrument instrument ment on which he be was working was the first to use an Inked ribbon for Cor recording the letters letten and characters In the meantime another American Amerl Ameri can living In to England Will was working on an In Invention which was to have hare havea a direct bearing upon the development development develop develop- ment merit of the typewriter tYlle In Its It pres eDt eat form and to give him a strong claim to the title of Inventor of ot the typewriter He Ile lie was John Pratt born In tn Unionville S. S C. C I April 14 U 1831 and for several years after his bis graduation from tram Cokesbury Cokes Cokes- I bur bury college In 1819 IS 18 19 ID a Journalist and lawyer In n the South In ISI 1804 Pratt and his bis wife went to England where here he devoted hi bis atten atten- attention tion to perfecting a writing machine which he lie called the for which be he was granted a British patent pat ent ant In ISCO According to the National Na No of ot American Biography which calls him the inventor Inventor In Inen en tor of the typewriter and anti which says say that his Ids was the first working typewriter that ever secured a asale asale sale Pratt claimed four operations as requisite to the accomplishment of his purpose They were That It was necessary to bring any aDy one of a number of ot types at the will of ot the operator and In arbitrary succession to common point to form a colored or other legible character at that common point to feed the paper across the om common man point 10 so as DI to make proper Intervals between the letters and the words to o prepare a device delce for bringing the paper readily and speed speedily back to tots its ts starting point with an ao Interval between the lines lInell his machine was exhibited before the Society of ot Arts Artl and a paper read tend b by the Inventor before that hat society printed In Its Jour nal In that same laDle year rear also be he made and sold lold several of his machines ma ma- machines chines rhine lu to London among the purchasers pur chasers being Sir diaries Charles Wheatstone Wheat stone and aDd Dr hence Rence Jones the au an author thor of a a Life Lite of Farada Faraday Three Thre Cranks Cranke nut But more Important still In the history of ot the typewriter was the tact fact that during the winter of 1800 07 OT In a little machine Ih shop p In the outskirts of t the city of ot Milwaukee Ms IVIL three middle aged thoughtful and working bard men tsen looked upon aa II cranks by their neighbors neighbor were each bard hard at work on 00 a pet Invention invention Inn tion of his bis own own So says saya The i Story of the Typewriter Issued bythe bythe by the Historical society of ot county count New York In 1023 It U con One of ot these thelle men meo Christopher Latham Sholes a printer and newspaper news newspaper paper man was waa engaged enraged In develop develop- ing In ng a machine for tor numbering serially serial serial- I ly the pages of blank books In this work he be bad Interested one of t the others otherl Samuel W. W Soule while the third of the group up Carlos Glidden put In his bla time tiro trying to Invent a mechanical sunder ader to take the place of a plow Chance caused these three men to drop the Inventions lions on which hleb they had been workIng work worl workIng Ing and to pool ool their Interests In lU anew a anew anew new and Ind far greeter greater undertaking According to on one story the Idea arose out of a remark made by Gild den while white the paging machine wa was nearing completion Why cannot such luch a machine be made tha that will write letters and words and not nol OK Og urea area on only 1 A subsequent article inthe In Inthe Inthe the Scientific A an describing the model of th the a machine machine ma chine thine designed for Just such a purpose purpose pur pan pose but hut never perfected came 1111 aa as alID asan an ID additional suggestion to them Then a chance visit laU to the Mil Milwaukee waukee machine shop of oI one William Wil Wll liam Ilam Q O. Oue who hid had for tor many years eara been n dreaming of ot the Invention tion of or a typewriter completed th the e circuit of suggestion that set Glidden D sad Iud Soule to working g wholeheartedly and end to the exclusion tulu I lion sion of everything else on the new Idea tIeL A practical ti mechanic 1111 11 nil Matthis Mat Mat- till thus Schwalbach who I had bad helped Shores develop his bis paging m machine was wai added to the group of ot experimenters experimenters expert expert- menters In the little machine shop and proved quite a handy bandy man men both bothIn In carrying out Ideas and anti suggestions lint nut Sholes was vas as the man with the big Idea and to him the Invention Invention tion lion of the first practical typewriter Is II credited John Alden Descendant Shores was a descendant of ot John and and was born In Columbia county count Pennsylvania February 14 14 1810 1819 At the B age e of fourteen Courteen he was wai apprenticed to the editor of at the Danville Ia Ps Intelli lIcer to learn the printing busi busy busyness business ness but at lit the age of ot eighteen be he decided to join Jolo his brother who was then living In Green Day ISay Wis Two years leara later Sholes went to Madison J and took charge charre of ot the Wisconsin Inquirer owned o by his bis brother Charles and In 1810 he be edIted edited ed ed- the Southport later Kenosha Telegraph Four years later he be bf- bf came the postmaster there and after atter moving to Milwaukee was p postmaster ter In that city lie He was 1181 also editor ed of ot the Sentinel and the News ew commissioner of pub public lie works and aDd collector of ot customs It was during during dur duro ing his hi career In this office that ho he became Interested In making a anum numbering num aam- bering machine and anti working with the other two men In their little machine machine ma ma- chine shop on a writing machine A One One Letter Letter Affair The first machine which he |