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Show Review of the Year 1930 y at Home and in Other Lands Unemployment and Economic Depression Generally Prevalent Prev-alent Steps Toward World Peace Democrats Win in United States Elections South American Revolutions. By EDWARD W. PICKARD pltOSrEKITY, which was "Just around the corner" at the beginning begin-ning of 1030, gave the world no more than an occasional glimpse of her face during the year. Business depression, depres-sion, Increasing unemployment, continuing con-tinuing low prices for agricultural products and declining markets for k securities prevailed generally. ( Skilled observers professed to see war clouds again gathering over the Balkans, but notable steps were taken In the direction of world peace and disarmament. The United States, Great Britain and Japan signed the London naval limitation treaty, and toward the close of the year there were Indications that France and Italy, settling their parity dispute, would make It a five-power pact. Some progress was achieved by the preparatory disarmament commission of the League of Nations. The revision revi-sion of German reparations, known as the Young plnn, was adopted by all nations concerned and put into effect, although Germany was not hopeful of Its ultimate success. The evacuation of the Rhlneland by the allied forces was completed. China's long, bloody and confused civil war ended In victory for the Nationalist Na-tionalist government. Popular and military mil-itary revolutions upset the governments govern-ments of five Latin-American republics. repub-lics. Though governmental and other agencies In the United States strove throughout the year to relieve the unfortunate un-fortunate economic conditions, results of these efforts were slow in appearing. appear-ing. Consequently the voters went to the polls in November and expressed their dissatisfaction In the customary manner. There was a Democratic landslide that covered most of the country and the Republican party virtually vir-tually lost Its control of both houses of the congress that convenes in March, 1031. However, the national leaders of the victorious Democrats pledged their party to co-operation with the Republican administration in all measures designed to bring prosperity pros-perity around that corner, and business busi-ness was reassured by the promise that there would be no attempt for .gome time to revise the tariff act passed in June. Industrial and financial distress in the United States was greatly increased in-creased by drought that prevailed all summer in the Mississippi and Ohio ' river states and extended as far east as the Virginias. National and state governments afforded speedy relief to the sufferers. As winter neared numerous numer-ous organizations throughout the country coun-try went into action to alleviate the unemployment situation, their aim being be-ing to supply those out of work with jobs rather than charity doles. Public building and highway projects were started and speeded up, and great industrial in-dustrial and transportation concerns sought means to increase the number of their employees. All In all, 1930 was not a happy year for the world. INTERNATIONAL j THREE mouths of Intensive debate, diplomatic negotiation, study of experts' ex-perts' figures and mutual concessions brought forth the London naval treaty, which was signed on April 22 by the delegates of the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy, By this pact the first three powers agreed to the extension of the Washington treaty so that the reduction and limitation limi-tation of their navies should apply to cruisers and lesser vessels. France and Italy failed utterly to reach an accord as to what their relative naval strength should be. Consequently they subscribed to only those parts of the London treaty that provided for a battleship building "holiday" and prescribed various rules designed to humanize submarine warfare. France and Italy held intermittent conversations during the rest of the ' year, but could not settle their differ ences. The one insurmountable obstacle obsta-cle was Italy's demand that her right to naval parity with France be admitted, ad-mitted, and France's fiat refusal to en her friendship with these states by offering credits. During the year there were many Indications that Italy was drawing into in-to close co-operation with Germany and Russia. After being ratified by all the nations na-tions concerned, the Young plan for reparations was put Into effect on May 0. Gates V. McGarrah of New York already had been elected president presi-dent of the bank for International settlements set-tlements created by the plan. On May HI the last of the French troops In the Rhineland began moving out. the evacuation evac-uation being completed June 30. A separate reparations settlement was signed in April by Hungary, Austria and the states In the little- entente. Frank B. Kellogg, former secretary of state of the United States, was elected a member of the World Court In September to fill out the term of Charles Evans Hughes. The mandate commission of the League of Nations made in August its long awaited report on the Palestine conflicts between Jews and Arabs, placing the blame on Great Britain. In the fall the British government announced an-nounced a new policy concerning Palestine Pales-tine which would stop for the present any further Immigration of Jews into the Holy . Land. Zionists everywhere protested vigorously and President Chaim Weizmann and other chief oHi-cers oHi-cers of the World Zionists organization organiza-tion resigned. Russia's Great Conspiracy Story. Early in November the government of Russia announced that it had uncovered un-covered a gigantic plot against the Soviet regime- in which a number of "capitalistic" states were said to he Involved. Among many Individuals who were alleged to have a part in the conspiracy were Former Premier Poincare and Foreign Minister Briand of France and Sir Henri Deterding. British oil magnate. Eight Russian engineers were put on trial, confessed and were sentenced to terms in prison. Paris and London looked on the whole thing as a "frame-up." Late in January Mexico severed diplomatic dip-lomatic relations with Russia because of alleged Communist insults. In the United States the advocates of a policy of resumption of relations with the Soviet government were Jolted by revelations that the latter had been selling wheat short on the American grain exchanges, aiding in the demoralization demoral-ization of prices. At the same time 1: became evident that the Moscow government gov-ernment was dumping grain in the European markets at prices far below the cost of produ tion. The whole affair created a great stir here and abroad but nothing much could be done about it. FOREIGN v GREAT BRITAIN'S Labor government govern-ment struggled manfully throughout through-out the year to solve the nation's economic eco-nomic problems, hut found that this could not be done in a short time. Unemployment Un-employment continued to increase, passing the two million mark in June, and industrial depression was little lightened if at all. However, no one seemed to have a better solution to offer than Prime Minister MacDonald and his ministers, so they held on to their power. They had the aid of a national advisory council. Chancellor Snowden devised a satisfactory budget that was by no means socialistic, and parliament passed some of the legislation legisla-tion asked by the government. Two matters of vast import demanded de-manded ouch attention from the British Brit-ish empire's rulers. One was the effort ef-fort to develop the empire as an economic unit, and the imperial conference confer-ence which was held in London undertook under-took this task. The various dominions were represented by some of their best minds and the discussions continued con-tinued until well into November. But the results were extremely disappointing. disappoint-ing. The main issue wns economic cooperation, co-operation, and in this nothing was accomplished ac-complished because the dominions and the British government could not agree concerning free trade, protection and preferential rates within the emnlre. In prison but their civil disobedience campaign never slackened. One of its frequent manifestations was the making mak-ing of salt contrary to the laws. The All-India congress, consisting largely of Gandhi's adherents, decided to boycott boy-cott the roumltiible conference arranged ar-ranged for late in the year, because their demand was for the absolute independence in-dependence of India. The roundtable conference opened in London November 12 with much pomp and ceremony, the native princes, the Hindus, the Moslems and even the "untouchables" being represented by their ablest men and by two brilliant women. The Indians made It clear they would accept nothing less than dominion status, and some of them bitterly attacked the British methods of rule In India. The problem before the conference and the government was so complex that there was no chance for Its solution for many months. One definite decision reached was that Burma should be made a separate dominion. In the Canadian national election on July 2S the Conservatives completely upset the Liberal government headed by Prime Minister W. L. Mackenzie King and secured a comfortable majority ma-jority in :he dominion parliament, and Richard B. Beimel t, their lender, be came prime minister. The new government govern-ment took steps at once to relieve the unemployment situation and to help the farmers, one being the almost complete com-plete discontinuance of Immigration from Europe. German Fascists Win. As in most other countries, political events in Germany reflected the prevailing discontent of the people, and there it was aggravated by the feeling that they were oppressed by the reparations. Chancellor Mueller and his cabinet resigned in March because of dissatisfaction with the ratification of the Young plan and with the budget and financial reforms proposed. Dr. Heinrich Bruening. Centrist Cen-trist leader, became chancellor and formed a ministry of members of the five middle parties. The National Socialists So-cialists and the Communists kept up continual agitation and President Hin-denburg Hin-denburg dissolved the reichstag on July 18. In the elections which were held September 14 the National Socialists, So-cialists, commonly called the Fascists, won a most surprising and tremendous victory. They increased the number of their seats in the reichstag from 12 to 107, and their popular vote from 800,000 to more than 6,000.000. Their titular leader Is Adolf Hitler who. being be-ing an Austrian, could not be elected to the reichstag. France, Spain and Italy. One small provision in the finance bill brought a vote of lack of confidence in the French chamber of deputies in February and the Tardieu ministry was forced ,to resign. It was succeeded by a Radical-Socialist cabinet cab-inet formed by Chautemps which was defeated on its first appearance. Tardieu Tar-dieu then was recalled, and held on through a stormy summer and fall, but early in December the senate forced him and his cabinet to resign, and Theodore Steeg undertook to form a new ministry. min-istry. France maintained her position ' as one of the most prosperous countries coun-tries of Europe, and gathered an immense im-mense store of gold. She was largely preoccupied with national defense and went ahead with her plan for a powerful pow-erful chain of fortifications on her eastern frontier. Gen. Primo de Rivera, who had been dictator of Spain for more than six years, resigned on January 28, partly part-ly under compulsion, when faced with the threat of a military revolt. He was succeeded by Gen. D'amaso Ber-enguer. Ber-enguer. -Throughout the year there-were there-were repeated strikes, food riots and violent demonstrations by students and in the middle of December a serious rebellion broke out in the northern part of the country. Economy was the continual cry of the Italian government, Premier Mussolini Mus-solini being its spokesman, and his measures toward that end were put through with thoroughness and dispatch. dis-patch. They extended to the reduction reduc-tion of salaries of all governmental employees, who. are remarkably numerous num-erous there, and all employers were urged to follow suit. In compensation, the cost of living was brought down by the lowering of prices of food and other necessities. At the same time the Duce continued his program of extensive public works, like drainage and restoration of waste lands, giving giv-ing employment to many men. Carol on Rumanian Throne. Carol, former crown prince of Rumania, Ru-mania, with the aid of prominent Rumanians, Ru-manians, executed a startling coup d'etat In June. From his exile in France he Hew to his native country coun-try in an airplane and two days later the parliament declared him king and his little son, who had held the title, heir to the throne. Carol soon began planning for his coronation, but his estranged wife declined to he reconciled recon-ciled and the statesmen said the ceremony cere-mony could not be held unless she were present or the marriage were dissolved. As a result of this dispute Premier Manlu resigned In October and Carol went ahead with his plans. An interesting if not important event was the marriage on October 25 of King Boris of Bulgaria and Princess Giovanua, daughter of the king and queen of Italy. Latin-American Revolutions. Revolt flamed In four South American Amer-ican republics. Four men who had been virtual dictators were ousted. Four new governments were established. As a preliminary to these events there was a revolution In the Dominican republic in February, the immediate cause being the announced intention of President Horacio Vasquez to stand for re-election. After a few skirmishes Vasauez was forced out of ollice, be ing succeeded temporarily by General Gen-eral L'rena. Elections were held on May 1G and Gen. Rafael Trujillo was chosen president and inaugurated three months later. Bolivia was uexl on the list. There Dr. Hernando Siles tried, like Vasquez, to perpetuate his rule and was driven from ollice in May by the Insurgents. He was permitted to take refuge in Chile, and his much hated right hand man. Gen. Hans Kundt of Prussia, tied back to his German home. A military mili-tary junta took over the government, its chief being Gen. Carlos Blanco Gallindn. Peru followed suit in August. The ollirers of the army led a 'movement against President Augusto B. Legtiia who had held the ollice for more than ten years and considered himself almost al-most irremovable. He was forced to resign, turning ovei his powers to a military junta, and later Lieut. Col. Luis M. Sanchez Cerro was made provisional pro-visional president. Leguia had been recognized as an efficient business president and Peru made great material ma-terial strides during his regime, but the revolutionists accused him of "denial "de-nial of civil liberties" and also of nepotism and the sale of concessions. He was Imprisoned to await trial. Late in August l'resident Hipolito Irigoyeu of Argentina was warned by bis minister of justice that a revolution revolu-tion might break out immediately. A few days later the prediction was fulfilled, ful-filled, the high army and navy ollicers lending their commands in a revolt that speedily ousted the aged chief executive, who was seriously ill. Only in Buenos Aires vac there anypopular opposition to the revolution, and this was soon quelled with some bloodshed. blood-shed. Gen. Jose Francisco Uriburu, chief of the insurgents, became the provisional president ou September 6. Irigoyen for years had enjoyed great personal popularity In Argentina, was president from 1916 to 1022 and was elected again in 192S. But he had he come senile and sick and -lost his hold on the people. Vargas Rules Brazil. Brazil's revolution broke .out early in October and was In a way a war between the states, the leader of each striving to seize the central govern ment. The term of President Washington Washing-ton Luis was soon to expire but his favored candidate. Dr. Julio Prestes, president of the state of Sao Paulo, had been elected, allegedly by fraud. The defeated liberal candidate, Dr. Getulio Vargas, former president of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, started start-ed a revolt to prevent the inauguration inaugura-tion of Prestes, and the movement spread to state after state, all the insurgent armies converging on Rio de Janeiro, the national capital. The government resisted stubbornly, but considerable parts of the army and navy deserted it and after a few weeks of bloody fighting Luis was ousted. The members of the junta that took over the government at once began quarreling and scheming, but Vargas promptly came up from the south with a large force of gaucho soldiers and his authority was recognized. He was installed as provisional president on November 3. Pascual Ortiz Rubio was inaugurated inaugurat-ed as president of Mexico on February 5 and selected a strong cabinet under wliose rule the country promises to prosper. Especial attention is being paid to reorganization of agriculture and to education. f DOMESTIC " v. y WITH less cause for complaint than the peoples of most other countries, the inhabitants of the United Unit-ed States were nevertheless dissatisfied dissatis-fied and pessimistic. Overproduction by farmers and manufacturers and timidity of consumers resulted in business busi-ness depression and unemployment that lasted throughout the year, despite de-spite all efforts to restore prosperity. The great drought played its evil part, affecting conditions in the entire conn try. President Hoover's administration had another exceedingly difficult year. In the senate the Democrats were reinforced re-inforced by the radical Republicans and the coalition fought many of the Chief Executive's policies. After mure than six months of debate the senate passed the Smoot tariff hill, embracing embrac-ing two features that were obnoxious to the President. These were the export ex-port debenture provision, carried over from the old farm relief legislation, and a clause transferring the flexible tariff power from the President to congress. The -louse of representatives representa-tives eliminated these features, the seriate was forced to yield, and cm June 14 the o-called Hawley-Smoot tariff measure was finally enacted. It reached the highest protective level of any tariff law ever passed, with an average rale about 20 per cent above that of the Fordrie.v-McCumber bill of 1022. In its entirety it was satisfying satis-fying to nobody, bul President Hoover signed It because he saw in its llexible provision the means of righting its injustices. Protests again, the higher duties were received from many foreign for-eign governments. Veterans' Pension Act. There was another long and bitter wrangle over the veterans' pension bill. As first passed by congress it was wholly objectionable to the administration adminis-tration and was promptly vetoed, partly part-ly because It granted compensation for disabilities not incurred in active service and partly because It went "beyond the financial necessities of the situation." The house sustained the veto hut the sen.itc repassed the bill with some amendments. These were rejected by the representatives and a measure fairly acceptable to the administration ad-ministration was passed and signed. It Inaugurated a vast pension system for all partly or wholly disabled veterans vet-erans not already receiving compensation, compen-sation, no matter what their illness or when contracted. Soon after the enactment of this law the President put into effect the consolidation of the three bureaus that had been in charge of veterans of all wars and Appointed Gen. Frank T. Hines as chief. Some of the recommendations of the Wickersbam law enforcement commission commis-sion were adopted by congress, the most Important being the transfer of the prohibition bureau from the treasury treas-ury to the Department of Justice. The change was made on July 1. Col. Amos W. XV. Woodcock took command of the tiew bureau and former Commissioner Commis-sioner James M. Dornn was made head of a new industrial alcohol bureau bu-reau under the Treasury department. When William Howard Taft resigned re-signed as chief justice of the Supreme court on February 3. only five days before his death, President Hoover immediately named Charles Evans Hughes to succeed him. The appointment appoint-ment was confirmed by the senate with 26 votes in opposition. Then Associate Associ-ate Justice Edward Terry Sanford passed away and Mr. Hoover picked Federal Judge John J. Parker of North Carolina to fill the vacancy. Labor and negro organizations rose in opposition and the senate rejected the nomination nomina-tion by a vote of 41 to 3S). The President Presi-dent then named Owen J. Roherts for the place and he was accepted. Prohibition and the Election. Prohibition as a political Issue increased in-creased in importance as the months passed. A poll conducted by the Literary Lit-erary Digest indicated that the country coun-try was largely in favor of repeal of the Eighteenth amendment or at least of modification of the enforcement law. The liquor question was a great factor in the pre-election campaign in many states and had a decided effect on the results when the people went to the polls on November 4. The voters of Iliiuois, Rhode Island and Massa chusetts in a referendum were against prohibition by large majorities. The election turned out to be very much of a landslide for the Demo ciatic party. The Republican majori ties in both senate and house were almost wiped out for the next con gress, and many states and cities elected Democratic officials to replace Republicans. Naturally the more rabid opponents of the administration saw in all this a severe rebuke for President Presi-dent Hoover and his policies; bul sane opinion was that it was the nat urnl result of unfortunate economic conditions. With large appropriations available the farm hoard worked for the relief of agriculture by promoting and fi nancing various co-operatives; and later in the year undertook, with some success, to stabilize the price of wheat, which had fallen rapidly in all world markets. In this latter operation the board was forced to accumulate some tiling like 100,000.000 bushels of wheat, the future disposal of which was an unsolved problem. Chairman Legge of the board campaigned unceasingly for reduction of wheat acreage. Among the diplomatic appointments by the President were: Ralph H Booth, minister to Denmark; Fred M. Hearing, ambassador to Peru ; John N Willys, ambassador to Poland; Han ford XV. MacXider, minister to Canada; W. Cameron Forbes, ambassador to Japan; W. M. Jardine, minister to Egypt; Herman Bernstein, minister to Albania ; Nicholas Roosevelt, minister to Hungary, and J. Reuben Clark, Jr.. ambassador to Mexico. Taking of the fifteenth decennial census began on April 2. The final figures, announced in November, gave the population of the United States as 122,775,0-:!. The increase for the decade was about 16.1 per cent. On November 2S. President Hoover appointed William N. Doak of Vir ginia secretary of labor to succeed James J. Davis, who had been elected senator from Pennsylvania. The short session of congress opened December 2, and the President's message mes-sage was largely concerned with measures meas-ures of relief. Following to a great extent ids recommendations, congress appropriated more than one hundred millions for an emergency construction construc-tion program designed to aid the unemployment un-employment situation, and also set aside a large fund for loans to farmers who had suffered from the drought Mr. Hoover transmitted to the senate the revised protocols of the World court and asked early action on them. NECROLOGY i FjMRST among the eminent Americans Ameri-cans who died in 1030 must be placed William Howard Taft, who had been governor general of the Philip pines, chief justice of the Supreme court of the United States and President Presi-dent of the Republic. On the day Mr. Tn ft died, March 8, Associate Justice Edward Terry Sanford of the Supreme court also passed away. Elmer A. Sparry, inventor of the gyroscope, and Glenn H. Curtlss. pioneer In aviation, were taken by death, as were also Congressman Stephen G. Porter of Pennsylvania, indomitable foe of the "dope" trallic; Bishop C. P. Anderson, primate of the Episcopal church in America; Harry Payne Whitney, financier finan-cier and sportsman, and Gen. Tasker II. Bliss, chief of staff of the American Ameri-can army during the World war. Other names worthy of record are: In January George E. Woodberry, author and educator; Clare Briggs, cartoonist ; John D. Archbold, oil magnate; mag-nate; Prof. Henry J. Cox, veteran weather forecaster; Edward Bok, editor ed-itor and philanthropist; Baron Leon Cassel, noted Belgian banker; Mrs. William Jennings Bryan; Stephen T. Mather, former director of national parks; Viscount Esher of England; Mrs. Kebecca L. Felton, former senator sen-ator from Georgia; Dr. Harry B. Hutchins, president emeritus of University Uni-versity of Michigan; Rear Admirals W. V. Kimball and Thomas Snowden; Maj. Gen. Harry Taylor; Emmy Des-tinn, Des-tinn, Hungarian prima donna; Dr. XV. O. P. Faunce, president emeritus of Brown university. In February Bear Admiral XV. L. Howard; Brig. Gen. M. P. Maus, noted Indian fighter; Former Senators Fred T. Dubois of Idaho and C. F. Johnson John-son of Maine; C. A. Weyerhauser, Minnesota lumber magnate; Alexander P. Moore, American ambassador to Poland; Cardinals Perosi and Merry del Val In Rome; Mabel Normand, film star; Maj. G. II. Putnam, New York publisher; Ahmed Mlrza, former shall of Persld. In March D. H. Lawrence, English novelist ; Dr. Arthur T. Hadley, president presi-dent emeritus of Yale ; Viscount Herbert Her-bert Gladstone of England; Grand Admiral Ad-miral von Tirpitz of Germany; Primo de Rivera, former dictator of Spain; Lord Balfour, British statesman; Walter Wal-ter Eckersall, authority on athletics: In April Cosima Wagner, widow of the famous composer; Albert H. Washburn, American diplomat; Zau-(iitu, Zau-(iitu, empress of Ethiopia; Queen Victoria Vic-toria of Sweden; W. G. P. Harding, governor of Federal Reserve bank of Boston ; Lord Dewar of Great Britain ; Dr. H. H. Furness, Jr., Shakespearean authority ; Cardinal de Arcoverde of Rio de Janeiro; Charles Seribner, publisher; Robert Bridges, poet laureate lau-reate of England ; Adele Ritchie, actress; ac-tress; Maj. Gen. George Burnett, former for-mer commandant of the Marine corps. In May Charles S. Gilpin, noted negro ne-gro actor ; Robertus Love, poet and critic; Earl D. Church, commissioner of pensions ; Dr. Fridtjof Nnnsen, Norwegian Nor-wegian explorer ; W. J. Locke. English novelist ; Herbert D. Croly, publisher and author; Col. J. Gray Estey, organ manufacturer; William Ordway Partridge, Part-ridge, American sculptor; Lord Randall Ran-dall T. Davidson, former archbishop of Canterbury; Cardinal Lucon, archbishop arch-bishop of Reims; Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, ethnologist. In June Gen. Herbert M. Lord, former for-mer director of the budget; Herbert H. Winslow, playwright; Maj. Gen. C. A. Devol ; W. E. Nickerson, Boston financier; Chief Magistrate William McAdoo of New York city; T. De Thulstrup, illustrator; Henry C. Fol-ger, Fol-ger, oil magnate; Sir Henry O. Se-grave Se-grave of England, auto and boat speed record holder; Kirk Munroe, author " of boys' books; earl of Mar, premier nobleman of. Scotland; Melville Da-visson Da-visson Post, author; Dr. Kuno Francke of Harvard ; J. K. Vardaman, former sonator from Mississippi; Harry Stutz, automobile manufacturer; Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, pure food specialist. In July Grant Overton, author; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, English author; Maj. Gen. W. C. Neville, commandant of the Marine corps; Cardinal Vannu-telli, Vannu-telli, dean of the sacred college; Gen. von Bernhardt, German soldier and war writer; Rear Admiral A. H. Robertson; Rob-ertson; Henry Sydnor Harrison, novelist; novel-ist; Leopold vou Auer, violinist; James M. Lynch, veteran leader of International' Typographical union; Harry S. Black, New York capitalist; Field Marshal Count Oku of Japan; James Eads How, "millionaire hobo"; D. Joseph Silverman, Jewish leader of New York. In August Archbishop Messmer of Milwaukee: Siegfried Wagner, son of tl.o composer; Mrs. Isabella M. Aldeu ("Pansy"), author; J. Fred Booth, Canadian Ca-nadian lumber magnate; Edwin Clapp.. economist and financial writer; James D. Phelan, former senator from California Cali-fornia ; Maj. Gen. C. T. Menoher; Gen.. Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien of England;. Van Lear Black, publisher of Baltimore Balti-more News; SJarion Terry, English actress; Eugene Silvain, dean of French actors; duke of Northumberland; Northumber-land; Lou Chaney, screen actor; Maj. Gen. Henry T. Allen. In September Robert M. Thompson,. New Y'ork financier and sportsman; Mrs. Frederick Dent Grant ; Rear Admiral Ad-miral Simpson; S. W. Straus, financier; finan-cier; Milton Sills, stage and screen star; Capt. Boy-Ed, former German, naval attache at Washington ; John Lind of Minnesota, former governor and congressman; Dr. J. T. Dorrance, originator of condensed soup; Henry Phipps, " retired steel magnate; Philo-A. Philo-A. Otis of Chicago, civic leader ; W. L. Tomlins, noted choral conductor; Lu-cien Lu-cien W. Powell, American artist; Daniel Dan-iel Guggenheim, capitalist and philanthropist; phil-anthropist; Prince Leopold Maximilian of Bavaria; Lord Birkenhead, English, statesman. In October Rear Admiral G. W. Baird ; Allan Pinkerton, detective-agency detective-agency head; Josiah H. Marvel, president pres-ident of American Bar association;. Alexander' Harrison, American painter; paint-er; Rear Admiral H. J. Ziegemeir;. E. V. Valentine, sculptor; Geu. Valerian Valer-ian Weyler of Spain; Cardinal Casanova Casa-nova of Granada; Rear Admiral C. XV. Dyson, designer of marine engines;. Edward H. ("Snapper") Garrison, once king of jockeys. In November Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, U. S. A.; Thomas Coleman du Pont,, former senator from Delaware; T. XV. Guthrie, Pittsburgh steel magnate; 0. H. Markhnm, chairman of board of ' Illlnois Central; Capt. Otto Sverdrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer; Episcopal Bishop S. M. Griswold of Chicago; Most Rev. Austin Howling. Catholic archbishop of St! Paul; Mother Jones, labor leader. In December Courtland 11. Young, New York magazine publisher; Dr. W. E. Huntington, educator; Dr. W. E. Barton, noted churchman and milhor; Sir Otto Belt. South African diamond magnate; Father Jerome Ricard of San Jose. Calif., astronomer; Lee S. Overman, senator from North Carolina. . JiCiu mis n'im. League Receives Brland's Scheme. In September the assembly of the League of Nations listened politely while M. Briand. French foreign minister, min-ister, expounded his pet scheme for a federation of European states. Other statesmen cautiously praised the plan and It was accepted in principle by the assembly and referred to a special committee which will report to the 1931 meeting. Twenty-eight of the nations represented repre-sented at Geneva signed on October 2 a treaty guaranteeing financial aid to any signatory state that Is the victim of warlike aggression. Late in August nine of the smaller nations of central Europe held a conference con-ference in Warsaw and agreed on a concerted program of action mainly In furtherance of their agrarian interests. inter-ests. The pact was signed by P.ulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland. Hungary, Hun-gary, Latvia, Poland, Rumania and Jugoslavia. Lithuania was absent because be-cause of her political differences with Toland. France was quick to strength- Problem of India. The increasing independence of the dominions was marked by the tacit understanding that henceforth they shall have the right to accredit their own diplomats to ureign countries, and may communicate with one another an-other and with Great Britain, not through governors general, but directly. It was decided to create a tribunal for the settlement of lntraimperial disputes. The future status of India within the empire was a question that troubled the British throughout the year, and it was complicated by the non-resistance rebellion conducted by Mahatma Gandhi and his numerous followers. As Is their custom, the Communists took advantage of the situation sit-uation to convert the peaceful revolt of the Indian Nationalists Into riotous demonstrations, and the police and military forces had to handle not only these but also attacks on the northwestern north-western frontier by tribesmen. Gandhi and many of his lieutenants were put |