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Show DIVERSIFIED LAWS UOGED lil MESSAGE PRESIDENT WILSON RAPS PROMOTERS PRO-MOTERS OF VIOLENCE IN THE NATION. Tells Members of Congress That Steps Should be Taken to Rectify Labor Conditions, Cut Cost of Living and Revise Taxation. Washington. The president's message mes-sage to congress, read in the senate and the house on Tuesday, December 2, follows: To the senate and house of representatives represen-tatives : ments contained in my Inst message urging legislation with reference to the establishment of the chemical and dye-stuffs Industry In America : "Among the Industries' to which special spe-cial consideration should be given is that of the manufacture of dyestufl's and relaled chemicals. Our complete I dependence upon German supplies bo-fore bo-fore the war made the interruption of trade a cause of exceptional economic disturbance. The close relation between be-tween the manufactured dye-stuffs, on the one hand, and of explosives and poisonous gases, on the other, moreover, more-over, has given the industry an exceptional excep-tional significance and value. Must Maintain Defense. "Although the United States will gladly glad-ly and unhesitatingly join in the pro-grain pro-grain of international disarmament, it will, nevertheless, be a policy of obvious obvi-ous prudence to make certain of the successful maintenance of many strong and well equipped chemical plants. The German chemical industry, indus-try, with which we will be brought into competition, was and may well' be again, a thoroughly knit monopoly capable cap-able of exercising a competition of a peculiarly insidious and dangerous kind." During the war the farmer performed a vital and willing service to the nation. na-tion. By materially increasing the production of his land he supplied America and the allies with the increased in-creased amounts of food necessary to keep their immense armies in the field. -He Indispensably helped to win the war. But there is now scarcely less need of increasing the production in food and the necessaries of life. I ask the congress to consider means of encouraging effort along these lines. I would call your attention to the marked upon each package the selling or market price at which they went Into storage. By this means the purchaser pur-chaser would always be able to learn what profits stood between him and the producer or the wholesale dealer. I would also renew my recommendation recommenda-tion that all goods should in every case where their form or package makes it possible he plainly marked with the price at which they left the mands of the producer. We should formulate a law requiring a federal license of all corporations engaged en-gaged in interstate commerce and em-bodyjng em-bodyjng in the license, or in the conditions' con-ditions' under which it is to be issued, specific regulations designed to secure competitive selling and prevent unconscionable un-conscionable profits in the method of marketing. Such a law would afford a welcome opportunity to effect other much needed reforms in the business of interstate shipment and in the methods meth-ods of corporation which are engaged in it; but for the moment I confine my recommendations to the object immediately immedi-ately in hand, which is to lower the cost of living. Must Remove Grievances. The -failure of other nations to consider con-sider this matter In a vigorous .way has produced bitterness and jealousies and antagonisms, the food of radicalism. radical-ism. The only way to keep men from agitating against grievances is to remove re-move the grievances. An unwillingness unwilling-ness even to discuss these matters' produces pro-duces only dissatisfaction and gives comfort to the extreme elements in our country which endeavor to stir up disturbances dis-turbances in order to provoke governments govern-ments to embark upon a course of retaliation re-taliation and repression. The seed of revolution is repression. The remedy for these things must not be negative fare of those engaged In all Industries Labor must not be longer treated as a commodity. It must be regarded as the activity of human beings possessed pos-sessed of deep yearnings and desires. The business man gives bis best thought to the repair -lid replenishment replenish-ment of li is machinery, so that lis usefulness use-fulness will not be Impaired and its power to produce may always be nrJ its height and kept in full vigor nmt motion. .No less regard ought to be, paid to the human machine, which after all propels the machinery of the world and is the great dynamic force that lies back of all industry and progress. pro-gress. Return to the old standards of wage and industry in employment) are unthinkable. The terrible tragedy of war which has just been ended and which has brought the world to the verge of chaos and disaster would be in vain if there should ensue a return to the conditions of the past.. Europe itself, whence has come the unrst which now holds the world at bay, is an example of standpatism in these vital human matters which America might well accept as an example, not to be followed, but studiously to be avoided. Europe made labor the differential, dif-ferential, and the price of it all is enmity and antagonism and prostrated prostrat-ed industry. The right of labor to live in peace and comfort must be recognized recog-nized by governments and America should be the first to lay the foundation founda-tion stones upon which Industrial peace shall be built. Justice for All. Labor not only is entitled to an adequate ade-quate wage, but capital should receive a reasonable return upon its investment invest-ment and is entitled to protection at the hands of the government in evojry I sincerely regret that I cannot be present at the opening of this session of the congress. I am thus prevented from presenting in as direct a way as I could wish the many questions that are pressing for solution at this time. Happily, I have had the advantage advan-tage of the advice of the heads of the several executive departments, who have kept in close touch with affairs af-fairs in their detail and whose thoughtful thought-ful recommendations I earnestly second. sec-ond. In the matter of the railroads and the readjustment of their affairs grow-' lug out of federal control I shall take the liberty at a later day of addressing address-ing you. in character. It must be constructive. It must comprehend the general interest. inter-est. The real antidote for the unrest which manifests itself is not supres-sion supres-sion but a deep consideration of the wrongs that beset ur national life and the application of a remedy. Congress has already shown its willingness to deal with these industrial indus-trial wrongs by establishing the eight-hour eight-hour day as the standard in every field of labor. It has sought to find a way to prevent child labor. It has served the whole country by leading the way in developing the means of preserving and safeguarding lives and health in dangerous industries. It must now help in the difficult task of finding a' method that will bring about a genuine gen-uine democratization of industry, based upon the full recognition of the right of those who work, in whatever rank, to participate in some organic way in every decision which directly affects their welfare. It is with this purpose in mind that I called a conference to meet in Washington on December 1 to consider these problems in all their broad aspects, with the idea of bringing bring-ing about a better understanding between be-tween these two interests. The great unrest throughout the world, out of which has emerged a demand de-mand for an immediate consideration .of the difficulties between capital and labor, bids us put our own house in order. Frankly, there can be no permanent per-manent and lasting settlements between be-tween capital and labor which do not recognize the fundamental concepts for which labor has been struggling through the years. The whole world gave its recognition and indorsement to these fundamental purposes in the league of nations. To Speed Production. emergency. io government wortny or the name can "play these elements against each other," for there is a mutuality of interest between them which the government must seek to express and to safeguard at all cost. The right of idividuals to strike is inviolate and ought not to be interfered inter-fered with by any process of government, govern-ment, but there is a predominant right and that is the right of the government govern-ment to protect all of its people and to assert its power and majesty against the challenge of any class. The government, when it asserts that right, seeks not to antagonize a class, but simply to defend the right of the whole people as against the irreparable j harm und injury that might be done by the attempt by any class to usurp a power that only government itself has a right to exercise as a protection to all. In the matter of international disputes dis-putes which- have led to war, . statesmen states-men have sought to set up as a remedy rem-edy arbitration for war. Does this not point the way for the settlement of industrial in-dustrial disputes, by the establishment establish-ment of a tribunal, fair and just alike to all, which will settle industrial disputes dis-putes which in the past have led to war and -disaster? America, witnessing witness-ing the evil consequences which have followed out of such disputes between the contending forces, must not admit itself impotent to deal with these matters mat-ters by means of peaceful processes. Surely, there must be some method of bringing together in a council of peace and amity these two great interests, out of which will come a happier day of peace and co-operation, a day that will make for more comfort and happiness hap-piness in living and a more tolerable condition among all classes of men. Certainly human intelligence can devise de-vise some acceptable tribunal for adjusting ad-justing the differences between capita! and labor. widespread condition of political restlessness rest-lessness in our body politic. The causes' of this unrest, while various and complicated, are superficial rather than deep-seated. Broadly, they arise from or are connected with the failure fail-ure on the part of our government to arrive speedily at a just and permanent perma-nent peace, permitting return to normal nor-mal conditions, from the transfusion of radical theories from seething European Euro-pean centers pending such delay, from heartless profiteering resulting in the increase of cost of living, and lastly from the machinations of passionate and malevolent agitators. With the return to normal conditions, this unrest un-rest will rapidly disappear. In the meantime, it does much evil. It seems to me that in dealing with this situation situa-tion congress should not be impatient or drastic, but should seek rather to remove the causes. It should endeavor to bring our country back speedily to a peace basis, with ameliorated living conditions under the minimum of restrictions re-strictions upon personal liberty that is consistent with our reconstruction problems'. And it should arm the federal fed-eral government with power to deal in its criminal courts with those persons per-sons who by violent methods would abrogate our time-tested institutions. With the free expression of opinion and with the advocacy of orderly political po-litical change; however fundamental, there must be no interference, but towards to-wards passion and malevolence tending tend-ing to incite crime nnd insurrection under guise of political evolution there should be no leniency. Legislation to this end has been recommended by the attorney general and should be enacted. enact-ed. In this direct connection I would call your attention to my recommendations recommenda-tions on August 8, pointing out legislative legis-lative measures which would be effective effec-tive In controlling and bringing down the present cost of living, which contributes con-tributes so largely to this unrest. On only one of these recommendations has the congress acted. If the government's govern-ment's campaign is' to be effective, it is necessary that the other steps suggested suggest-ed should be acted upon at once. To Reduce Costs. I renew and strongly urge the necessity ne-cessity of the extension of the present food control act as to the period of time in which it shall remain in operation. opera-tion. The attorney general has submitted sub-mitted a bill providing for an exten-tion exten-tion lof this act for a period of six months. As it now stands, it is limited limit-ed in operation to the period of the war and becomes inoperative upon the formal for-mal proclamation of peace. It is imperative im-perative that it should be extended at once. The department of justice has I hope that congress will bring to a conclusion at this session legislation looking to the establishment of a budget bud-get system. That there should be one single autnnrity responsiuie for the making of all appropriations' and that appropriations should be made not independently in-dependently of each otner, but with reference to one single comprehensive plan of expenditure properly related to the nation's income, tnere can be no doubt. I believe the burden of preparing pre-paring the budget must, in the nature of the case, if the work is to be properly prop-erly done and responsibility concentrated concen-trated instead of 'divided, rest upon the executive. The budget so prepared should be submitted to and approved or amended by a single committee of each house of congress and no single appropriation -should be made by the congress except such as may have been included in the budget prepared by the executive or added by the particular committee of congress charged with the budget legislation. I trust that the congress will give its immediate consideration to the problem of future taxation. Simplification Simplifi-cation of the income and profits taxes has become an immediate necessity. These taxes performed indispensable service during the war. They must, however, be simplified, not only to save the taxpayer inconvenience and expense, but in order that his liability may be made certain and definite. Trade Exchange Necessary. The time has nearly passed for international in-ternational governmental loans and it will take time to develop in this country a market for foreign securities. securi-ties. Anything, therefore, which would tend to prevent foreign countries from ettling for our exports by shipments )i goods into this country could only have the effect of preventing them from paying for our exports and therefore there-fore of preventing the exports from being made. The productivity of the country greatly stimulated by the war must find an outlet by exports to foreign for-eign countries and any measures taken tak-en to prevent imports will inevitably curtail exports, force curtailment of Production, load the banking machinery uf the country with credits to carry Unsold products and produce industrial indus-trial stagnation and unemployment. If we want to sell, we must be prepared pre-pared to buy. Whatever, therefore, may have been our views during the period of growth of American business ;oncerning tariff legislation, we must now adjust our own economic life to a changed condition growing out of the fact that American business is full grown and that America is the greatest capitalist in the world. Must Guard Democracy. This is the hour of test and trial for America. By her prowess and strength, and the indomitable courags of her soldiers, she demonstrated hei power to vindicate on foreign fields her conception of liberty and justice Let not her influence as a mediator between capital and labor be weakened and her own failure to settle matters of purely domestic concern be proclaimed pro-claimed to the world. There are those in this country who threaten direct action to force their will upon a majority. Russia today, with its blood and terror is a painful object lesson of the power of minorities. It makes little difference what minority it is; whether capital or labor, or any other class; no sort of privilege will ever be permitted to dominate tills country. We are a partnership or nothing that is worth while. We are a democracy, where the majority are the masters, or all the hopes and purposes pur-poses of the men who founded this government have been defeated and forgotten. In America there is but on way by which great reforms can be accomplished and the relief sought by classes obtained and that is through the orderly processes of representative 1 government. Those who would propose pro-pose any other method of reform are enemies of this country. America will not be daunted by threats nor lose her composure or calmness in these distressing dis-tressing times. We can afford In the midst of this day of passion and unrest, un-rest, to be selfcontnined and sure. The instrument of all reform in America is the straight road of justice to all classes and conditions of men. Men have but to follow this road to realize ; the full fruition of their objects and purposes. Let those beware who would take the shorter road of disorder and revolution. The right road is the roud j of justice and orderly process. The statesmen gathered at Versailles Ver-sailles recognized the fact that world stability could not be had by reverting revert-ing to industrial standards and conditions condi-tions against which the average workman work-man of the world had revolted. It is, therefore, the task of the statesmen of this new day of change and readjustment readjust-ment to recognize world conditions and to seek to bring about through legislation legis-lation conditions that will mean the ending of age-long antagonisms between be-tween capital and labor anu that will hopefully lead to the building up of a comradeship which will result not only in greater contentment, among the mass of workmen, but also bring about a greater production and a greater prosperity to business itself. To analyze the particulars in the demands of labor is to admit the justice jus-tice of their complaint in many matters mat-ters that lie at their basis. The workman work-man demands an adequate wage, sufficient suf-ficient to permit him to live In comfort, com-fort, unhampered by the fear of poverty pov-erty and want in his old age. He demands the right to live and the right to work amidst sanitary surroundings, both in home and in workshop, surroundings sur-roundings that develop and do not retard re-tard his own health and well being; and the right to provide for his children's chil-dren's wants in the matter of health and education. In other words, it is his desire to make the conditions of , his life and the lives of those dear to j him tolerable and easy to bear. The establishment of the principles regarding labor laid down in the covenant cove-nant of the league of nations offers us the way to industrial peace and conciliation. con-ciliation. No other road lies open to us. Not to pursue this one is longer to invite enmities, bitterness and antagonisms an-tagonisms which in the end only lead to industrial and social disaster. The unwilling workman is not a profitable servant. An employe whose industrial j life is hedged about by hard and tin- ; just conditions which he did not create cre-ate and over which he has no control, lacks that fine spirit of enthusiasm and volunteer effort which are the necessary ingredients of a great producing pro-ducing entity. Rights of Labor Governments must recognize the right of men collectively to bargain for humane objects that have at their base the mutual protection and wel- built up extensive machinery for the purpose of enforcing its provisions ; all of which must be abandoned upon the conclusion of peace unless the provisions provi-sions of this act are extended. During this period the congress will have an opportunity to make similar permanent provisions and regulations with regard to all goods destined for interstate commerce and to exclude them from interstate shipment if the requirements of the law are not complied com-plied with. Some. such regulation is Imperatively necessary. The abuses that have grown up in the manipulation manipula-tion of prices by the withholding of foodstuffs and other necessaries of life cannot otherwise be effectively prevented. pre-vented. There can be no doubt of either the necessity or the legitimacy of such measures. To Curb Storage Abuse. I also renew my recommendation that the congress pass a law regulating regulat-ing cold storage' as it is regulated, for example, by the laws of the state of New Jersey, which limit the time during dur-ing which goods may be kept in storage, stor-age, prescribe the method of disposing dispos-ing of them if kept beyond the permitted per-mitted period and require that goods released from storage shall in all cases hear the date of their receipt. It would materially add to the serviceability of the law, for the purpose we now have in view, if it were also prescribed that all goods released from storage for interstate in-terstate shipment should have plainly For Soldier Relief. I am sure it is not necessary for me again to remind you that there is one immediate and very practicable question ques-tion resulting from the war which we should meet in the most liberal spirit. It is a matter of recognition and relief re-lief to our soldiers. I can do no better bet-ter than to quote from my last message mes-sage urging this very action : "We must see to it that our returning return-ing soldiers are assisted in every practicable prac-ticable way to find the places for which they are fitted in the daily work of the country. This can be done by developing develop-ing and maintaining upon an adequate scale the admirable organization created cre-ated by the department of labor for placing men seeking work; and it can also be done, in at least one very great field, by creating new opportunities for individual enterprise. The secretary of the interior has pointed out the way by which returning soldiers may be helped to find and take up land in the hitherto undeveloped regions of Hie country which the federal government govern-ment has already prepared or can readily prepare for cultivation and also on many of the cutover or neglected areas which lie within the limits of the older states; and I once more take the liberty of recommending very urgently ur-gently that his plans shall receive the immediate and substantial support of the congress." In the matter of tariff legislation, I beg to call your attention to the state- |