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Show 1 LEOPARD MOTH IS DANGEROUS TREE PEST fXKmv&rtrti Wtfy 1 IN ;i Yr '- (iwoH v I .0 I ', Leopard Moth A, Adult Female; B, Adult Male; C, Larva; D, Empty Pupal Case. severe as to render it necessary to establish a system of inspection. Wherever possible the bisulphid of carbon should be used. Care should also be taken to see that the insect is not allowed to breed in growth that is near valuable trees. The use of fertilizers will strengthen the trees to withstand the attacks of this and other insects. The protected and concealed manner man-ner of life of this borer, which will apply in the main to borers in general, renders it very difficult of treatment by means of insecticides or other direct di-rect measures. The most efficacious remedial measure consists in cutting off and destroying affected branches and in the injection of bisulphid of carbon into the holes or burrows where the larvae are at work. For stopping the holes after injecting inject-ing the liquid, putty and moist clay, advised by some, have been found practically useless. Grafting wax, on the other hand, gives perfect satisfaction. satis-faction. Coal tar is less advisable but may be substituted for the latter, or the holes may be closed by inserting a wooden plug and breaking or sawing saw-ing it off even with the trunk. In any case the stopper should be tight, to exclude water from rains, which might tend to produce decomposition of the surrounding wood or invite the entrance of other insects, like carpenter carpen-ter and otb.er ants and secondary borers, bor-ers, of which there are many species, and injurious fungi. It is possible to reach and destroy many larva by forcing a copper or other pliable wire into the channels. This is a well-known borer remedy. It Is impossible, however, by this means to kill the insects in all cases, owing to the length or crookedness of the burrows. Bisulphid of carbon should then be used. The injection of bisulphid of carbon Into the burrows of the leopard moth and the cutting off and destroying of affected branches are recommended as the most effective measures for getting rid of this pest. The insect feeds on the wood of a large number of trees and shrubs and does much damage along the Atlantic seaboard between Massachusetts and New Jersey Jer-sey and in the Hudson river valley. In the caterpillar, or larva stage, the leopard moth eats into the tree upon which it feeds and not only checks its growth but so weakens it that it is often broken by heavy windstorms. The presence of the pest is indicated indi-cated by the wilting cf twigs or branches and by accumulations of sawdustlike saw-dustlike eastings at the entrance of the burrows. The discovery of this evidence should be followed promptly by the pruning away of all the smaller small-er injured twigs or branches. The larger ones may be cut back behind the injury and the stubs covered with grafting wax to prevent the entrance of other insects. All the wood that has been cut away should be promptly burned, in order to destroy the caterpillars cater-pillars within. This precaution also Bhould be followed with all branches that have fallen to the ground after windstorms. Wherever the trees are so badly injured that there is little hope of their recovery, it is best to take them out and promptly destroy them. In the case of trees which are only slightly affected, and especially In the ease of large and valuable trees, bisulphid of carbon can be used effectively. ef-fectively. It is injected into the openings open-ings of the burrows with a long-spont-ed oil can or a glass syringe, and the openings are closed immediately after-Wards, after-Wards, preferably with grafting wax. Carbon bisulphid must be handled with care, and precautions taken to avoid danger from fire and the inbui Section of Wood Showing Burrow and Girdling Effect Produced by Larva of Leopard Moth. Ing of fumes. This means that the op rator should not smoke while at work. On the other hand, there need be no fear of the liquid damaging the hands. The leopard moth in its adult form has a spotted appearance, the semi-transparent semi-transparent white wings being thickly dotted with blackish, dark blue, or greenish spots. There are also large black spots on the thorax and dark cross bands on the white abdomen. The moth lays Its eggs, either singly or in groups, during the summer, usually usu-ally selecting crevices in the rough bark of -trees as n convenient place to deposit them. The larvae or caterpillars cater-pillars hatch about ten days afterward after-ward and at once penetrate the living liv-ing wood. As they feed, they burrow tunnels which frequently encircle completely the tree or branch. When the larva has grown too large for the branch in which it is feeding, it crawls out and- moves to one more suitable. As the insect remains iu" the larva stage, feeding in this way. for nearly two years, it Is capable of doing a great deal of damage before it transforms trans-forms to the pupa or chrysalis stage. This it does in May or later, and some time between May and the end cf September" it .emerge.! as an adult or mot h. Damage by this borer is often so |