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Show ' 5 METHODS FOR CONTROL OF THE CODLING MOTH. I , By E. D. Ball, Agricultural Expcri- I . ment Station, Logan, Utah. (Continued from Inst weuic.) f , How to Spray. - The '"driving spray, ao now used, is - ' Jippllod 'only to tho blossoms, no at tention bclnjr paid to tho lcavos, but every calyx cup must bo llllcd with , ! the .poison. To do this, the nozzlo ; should bo set bo as to throw line drops a dlstanco of -six fcot before they break into a mist. With one hun-! hun-! k lrod to two hundred pounds of prcs- 1i ' suro this can ho done. Nearly all of the blor-soma point upward, n few on I the ouwldo of tho troo point out, and I , benoath tho branches nomo point down always hovaver toward tho i light. The nozzlo should then bo f passed up and down tho limb, hold ing It wlthlu eighteen lne-hes of tho I blossoms and turning It so that you I , are sure to drlvo tho Bpray straight j ft into tho top of each ono of tho calyx L cups, continuing until tho last ono j Is filled. In practico thin Is accom- P pllBhed on largt, trees by stopping I tho outfit jUBt beforo ono reaches tho j tree and spraying all that can bo reached from that position, turning :l tho pole, in tho hands nnd reaching ! I underneath tho trco and spraying i up, working up and down on tho ! side, spraying in, and from abovo ., driving It down, and oven following !; un nnd down tho largo branches ln- i Bldo tho hond. Then driving on by (ho tree and repeating tho same pro-j pro-j cess from tho other quarter. THy I . driving ur ono row nnd down tho next, In this way each trco receives ' four spraylngB, each ono of which I will cover nonrly one-half of tho I trnn. Small trees may ho sprayed ; with ono stop on each side. ' J Tho Amount to Apply. It has been found that In practico f ,J Ihla kind of spraying, requires nbout two-thirds na many gallons of spray ! as there aro to bo bushels of fruit. ; ,- Tho question is often naked. "How '' much can you spray in a day with n ' given outfit?" a question that can- ' not be answorfd in terms of acres, becauso it dopends entirely upon tho slzo of tho trees nnd tho amount of blossoms. A barrel pump with ono i bordeaux nozzlo will throw from throe hundred to four hundred Knllons of Bpray per day. A doublo-acting pump " with two linos of hoso nnd two noz zles will doublo this amount, whilo i tho gnsollno power outfit with four ! f. bordeaux nozzles will throw about ' : twlco aB much from each nozzlo as t . in tho case of tho hand pump or tho I double-acting ono, on account of tho j . increased pressure, but bettor work will bo dono from the power sprayer I if only two nozzles are used, and U with tho double-acting pump it only B ono. By figuring tho amount of ap- K. . pics expected per aero, it will bo easy mi to ascertain how much onch stylo of If pump will do In a day. In tho wrlt- ' er's cxpcrlonco there has been no difference in the offlcioncy between I : tho hand pump and tho powor spray. f. It is ontirely n question of thorough- I ; ness of application in each case. The Equipment Necessary. I Half of tho failures in Bprnylrig that tho writer has 'observed hnvo been through lack of tho proper c-quipment. c-quipment. It Is impossible to got a complote outfit, properly equipped, from very mnny of our manufactures, oven nt the present time. Tho first I essontlal Is a good pump. Only tho very largest of tho bnrrol pumps are strong enough for this work. Any of the doublo nctlng pumps will furnish fur-nish pressure enough, and for large orchards tho power sprayers havo proven their worth. For any of these pumps one-half Inch hose la as Inrgo as is desirable, and this should be from live to seven-ply, to withstand with-stand the heavy preBsuro necessary. Twenty-flvo of such hose, with an eight or ten-foot bamboo polo, equipped equip-ped with a cut-off, furnishes sufllclont - length to ennblo ono to do good work. On the end of tho polp should bo placed pla-ced a bend or angle of about forty-five forty-five degrees, carrying a flat-spray noz-: r.lo of tho bordoaux or Ucan doublo type. With any outfit sco that there is a largo agitator, so that tho mixture mix-ture Ib woll stirred. With such an outfit small trees can bo sprayed from tho wngon, or oven from tho ground, but for tho larger trees tho tower or ladder Is necessary, and any ono who has ever used a woll-mado towor or sprayed from a ladder will never bo Rllvt Kuilty of going back to tho old meth- fffili'tf od Tne Bean Company havo made vfiTi t- a neat bend especially for this cod- I Wh'f ling moth Hprnylntf, and it might bo I Jf fc-'J woll in this connection to warn pco- iS V plo against tho smaller types of flat lr Jifct spray nozzles sold under tho namo of wjK.l bordeaux that havo pnly ono snrny- fSlK I ing surface, or thoy nro too small for JlF I this work. Tho largo-sized bordeaux HI J with two Eurfaccs. has tho namo I stamped on tho bundle, whllo tho J I others do not. H! K When to Spray, lilt Ab BOon nH tllc blossoms fall tho illvli flvo greon cn,yx lobeB bRKln to turn Ifflirlr up' nntl ln ton or flftcon days havo IlIK V completely closod over the calyx cup. A11 PB0" that Is to be placed in If IkI theso cups must bo driven In thore R'l'Sn botwsen theen dates. Where two nflHiU spraying are given, tho first ono mitSilr should bo put on as soon as possible Klffllll' nftor tno blossoms fall, tho second one rIEll will follow in about ten days. Strange JpiBlk its it may eeom, tho moro opon tho H mi' cup the harder it lu to fill, for It you ft JMli, 'will look at tho blostsom end of an ap- T.E-' plo you will find two cups, ono above Bjt y' tho ofuncn burs and ono bclotf, and I f ' It Is Into this lower cup that wo must drlvo tho poison. When the calyx Is wide opon theso stamen bars aro thick and fleshy and form a tight roof. Later thoy Bhrlvel and it Is much carlor to drlvo through them, although tho opening nt tho top Is by this tlmo much smaller and the uprny must bo driven straight In to reach them at nil. If all tho calyx cups on a troo closed at ono time, thero would bo ono day ln which the best spraying could bo dono, but n3 tho center blossom of n cluster almost alwnys closes beforo tho other, this Is not tho cnr.e. When thin blossom Is partly closed and In fino shnpo for r.praylng tho others aro wldo opon. If only ono fruit Kotu It Is almost always al-ways tho center ono, but ln many cases several of the others will also produco apples, eo It Is necessary to poison thorn nil. Somo ndvocnto tho uso of tho second sprny to cover the outside of tho npplc, but ln tho writer's writ-er's work this has been applied In tho same way ns tho first one, with tho intention of reaching tho calyx cup. Very few of tho first brood of worms go ln from the surface of the npplcn, except whero they aro touching, touch-ing, nnd whero a driving sprny Is UBCd it will almost always lcavo a film of poison whero two apples touch. It makes no difference at all whether it rains during or nfter ono of these driving sprays. Tho poison that Is placed ln tho calyx sup cannot be washed out by rain. What Sprav to Uso. For thrco years tho writer tested parts green and nrsonato of lead sldo by sldo under exactly tho samo conditions, con-ditions, and In none of theso experiments experi-ments was thero bo much as onc-hnlf of ono por cunt difference in tho results re-sults obtained. At present tho prlco of tho two poisons, nnd theso nro practically prac-tically tho only two used nt tho present pre-sent time. Is nbout tho same. The lead arsonnto remains In suspension n llttlo better, whllo tho parls grcou has the advantage that It can bo seen ln tho calyx cup wjth tho ordinary hand lens, and thus ono 1b nble to toll nt any time during tho season just how thoroughly tho spraying was dono. The lend arsennto is a llttlo less llablo to burn tho follago and to russet tho fruit, nnd should bo used ln proforonco where thero is danger of repented rains. Scraping and Handing. For old orchards that Jiavo boon neglected it Is nlso well, until tho number of worms has been reduced to two or thrco per cent, to scrape tho rough bark from the trunks of the trees and to put on bands of burlap bur-lap six weeks attor the blossoms fall, romovlug them and killing tho worms ovory ton days from thon until tho latter part of August, when they may remain until picking time. Tho Success of the Method. No method of spraying will bring an old wormy orchard Into n satisfactory satis-factory condition in n ulngle year. But tho orchardlsts who havo been using this method for a fow years .have, many of them, reduced the number of sprayings from thrco or moro to two. and a number of tho best nnd most enroful workers have rcudced the number of worms to such an cxtont that they find that ono spraying each season practically eliminates eli-minates tho wormy apple. In districts dis-tricts whero tho codling moth is not as sovere as it Ib In tho greater part of Utah, striking results havo boon obtnlnod tho first yoar of spraying. But when ono thinks of tho orchards in which thero wore thrco and four worms to an apple a fow years ago now practically wormlcsa with a single spraying, tho contrast la Just as striking. For three yoars now tho writer has offorod to pay a dollar dol-lar each for every applo with a worm ln tho calyx ond to bo found in any ono of half a dozen of theso orchards, and, so far, has not lost n single dollar. dol-lar. This offer has boon published ln the papers, and In ono orchard tho man who bought tho crop Instructed In-structed every picker and packer to watch carefully for tho coveted fruit, but not a single ono was found. Bottor Fruit. |