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Show OF FOREIGN LANDS. INTERESTING CORRESPONDENCE FROM MANY COUNTRIES. ON ITALIAN EMIGRATION The Number of Passoorts Issued for America Show a Remarkable IncreaseIndia In-creaseIndia the Coal Field of Asia. ITALIAN EMIGRATION. V1CNIOK. The number of emigration passports pass-ports issued by tlio Italian government, govern-ment, for tho past two years Is shown In the following table: In- 1!l. 19".".. rrrtin. Pnlleil Status lCS.'vn 3Hi,7S7 1I8.WW ArKt'litluii r,1,77!i 31.379 llraill I,7!l 3O.07U 10,35." Other American countries coun-tries D.2S2 ll.CW t,m Ttital .mtfl tfl.'SI HC..I0O i:uj(iie, AhIh imtl Af-rfcit Af-rfcit J21.fil7 2SI,Cir7 M.tiOO Total TluFl Tctwll 25B.HO These figures do not represent the actual number of emigrants embarked, anil, particularly iu regard to trans-Atlantic trans-Atlantic emigration, they must ho reduced re-duced considerably. According to tho reports or tho steamship companies ungagotl In tills hind of transportation from Italian ports and from Havre, tho total number carried to tho United' Stntcs in 1905 was 201,090, against 150,110 In tho preceding year, hut to theso figures must ho added tho fairly lnrgo number ot thoso who em-harked em-harked at other ports outsldo ot Italy, which brings the totals much nearer tho totals ot passports Issued. ltnllan emigration Is to n surprising surpris-ing extent temporary, and doponds upon tho senson ot outdoor labor. For example, of tho UCfi.982 persons to whom, emigration passportB wero Issued Is-sued Inst year for European countries, coun-tries, probably over 90 per cent, ot thoso who actually went returned last autumn, or, having departed this spring, will como buck In November, when thoro Is no longer the samo demand de-mand for laborers. Indeed, this characteristic char-acteristic holds good also In trans-Atlantic trans-Atlantic emigration, nnd Is strikingly demonstrated by the crowded steer-ogos steer-ogos of tho Mediterranean nnd French steamers snlllng from Now York toward to-ward tho month ot Dccembor. This tendency to return Is ot the utmost vnluo to Italy, nnd Is encouraged by tho authorities, who reallzo that but for It the 99,598,810 lire sont from abroad In the pnst four years through the Hank ot Naples nlono for tho families of oiulgrants, or for doposlt In tho stnto savings banks, would havo boon very much less, nnd that It emigration emi-gration were moro pornmnont In character char-acter this Important Item In tho finances ot tho country would diminish dimin-ish lustcnd of Increase. Of tho 38,-417,880 38,-417,880 Hro, canal to $7,502,493, transmitted trans-mitted through this bank In tho pnst year, 4,257,G80, or about 07 por cent., camo from tho United States. PAUL NASH. COAL MINING IN INDIA. CALCUTTA. All of the coal In India Is bituminous, bitumin-ous, Some of It Is hard and glossy and is much like Rock Springs (Wyo.) coal. Such coal retolls In Calcutta Cal-cutta at 8 unnns or 1G cents por inatind (S2 pounds). There nro 27 maunds per ton, which would tnako a ton cost $1.11. Ily purchasing n ton or moro nt ono tlmo tho rnto Is from ?2.0S to $2.21 por ton. Tho coal Ileitis now operated nro located lo-cated In Ueugal, tho untivo states af Central India and Hyderabad. A comparison of the figures olllclnlly given out will show that India Is first among the coal-producing dependencies dependen-cies of flreut Urltnln. In nnswor to my question ns to whether thoro wero other coal deposits not yet opened, I was assured that tho coal Ileitis of India In-dia had scarcoly been touched; that India's coal field Is estimated to cover 35,000 squnro miles. Tho total output during 1905 wns 7,702,779 tons, lion-gal, lion-gal, In which Calcutta Is Situated, supplied sup-plied 93 por cent, of this aujouut. JAPAN EXHAUSTING HER COAL. Japan Is at present India's only real competitor iu tho orient; hut, considering consid-ering the dlfforuuco iu tho extent of tho coal fields of India aud thoso of Japan, It Is reasonable to conclude that tho day Is not fur off when India will control tho far eastern coal market, mar-ket, The conclusion Is bused on tlio fact that Japan has but 6,000 squaro miles of conl Held. Her present un-nuul un-nuul output Is 10,000,000 tons, which Is in excess ot tho Indian mines, but this Is a small tonnage compared with what India Is capable of producing. In referring to the coal future tho chief Inspector of mines for India observes ob-serves that the chief need for a sound development of the Indian coal fields Is Improvement in superintendence and working capacity of tho minor. Tho methods of working tho mines nro crude and unscientific, and this results In not only a smaller output than should ho expected but also In great waste. To overcomo this condition tho government of Indln has established estab-lished u college, which hits a largo attendance, at-tendance, at Slbpore, for tho scientific training ot nntlvo engineers with special spe-cial reference to conl mining. It Is believed that tho clnsses at tills Institution Insti-tution will furnish the needed skilled usslstiints to European superintend ents. Tho Indian minor perforins work underground much us tho Indian In-I In-I borer does on top of the ground. What- over kind of labor ho undertakes he brings to It an easy-going manner nnd I bono and muscle tlmi lire far inferior I to Hint of tlio English miner or the 1 miners iu Amorlcn. In fact, ho accomplishes accom-plishes less than half tlio results of the western minor. Ho has not tho phyBlipie, having Inherited small bones, light muscles, and an "easy 1 wny" from IiIb nneestors. ' It Is bo llevetl, however, that he Is growing I stronger nnd becoming moro capable, nntl that In time tlio coal miners of , India will by heredity become almost I equal to coal miners nnywhero. I Ono thing Is to bo deplored, and i Hint Is tlio employment of women In 1 nntl nbout the mines ns laborers. Some of those coollo women nro sold to walk live miles In n day In tho performance perform-ance of their work, nntl carry on their heads loads of SO pounds half that distance. dis-tance. Thoro Is a strong sentiment growing against this sort of drudgery for women, but 1 fancy It will bo a long time before tho women of India will bo delivered from such toll. It hns not been so ninny years since women nnd children wero rescued from such drudgery In other and more enlightened countries. Here, In tho capital of Indln, the coollo women carry bricks and mortnr on their beads nnd climb bamboo ladders lad-ders to the third and fourth stories of buildings ns helpers to coollo masons. These women sweep tho streets and do nil sorts of menial labor. They carry on their heads burdens seem- lngly largo enough to bend tho backs ot bullocks antl donkeys. Even girls ot eight and ten years ot ago carry loads on their heads weighing 50 nnd moro pounds and trudge along under tho sun's tntenso rays with tho mercury mer-cury rising 100 degrees In tlio shade. WILLIAM H. MICHAEL. ARTIFICIAL 8ILK. rcTont GOTHENHUHG. Iu Gothenburg, or at somo plnco In its neighborhood, will soon ho built n large factory for tho manufacture of artificial silk for export. A company by tho nnmo of Sllkesfnbrlksaktlobola-get Sllkesfnbrlksaktlobola-get has recently boon organized hero with n capital not to bo less than $1G0,-800 $1G0,-800 nnd not to exceed $482,400, with tho purposo ot building a factory anil exploiting nn Invention made by Engineer En-gineer R. V. Strohlcnort, of DJiirsholm, Sweden, for tho mnnufneturo of vego-tablo vego-tablo silk. Excluding experiments, this Industry Ib now m Sweden, nntl it Is claimed that tho silk manufactured from nltro-colluIoBo by Mr. Strohlcn-ert's Strohlcn-ert's method has Just as lino an appearance ap-pearance antl Is Just as strong or dur-ahlo dur-ahlo as natural silk, or even stronger, it Is further stated that thu silk has been tcstod or tried In Swedish antl Gorman cloth factories, nnd that very favorablo reports havo been received about it. ROBERT S. S. DEIIGH. ARGENTINA-PROSPEROUS. BUENOS AIRES. Tho government hns published Its estimate of the wheat crop, which Is placed at 3,881,t:!9 tons, wnieii stiouiti leavo an export surplus of 2.750,000 tons, ns ngalnst 2.S08.000 for Inst year. Our linseed crop Is plncetl at 010,000 tons, which should leave a surplus sur-plus of 550,000 tons. The partial fall-tiro fall-tiro of tho wheat crop In many districts dis-tricts wns duo to Into frosts, hot suns fogs nntl locusts. An Idea ot how tho country Is being' be-ing' developed ran bo gathered from tho fact that whorcas In 1895 wo had 4, $92,000 hectares (1 hectnio equal 2,471 acres) under cultivation, In 1905 tho nren was returned as ucmg 13,-081,401, 13,-081,401, nn lncreaso of 107.1 por cent. Tho nrea under whoat In 1895 was 2,019,000 hectares, In 1905. 5,075,293 hectnres; under Unseed In 1895, 387,-324 387,-324 hectares, In 1905, 1,022,782; under maize In 1895, 1.21 1.182 hectares, tind hi 1905. 2.717,300 hectnres. Making further comparisons, wo find that In 1895 tho population was 3,951,911, while In 1905 It was 5 010,908 Inhabitants. Itallwuys In 1895 uggregnted 14,401 kilometers (1 kllomoter equal 0.021 mile) In length; In 1900, 19,753 kilometers. kilo-meters. In 18S5 our railways, with a total length ot 4,502 kllometors, cur rlcd 8,143,900 tons, and Iu 1905, with 19.753 kilometers, they carried 22,703,-050 22,703,-050 tons, so that while In 20 yoars tho length ot line has Increased by nearly SOO per cent., tho goods carried have Increased by 700 per cent. |