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Show GARLAND'S SUG ARFACTORY What the Utah Sugar Company Has Done for the Bear River Valley The Canal's Past History A Future for This Valley A Boon to Garland, Just prior to the closing of tho sugar factory tit Garland for tho season sea-son of 1905 we had tho pleasure or being shown through tho establishment establish-ment nnd viewing the operations while In full blast. Mr. M oh lull Ev-"(iins, Ev-"(iins, tho resident manager, conducted ;iis through every department from tho jbcet Btorngo blnsto tho sacking nnd tflnal storeroom, whero sncks piled high await tho shipping orders from various locations. Every detail was thoroughly outlined and tho different processes explained to us In a very satisfactory manner. . Those who havo failed to visit tho factory havo missed considerable and cannot comprehend the vast amount of work It requires to transform tho (beet to tho pure grnlns of sugar. Owing to our limited tlmo to pro-'pare pro-'pare this Issue for tho 10th wo aro lunnblo to do Justice to tho company jor to satisfy ourselves In fnillng to present to tho public a moro detailed 'account .of tho workings nnd benollts ,of this extensive Institution. Wo are Indebted to tho Dcscret News for considerable con-siderable of tho Information wo sub-,mit sub-,mit on this page. In tho early seventies, nftcr tho development de-velopment of Cache valley was begun, 'President Hrlgham Young considered Uio possibility of bringing out tho great Hear river canal through the Dear river canyon, but saw the Impossibility Im-possibility of raising HUlIlcicnt capltnl to develop this stupendous work, nnd abandoned It for tho tlmo being. Later on Mr. John W. Kerr, n banker bank-er of Snlt hake, had preliminary surveys sur-veys mado to tnko tho water from Donr river near a point which Is known as the natural dam about one mllo from where tho present power plant of tho Utah Sugar company Is stow located: tho difficulty thnt confronted con-fronted Mr. Kerr was tho financing or it. Ho also abandoned tho project, as fit. was very dllllcult to get this amount of money to develop this vast work, In 18S7 Mr. John H. Bothwoll of Now York spent somo time In tho valley and filed on tho waters of Hear river and Hear lake, and wns success-Iful success-Iful In promoting tho project through it ho financial agents, Jnrvlo & Conklln, jthen of Kaunas City, who sold two .million worth of bonds for tho building build-ing nnd equipment of tho canal and tho Ogdcn waterworks. Tho corporation corpora-tion wns known as tho Hear Lake & River Water Works & Irrigation com-,pany, com-,pany, with Jurvis & Conklln as trustees. trus-tees. Crash Came In 1893. In 1S93, when tho terrible flnnnclnl javalanchc swept over the world, Jnr-jvls Jnr-jvls & Conklln fnllcd for about $30,-,000,000, $30,-,000,000, nnd tho Hear Itlver company (being ono of their projects, went to tho wall; thoy wero not ablo to pay up ono of their contractors, who was (Mr. William Garland, by $150,000, nnd :ho filed a mechanic's lieu for this amount, which kept tho company In litigation for about flvo years, and tho supremo court of tho United States decided In favor of Garland. Durlns the Interval or this litigation on January Jan-uary A, 180H, Mr. W. H. ltowe. who vas then assistant superintendent or the Z. O. M. I., was appointed receiver of tho Hear Lako & Itlver Wnter Works & Irrigation Company; when Mr. Howe took possession of It Tor tho bondholders, tho canal was In nn tin-'finished tin-'finished condition, nnd ho took a trip ito London nnd ruined sudlclcnt money Ifrom tho bondholders to finish tho canal. In Soptcmber, 1894, tho Hcnr lLako business was foreclosed, aud (was bought In by representatives of itho bondholders, nnd n now company twas organized In the name of tho Hear 'River Irrigation & Ogden Wnter tWorks company. Through great efforts ef-forts tho land under tho Hear river canal was developed and many farms sold. Tho development of tho valley would huvo been much moro success-iful success-iful had not tho Garland litigation ibeen pending for tho live years past, ins all the water rights were being sold 'subject to tho Garland lien. ought by Evans and Dooly, Messrs. David Evans and John E. Pooly of Snlt Lake purchased Gar-.land's Gar-.land's Interest, nnd during tho ownership owner-ship of EvanB and Dooly they Improved Im-proved tho canal system at a cost of :12d;ooo. The Utah Sugar company in 1U01 purchnscd tho interests of Evuus nnd Dooly and nlso bought somo .10,000 acres of land In tho valloy. Since thu purchnso by tho Utah Sugar company tho whole country has doveloped moro than during thu whole tlmo previous. Tho Garland sugar factory has been llnillt, a ready mnrkot found for beets, jaud lands that wero sold from lS'JI! to 1897 for $30 to $40 an aero nro now worth from $"fi to 155 an aero. jCnuscd through tho beet sugar Indus, 'try In this valloy. Make Good the Water Rights. And ono magnanimous act of tho Utah Sugar company was tho compromise com-promise mado with tho receiver of tho cdmpnny In making good all tho water .rights that had over been issued to the farmers without any expense to them. Tho sugar company Is now furnishing furnish-ing wnter to tho farmers on tho enst sldo of tho Hear river through tho .ditches of tho Hammond Canal company. com-pany. This company buys tho surplus watere and sells to tho farmers abovo .Hrlgham City, Lands which have ;iover before had water brought upon thorn havo been Irrigated during tho past summer and tho sugar company ;has received many good beets from jthls section, Purchased by Sugar Company. Tho deal through which tho Utah Sugar company enmo Into possession pf tho near river canal system and itho 30,000 ncres of land that went with It wns consummated on May 3, ,1901, I)y this purchuBo tho company camo Into possession of property that had originally cost $3,000,000. Almost immediately thereafter tho directors of tho sugar company authorized Its I agents to contruct with tho farmers , ,who resided In tho vulloy, and whoso lands wero under the ditches of tho canal for u crop of beets. The First Beet Crop. During tho year 300 acres wero planted and successfully cultivated under the direction of tho company's resident ngrlculturlst. In Reason the crop was harvested nnd shipped to tho Lehl factory to bo reduced Into sugar. Analysis showed the beets to be of a superior grade, and in tho following year, 1902, contrncts were entered into with tho farmers for tho crop from 500 ncres, while the company, on its own account, cultivated and harvested 1,000 acres. The success nchloved being be-ing (oqually ns pronounced ns it wns during tho previous season, which proved to tho olllclnls of tho sugar company thnt tho Hear river region wns In every way udnpted to sugur beet culture. Conditions Were Perfect. Tho climate could not bo more perfect per-fect nnd thero were no elements lacking lack-ing In tho soil for tho proper propagation propa-gation of tho beet plant. In ninny respects re-spects tho country seemed to havo Its advantages over the Utah county region, re-gion, whore tho sugar Industry of Utah was born nnd where It wns demonstrated demon-strated that It could be made among tho state's greatest enterprises. Tho second year's success In tho Bear river valley loft no doubt about tho company being fully Justified In going to tho oxpenso of another factory. When Contract Was Let. During tho autumn of that year, or, to bo more exact, on September 8, Thomns H. Cutler, general mnnngcr of tho Utah Sugar company, nwnrded the contract to tho Dyers of Cleveland for the handling of GOO tons of beets per day. This was done whllo Mr. Cutler was in tho cast and shortly after his return, which was about October 1C, in company with other officials, mado a trip to tho now boot growing for tho purpose of selecting n site for the proposed pro-posed factory. The ground wns gono over thoroughly, several locations wcro suggested. All had their attractive attrac-tive features, yet nono of them seemed to fill the bill quite us well ns what wns known as the Garland slto and tho olllclnls were unnnlmous In a r living liv-ing at that conclusion. Accordingly, it was selected. The Excavations Begun. No tlmo wns lost, for forthwith contracts con-tracts wero let and work on the excavations exca-vations begun. This tusk wns completed com-pleted and the foundations put In In tho fall or 1902. so that everything wns ready for tho structure by the beginning be-ginning of tho year 1903. Tho factory was completed In tlmo to work up thnt year's crop of beets, which consisted of 2.C00 acres. It wont Into commission commis-sion on December 9 and continued to tho end of tho season without any serious hitch. At tho tlmo or mnklng tho location Corlnno was the nearest railroad point and much or the machinery ror tho new fnctory wns hauled to tho slto by teams, yet tho railroad from Corlnno, which Is now n part of tho Oregon Short Lino's Mnlad branch, renchod tho now town of Garland In tlmo to bring In the bulk of the equipment. In 1901 tho ncrcago of beets was Increased In-creased and In thnt year tho sugar company contracted for nnd plnntcd 3,000 ncres. This year tho crop In the Hear river and Malad valleys Is 7,384 acres. Owing to tho ravages or tho whlto fly, which has Infested nearly all tho western beet districts, this season's crop is light as compared to other years, yet In spite or this tho Hear river crop will probably nggregato 60,000 tons nnd tho run of tho fnctory will last until about tho middle of December. De-cember. Japanese Labor Employed. Jnpancso labor Is employed to n lnrgo oxtent in tho beet Holds. Owing to tho dllllculty of securing white labor la-bor Tor tho work tho sugar company this year contracted 3,500 acres to tho Japanoso-Amcrlcan company. Tho Jnps plant tho seed In the spring nnd cultlvuto and uurso tho plnnt until It reaches maturity and for their trouble they nro remunerated on tho basis of $20.50 per aero Tor a ten-ton crop, That Is to say, H an ncro or ground produces 10 tons of beets, tho Jnps got this amount of money; If tho crop amounts to more than 10 tons, CO cents per ncro additional Is paid, whllo If It fulls short or the basis, tho M cents Is deducted. Tho contract or tho Japanese Jap-anese company ends with the topping nnd digging of tho beets at tho tlmo or hnrvest In tho rail tho company attends to tho delivery of them to tho factory. Many of tho rarmers In tho Bear river country also employ Jnpancso In their beet fields nnd tho customary arrangement ar-rangement Is to give tho Jnp ono-hnlf the crop .or tho proceeds from It when returns nro made by tho sugar company. com-pany. Tho farmer prepares tho ground for seeding, but lie stops thero and has nothing mure to do with tho tract leased to the Orientals 'until hnrvest tlmo comes. Tho Japs take caro of tho seeding and growing of tho crop. Tho Innd owner does nothing moro, but to look out ror tho digging nnd marketing or thu beets. Tho Jnpa-neso Jnpa-neso do tho rest. Their duties nro then finished, except tho drawing of tho cash duo them, which comes direct from the paymaster of tho sugar company com-pany after the crop Is delivered. Company Supplies Seed. Tho sugar company supplies all tho seed for planting In tho spring, mnklng mnk-lng a chargo of $2.75 per aero, which Is deducted from tho returns from the B.-ilo of tho first lot of beots, With the company supplying tho seed a uniform variety from tho boat selected grades Is maintained, thus working to tho mutual mu-tual ndvnntago of both tho company and tho grower, It Pays to Raise Beets. Thnt tho raising of sugar beets Is n profitable business, undor ordlnury circumstances, cir-cumstances, Is readily evidenced by tho record made In the Hear river country during last year. While tho expense of producing a crop of beets Is n great deal there Is nevertheless a good profit in it. President Agriculturist Wllllnm D. Lewis, who has been a resident of Garland Gar-land almost from Its very beginning, told tho writer not long ago that tho cost of producing nn acre of beets enn-not enn-not be undertnken for less than about $40, and oftentimes It costs moro. But that figure, ho states, can be called a fairly good nvcrage of tho cxpenso. Profits of Last Year. In 1904, Mr. Lewis declared, tho beets raised In the Hear river region brought nn average net profit of $19 per ncro to growers. Figured on thnt basis thoy cleared abovo all expenses $57,000 off of the 3,000 ncres plnnted during that season. A snug fortune, indeed, to havo distributed about a farming community ns clear gain. Holds the Record. Mr. Lowls relates that ono grower or sugar beets, John. P. Holmgrecn of Bear Hlver City, was only Induced to go Into the business nftcr considerable persuasion rrom Agriculturist Lewis nnd other company officials, nnd It was a lucky thing for him that ho acquiesced, ac-quiesced, ror ho cleared up $15 per aero off n 55-ncre patch, or $2,500. This after ho had deducted every expense ex-pense connected with tho raising of tho crop and even to tho payment of tho tnxos on his land. Previous to tho building of tho Garland sugar factory Mr. Holmgrecn followed tho pursuit or stockrnlslng, but nttcr this experience experi-ence with beet culture he wns not long In mnklng up his mind thnt It sometimes pays to Inject tho policy or expansion into one's dally lire. Without With-out first making nn Investigation or tho subject Mr. Holmgrecn took It for granted thnt his time and energy could bo npplled moro profitably by continuing continu-ing tho vocation of stockrulslng. But ho thinks differently now. Can Any One Beat It? Tho Utah Sugar company, through Resident Mnnngcr Moolah Evans, offered of-fered a substantial prlzo to any ono thnt could come up to Mr. Holmgrcen's beet record, but so far the challenge hns not been accepted. From off 25 ncres out of his 55, the present holder or tho record obtained nn nverago of 30 tons nnd 455 pounds of beets, his gross receipts from tho full ncrcago aggregated the sum of $5,700. Has Made Country Prosper. Indeed, tho Introduction of the sugar beet Industry Into thnt region has wrought many changes In tho Bear river valley and, likewise, will do so for tho Malad. Previous to tiio building build-ing of tho Garland factory tho region wns sparsely settled and those who hnd gono thero to find homes experienced experi-enced no end or discouraging hardships. hard-ships. Many of them had a dllllcult tlmo to make ends meet. As was the case In Utah county, when Lehl became n sugar making town, tho people wero given new hope. Now opportunities wero opened to them by tho Introduction of beet culture. cul-ture. Tho door of prosperity wns opened wido to them; now settlers enmo into tho country nnd with their nld tho desert beenmo rapidly reclaimed. re-claimed. The Influx still continues and ero long tho Bear river valley will become one of the most densely populated popu-lated as well as ono or tho richest sections sec-tions or tho stntc. A trip through tho country rrom Gnrland north to Malad, confronts one with a picture or prosperity. It Is In ovldcnco everywhere. In the older do-veloped do-veloped beet zones tho proors nro por-haps por-haps moro perceptible, for tho Inhabitants Inhabit-ants have later Improvements nnd thoy nro now mnklng them In n great many plnccs. Those who havo tasted tho bitterness of adversity, or, perhaps, at somo tlmo havo deprived themselves of tho necessaries of life that thoy might pull through to another harvest, aro now reaping their reward and are providing themselves, ir thoy hnvo not already done so, with now homes nnd new environments. Indeed, tho past row years have brought about n wonderful won-derful transformation In Box Elder county. Harvesting of Beet Crop. Tho harvesting of n beet crop Is not lacking In Its Interesting fentures. In tho fields nt this tlmo of tho year can bo seen hundreds of men, women nnd children, nil engaged In tho digging tho beets nnd getting them In shnpe to bo sent to tho fnctory. Thero Is something some-thing of a fasclnntlon about It, too. Perhaps for tho reason the workers hnvo plenty of company and tho hours or labor do not drag. Every ono engaged en-gaged in tho vocation scorns to enjoy it nnd frequently regret Is expressed thnt tho season Is so short. How Beets Reach Factory. Tho sugar company does everything every-thing It can to expedite tho marketing market-ing of tho crop. Beets from about 2.000 acres, within u close radius of the factory aro delivered by teams, whllo In tho more remote sections tho rnllroads do tho work. If tho lino Just built Into tho edge of tho town or Mnlad or other portions of tho great Oregon Short Lino system do not com6 within a reasonable distance of tho beet fields. Then thoy nro brought closer to transportation facilities facil-ities by means of spurs, During tho present year two Important ones havo been built to lessen tho difficulty of reaching tho fnctory. Ono of them Is 76 miles In length and ponetrates tho beet fields of Thatcher, Penrose nnd Bothwoll. In this district about 1,000 ncres wcro planted this season. Tho othor spur leaves tho tracks of tho Southern Pnclfle n fow miles west of Corlnno, nnd goes down to Itochfort, about two miles further on, whero nbout 550 ncres wero grown this year. Along tho spurs nt convenient Intervals aro located receiving stations, whero tho beets nro loaded on to curs for movo-ment movo-ment to Garland Tho sugar rompnny during tho harvest season has a train crow and engine placed nt Its disposal. dis-posal. Tho conductor and engineer recoivo tholr orders frrJn tho manage-mont manage-mont of tho operntlngf department ot tho fnctory and thoy 6o nothing oIbo but attend to tho beetftrafllc throughout through-out tho zone. J Dumped Into Storage Bins. On being brought tl the factory tho cars are landed upoti a high trestle. Thero the beets urol unloaded and dumped Into Immense storagob!ns, which havo capacity for holding about 25,000 tons. During tho past fow months tho storngo capacity of tho Garland factory fac-tory has been greatly cnlnrged. Tito additional bins put In rcqlured In tholr construction a half million feet of lumber nnd thoy cover a space of 513 feet In length by 1C2 feet In width. Eleven flumes, In which tho beets aro washed and convoyed to tho grinders, wero put In, mnklng the totnl on tho premises 17; nlso two wngon reads nnd two railroad tracks additional. For the facilities of dumpl.g Into these bins are now bIx railroad tracks and soven wngon roads. Process of Making Sugar. Tho delivery of tho beets to the garland gar-land sugar factory, as previously stnted, Is dono through tho medium of railroad cars and wagons, and dimmed Into tho storngo bins, As nccdcil thoy nro carried from the bins to tho grinders grind-ers through tho system of flumes, which are so constructed thnt ono man can handle as much as COO tons per day. t The beets, on reaching tho mill, are clovated and dumped Into tho washer, n machine that practically removes all tho dirt clinging to them. From tho wnshcr the beets nro ngaln elevated and dumped Into tho nutomntic scale, which weighs and records with exactness exact-ness every pound or beets entering thu rnctory. After this weighing process tho beets nre conveyed to tho automatic auto-matic cutters, which slice them Into smnll, thin strips called "cosscttcs." Theso "cosscttcs" fall Into tho diffusion diffu-sion cells. Tho diffusion process e-tracts e-tracts tho sugar from tho "cosscttcs" nnd by Introducing hot wnter tho work is conducted In such a way that at the end of tho ordeal no sugar Is left la tho "cosscttcs," which aro now called beet pulp, tho latter being conveyed away and stored In tho silos for stock feed. Tho Julco of tho beet, after tho dlffu slon process, Is then carefully measured meas-ured and sent to tho cnrbonatlon tanks. Lime is hero added to the Julco and cnrbonlc acid gas Introduced, Intro-duced, which causes a reaction to take placo by acting on tho llmo, thus forming n precipitate, which contains tho most or tho Impurities of tho Juice. Thu Julco nnd precipitate is then i pumped to tho filtering presses, where nil tho scum Is removed, leaving n light clear Juice, which is then reheated reheat-ed and sent to tho second cnrbonatlon tanks. Tho process Is repeated, followed fol-lowed by another fllterutlon. Passing from this process tho Juice Is pumped Into the sulphltutlon tanks, whero sulphuric (.eld gas is introduced in n measured quantity, tho object ot which Is to lighten the Julco ns Well ns to reduce Its velocity. Tho sulphurated sulphurat-ed Julco Is then filtered through a set of filters called Danoks. Tho water, which has been Introduced for tho purpose pur-pose of extracting the sugar, must now bo ovnporated, thus bringing the Julco up to a given density. In each of theso effects tho Julco Is boiled under vnccuum. Steam Is applied in tho llrst effect nnd tho vnpor coming from the boiling Julco is then used to boll the Julco In the second effect and so on to tho fifth effect, where, tho vnccum being be-ing tho highest, tho Julco bolls nt a very low temperature. Tho vapor from this effect Is condensed In n large condenser. Tho thick Julco Is now called syrup, which Is sent to a second set or sulphltntlon tanks, where It undergoes un-dergoes tho snmo process ns It did previous to this in tho first Bulphltn-tlon Bulphltn-tlon nnd after fllterntion tho syrup Is now or tho highest standard or purity nnd is ready ror tho vacuum pan. In this pan 400 cubic feet or syrup Is concentrated con-centrated to get to what is called "graining point," nrter which very smnll crystals in enormous quantities nre formed. It now becomes tho object ob-ject to feed theso crystals with rresh syrup and, ns tho water evaporates tho crystals continue to grow to. a standard commercial slzo, at which tlmo tho vaccuum Is released anil the contents or tho pan, which constitutes what Is known ns tho strike, Is dumped Into a lnrgo mixer, where the strlko Is kept In constant agitation by moving paddles. About 300 pounds nj strlko Is Introduced Into tho centrifugal centrifu-gal machines, where tho mass Is spun, tho molnsscs bolng thrown through very llnely perforated screens nnd stored In tanks. Tho crystnls In tho machines still contain a smnll quuntlty of syrup, which hnB to bo washed away with pure water and tho crystnls now be-como be-como of n pure white color. Tho ma-chinos ma-chinos nro stopped nt this point, tho crystals aro dumped out then and convoyed con-voyed to a dryer called tho granulator When dried tho sugar Is wolghod and put Into sacks, each holding 10n pounds, and tho product is ready now for shipment. Tho molasses spun front tho centrifugal cen-trifugal machines Is boiled nnd grnlned In a second vnccuum .pan, this being called tho second strlko. It Is dumped Into largo crystallzlng vats, whero tho molasses Is kept in con-stnnt con-stnnt motion. About 5G hours Is required re-quired for tho grain to grow to a sur-Ilclcnt sur-Ilclcnt size, This mass Is then dumped into another mixer nnd spun In another an-other sot of centrifugals. Tho sugar from theso is yollow, and has to bo romcltcd In order to refine It to a stnn-dard stnn-dard granulated sugar. Tho molnsscs spun out from the second sec-ond strlko Is of n low purity to crys-tnllzo crys-tnllzo into sugar and has to bo purified puri-fied In a process culled "Osmoos." Tho apparatus used In this process wns tho first ono placed In successful operation In tho United States, It bolng bo-lng used nt tho Lehl factory n 1897, and Inter transferred to tho facotry at Garlnnd. Tho molasses, after bolng' purified by this procoss can then bo boiled nnd grained In the vnccuum pan nnd nftcr crystnllzntlon In tho crystnlizcrs is spun In tho ccntrirugni machines, there becoming transformed trans-formed Into u yollow sugar, which Js then leaned to a standard granulated sugar. Tho final molasses from this spinning spin-ning undergoes another oporntlon through tho Osmoes process, or la sold" for stock food. Where Power Comes From. Powor for tho oporntlon of tho Gnrland Gnr-land factory of tho Utah Sugar company com-pany comes from Bear river canyon, 12 miles away, whom a power plant, with generators capable of driving 3,000 horsepower-of electrical energy wna built by tho Sugar company! sovcral years ago nt great expense. Tho bulk of this power Is sold to tho Utah Light & Railway company and transmitted to Ogden nnd Salt Lako. Tho balanco Is used nt the factory' and Is supplying tho citizens of Gnrland with light. Local Officers. Tho local officers of the Utah Sungtt company nro: Moslnh Evat, resident mnnngor; T. H. Edwards, superintend ent of fnctory; Henry Potty, nsslstnntt superintendent of factory; Joseph Bj Corbott, mechanical engineer; John . Wheelon, superintendent of canal do- s partmcnt, elcqtrlc power plant aud chief ohglircof;' W. H. Rowe, ngent VH land department, nnd Charles Ed-wards, Ed-wards, David Dorton, Moslnh D. Ev-nns Ev-nns nnd Levi J. Somscn, lctory fore-man. fore-man. Tho ofllco stnff consists or O.. J. Cnble, chief clerk; Walter P. Eaton, fi assistant and Miss Pearl Sanders, tl stenographer, tl When tho town was first organized, A in 189G, tho citizens who gathered atl Q tho mass meeting cnlled for that pur- Fi pose had but one name In mind and! El that was Garland in honor of Will S Ham Garland, whoso name Is so closoj ly Identified with tho early history of) M tho Bear river cannl project. Tho original town was located a! JH fraction of n mile north of tho center! fl of the business portion of thu present! H one, which wns platted In the fall ofj B 1902. But when the towii was moved H the name went with It and It thereby; H became perpetuated. H In tho spring ot 1903 Gnrland wns ni M village of tents and tho residents wcrel H engaged In work connected with thd 9 planting of beets. The first buslncssi 9 houso In tho town wns that of W. AJ W Ray & Son, who opened for business H about October 1 of that year. 9 Garland became a full-fledged town; m when It wns Incorporated July 18, this) f -JB year. It had a population of 115; MjU Slnco then the town has steadily) grown nnd It now h over COO bona t fide residents. M When less than two years old Gnr ' 9 land possessed complcto water and electric lighting systems. fl |