Show president ho hoover 0 ver of affers fi e rs C congress angress guide gaide for farm and tariff f legislation urges creation n of federal board boar d t to 0 cope with agricultural problem executive asks immigration and re apportionment receive notice president hoover informed congress ot of what he expects the extra ses ees sion blon to do in th the way of farm relief and tariff revision and also recommended om mended enactment ot of legislation to suspend tho the national origins clause of the immigration act to provide for or congressional reapportionment and for the taking of the 1930 census Creat creation fon of a federal farm board with authority and funds to cope with all causes of 0 agricultural distress formed the nudes ot of his bla recommendations anthe on the farm problem in his bla first communication to congress which was transmitted by br messenger and read in the house and senate by the clerks counseling congress to limit tariff changes to those industries where there has been a decrease of employment due aue to insurmountable competition lix in the products of those industries dus dust tries rles the chief executive declared trade relations with other cou countries should be taken into account in revising customs duties minority leaders generally gave notice e of a fight over tariff revision and particularly on the proposition of continuing the tariff commission as a rate finding body with lis ita recommendations subject to final apprel approval y al by them the president K As outlined by the president the dredged pledged purpose ot of the federal farm board would be the reorganization of the marketing system on more stable and more economic lines it would have authority to assist in creating and sustaining farmer owned and far mer controlled agencies tor for a varle variety ty of purposes some of these purposes as aa enal envisioned by mr air hoover would be the orderly marketing of 0 surpluses occasioned signed by climatic variations or by harvest congestion creation of clearing houses especially for perishable products acquisition of adequate warehousing and other facilities for marketing and adequate working capital ital to be advah advanced ced against commodities lodged for storage it also was waa proposed that the board be authorized to every field 61 economic betterment tor for the farmer s so as to furnish guidance as to need in production to q devise methods for elimination ot of unprofitable marginal lands ands and their adaptation to other uses and to develop industrial byproducts the president dent surprised congress somewhat with a sweeping recommendation dation tor for a reorganization of the tariff commission and the formulation of a new basis for it its 0 operate operations oniso so that administrative changes in rates of duty dair may be made in months instead of years as has been the case since tho flexible provision became effective in 1922 the chief executives recommendations on farm relief in his 1500 word message drew praise from republican leaders in the house and senate were assailed lid as neb nebulous ulous by the democratic leaders and proved disappointing to some ot of the senate group of independent republicans senator Brook liari of iowa who made many speeches for mr hoover in the farm belt last tall fall said the presidents denVa position now was alstedt with that alter after the world war when as food administrator he bought and sold grain through the tha grata grain corporation po ration a government organization u senator norbeck of south dakota said mr hoover shows as much sympathy tor for the farmer as did president coolidge and states his hb position fully as well having reached the tha senate chum cham ber too late to hear all of the message yead read senator borah of idaho withheld comment he was one of the foremost opponents of the equalization fee system of farm rel relief lef campaigned through lol 1 the west t for hoover and had a strong voice in tho the calling of the extra session representative tilson of connecticut cu t and senator watson of indiana majority leaders in the house and senate found tho the recommendations of the president to their liking safeguards should bo be provided mr hoovers message to the special session ol of congress to the congress of the united states I 1 have called this special session of congress to redeem two pledges given la in the last election form farm relief and limited changes in the tariff the difficulties of the agricultural Indu industry siry arise out of a multitude of causes A heavy indebtedness was inherited by the industry tt om am the deflation processes P oc esses of 1920 disorderly and wasteful methods of marketing have developed the growing in the industry has tor for years been beem increasing the tha pro proportion of products that now cow leave the farm and in conge consequence quence prices have been andul unduly d depressed by congested marketing at t tae T e harvest or by the 0 occasional c cas ional cl climatic ata surpluses railway rates baa have necessarily increased thero has been eon a growth grouth of compo llalon antl in tho world markets mp bets from countries tal that chlor j or chead 10 h labor or more nearly yorgi bolls Is thero there was a great from our alual banal buds during the war mar and these 3 1 1 n 7 profitable enterprises under normal cond conditions irions connot ba maintained meanwhile their continued output tends to aggravate tho the situation local taxes have doubled and in some cases I 1 trebled work tint animals mals haye have been steadily replaced by mechanical appliances thereby decreasing the consumption of farm products there are many other contributing opuses onuses the gone general ral result has been that our agricultural industry has not kept pace in prosperity or standards of living with other lines of industry there being no disagreement aa asto to the need of farmy farm relief elief the problem before us ua bee becomes omes one of method by whick which relief may be most successfully brought about because of the mul of causes and because agriculture Is not one industry but a score of industries we wd are c confronted not with a single problem alone but a great number of problems therefore there is no single plan or principle thai ti kat can be e generally applied some of the forces working to the detriment of ot agriculture cati can be greatly mitigated by improving our waterway transportation some of them by readjustment of the tariff some by better understanding der standing ani and adjustment of production needs and some by improvement in the methods ol of marketing an effective tariff upon agricultural products that will compensate the farmers higher costs costa and higher big her standards of living has a dual purpose such a tariff not only protects the farmer in our domestic market i but it also stimulates him to diversify his crops and to grow products that he could not otherwise produce and thus lessens his dependence upon exports to for foreign eigil markets the great expansion of production abroad under the conditions I 1 haye mentioned renders foreign commet competition in our export markets increasingly serious it seems but natural therefore or e that the american farmer having been greatly liandi handicapped capped in his foreign market by such expanding countries should ask that foreign access to our domestic market should be regulated by taking into account the differences in our costs of production the pledged purpose of such a federal farm arm board Is the reorganization of the marketing system on sounder and more stable and more economic lines to do this tho the I 1 card board will vill require funds to assist in creating and BustAni ug farmer owned and farmer far i mer controlled agencies for a variety of purposes such as the acquisition of adequate warehousing and other facilities cili ties tot marketing adequate working capital to be advanced against commodities lodged tor for storage necessary and prudent advances to corporations po rations created and owned by farmers marketing organizations for the purchase and orderly marketing ma of surpluses occasioned by climatic variations or by harvest congestion to authorize the creation and support of clearing bearing houses especially tor for perishable products through which under producers approval cooperation can be established with distributors and apro processors to more orderly marketing of commodities and tor for the elimination of bf many wastes in distribution and to provide for licensing of handlers of some perishable products so as to eliminate unfair practices every penny of waste between farmer and consumer that we cau can eliminate ghether it arises from methods of distribution trib ution on will be ie a gain to both farmer and consumer in addition to these special provi in the direction of improved returns r the board should be organized to investigate every field of cono mic betterment for the farmer so as to furnish guar dance as to need in production to devise methods for ell eli mini mi nation tion of unprofitable marginal lands and their to other uses to fo develop industrial byproducts by products and to survey a score of other fields of helpfulness certain safeguards must naturally durund these activities and the in that are created tain fain vital p principles inci ples must be adhered to in order that ay iy lye q may not undermine the freedom of our farmers and of our people as oa a whole by bureaucratic nl wd governmental domination a and nd we must not undermine initiative liati va there should be ba no fee fe or of tax imposed upon the farmer no governmental government at agency should en gage cage in the buying and selling and price fixing of proa products acts for such courses can lead only to y and domination government funds should not ie be loaned or facilities duplicated where other services of credit and facilities are available at reasonable rates no activities should be set in motion that will result in increasing the surplus production as such will defeat any plans of relief the most progressive movement in all agriculture has been the ing the farmers own marketing organizations which now embrace embra ceno nearly ar farmers in membership and annually Als distribute tribute nearly worth of farm products prodie these organizations have acquired exi ex i peri ence in virtually every branch of heir industry and furnish a substantial basis basi upon which to build further organization not all these mar organizations are farmer owned or farmer controlled in order to strengthen and not to undermine them all proposals governmental for assistance should originate with such organizations and be the result of their application moreover byruch by such bases of organization the government will be Ter removed noved from engaging in the business of agriculture the difficulties of agriculture cannot be cured ain in a day they cannot aflee all be cured by legislation they cannot be cured by the federal government alone but farmers and thel their organizations can be assisted to overcome these inequalities every effort of this character is an experiment and we shall find from our experience experienc 6 the way to further advance we must make a start with the creation of a great I 1 instrumentality of this character of a strength and importance equal to that of those which wo have created for transportation and banking we give immediate assurance or of the determined purpose of the government to meet the difficulties of which we are are now aware and to create an agency through which constructive action for the future will be assured in this treatment of f this problem we recognize the responsibility of the people as a whole and we shall lay jay the foundations for a new day in agriculture from which we shall preserve to the nation the great values of its individuality and strengthen our whole national fabric in considering the tariff for other industries Indus iries than agriculture we find that there have been economic shifts necessitating a readjustment of some of the tariff schedules seven years of experience under the tariff bill enacted in 1922 have demonstrated the wisdom of congress in the enactment of that measure on the whole hole it has worked well in the main our wages haye been maintained at high levels our exports and imports lave have steadily dily increased with some exceptions our manufacturing industries h have ve been prosperous nevertheless economic changes have taken place during that time which have placed certain domestic products product i at a disadvantage and ananew new industries have come into being all pf af which creates the necessity for some limited changes inthe in the schedules and in the administrative clauses of the laws as written in 1922 no discrimination against any foreign industry is involved in equalizing the difference iri in costs of production at home and abroad and thus thua taking from foreign producers the advantages they derive from paying lower wa wages gesto lo 10 labor indeed such equalization Is not only a measure of social justice at home but by the lift it gives to our standards of living we increase the demand for those goods from abroad that we do not ourselves produce in a large glinse 4 we haye hay e learned anat ti att the cheapening of the toiler decreases rather than promotes permanent prosperity because it reduces the consuming power powe of the people in determining Chari changes in our tariff wo we must not noi fail to take into account tha broad interests of the countr country as a whole and such interests a as s our 0 ur relations with alth other countries is obviously unwise protection which wha sacrifices a greater amount of employment in export sto gair baua tit less amount of employment from imports I 1 am with the fact that we also need important xe revision vision in sonie bome of the administrative phase ahas af pf of the tariff the tariff commission should be reorganized reorganize i and plate placed upon u dpn aba a basis of higher salaries in order that we may at all times conzman command men of tha broadest attainments ants seven experience have proved the principle of flexo flexible tariff to be practical and in the long nie view a most important principle ito to maintain however the ahe basis upon which the flie tariff commis sion makes ats recommendations recommendation a to the P resident president tor t administrative changes inthe rata rat i of duty should be amade more automatic andor and more e com to the end that the timed for determinations by th the tarl tanal ff coi commission lanil ion shall bi greatly shortened the formula lip on which the commission must now act often requires that years be consumed in reaching conclusions where it should require only months its very purpose or is defeated by delays delaya 1 I believe a formula ban can bo found that will in sure cure rapid and accurate determination of needed chandez chan gez Im rates with such strengthening of the tariff commission and of its 1 ii basis for action many Ee secondary condary changes in tariff can well be left to action by the commission which at the same time will give VIM com to industry for the tha fut future tire |