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Show , , 14 A The Salt La!:e Tribune, Sunday, August 19, 1973 New Tide Rises in Latin America Wave Covers the Land Anti-Yank- ee M -- T " EDITOR'S f NOTE The winds of chonge blow sentiacross Latin America, and a new ment arises. The continent, home for 120 million, has U S. poliaeen the target ot a number ot cies, and now finally cynicism surrounds the Latin imoge of the Yankee, and more and more South America seeks to be free ot U S domination. e ? O Si By W illiam L. .1 ' y:s , I Cubas chaotic economy, almost totally dependent on Soviet subsidy, would hardly be a model for others, but her i expenence in other respects could capture imaginations the attack on adult illiteracy, 5 to redistribute the efforts wealth, the land reform, housall ing and health programs things most of Latin America smely needed. These days of the OAS quarantine of Cuba is about dead Havana has diplomatic ties with seven hemisphere governments and more in prospect. Increasingly, voices are raised demanding the end of the U S economic blockage of Cuba 1 Rogers was at the time Mav in surrounded by diplomats was Camnora Hector inaugurated in Argentina. U.S. influence is clipping in area. Secretary of State William on Now year's Day, l'J58, Fidel Castros revolution took over in Cuba. The United States began paying more attention Powerful waus of turbulence batter traditional structures and remake the hemispheres political map. Hispanic Amenca, indeed, otten seems to astonish ttse'f with frequent outbursts of boisterous blustery defiance at the Yankee Colossus When President Kennedy launched iance for Progress, problem was Latin enormously uneven tion Long accustomed to its own brands of violence and confusion, much of Latin America now finds itself mining steadily to the left by ballot, military coup or evolution Much of it, too, has been displaying eagerness to shuck off the dominating influence of the United States. Moscow Attitude The North Americans have been increasingly gi tting harsh criticism, some from considered usually people .friendly. On the other hand, the Soviet Union gives every appearance of being alert to Latin opportunities. Its cauapproach seeks tious, political' gam through trade, aid and diplomacy. Moscow cautions Communists to be wanly selective about the use of violence. go-slo- In any case, todayo Latin Amenca is not the Latin Amcnca of a dozen years ago when the Alliance for Progress was aborting, spawned by a fear shared by Washington and hemisphere governof the influence of Cuban commu- Today, the South American continent where more than 120 million live under one or another brand of military gova ernment, is witnessing yeasty ferment Chile, Peru and Argentina have signaled a sharp swing leftward, while booming, restless Brazil has become the citadel of the leftist In Uruguay, right. turmoil has sparked a sudden army behind-the-scen- take- over and a crackdown on liberties. And in new areas, many seems rising swiftheavy-hande- d ly. Background Data difficulties The Yankees cajj be traced back a century or more, but briefly, the recent background is this: Before World War II, Washa "good ington proclaimed neighbor" policy, but by and large the United States tended to regard the area as a somewhat comic aggregation of banana republics, convenient as sources of commodities or as lucrative for receptacles investment. To meet a postwar Soviet threat, the United States poured tens of billions into a prostrate Europe. But there had seemed no menace to Latin America, and the United States largely neglected it, supporting whatever regimes, whatever strutting dictators, happened to be in power. Things changed suddenly when, John F the Alla major America's distribu- The Alliance Charter adopted at Punta del Este, Uruguay, called for rapid Latin American economic development, fairer distribution, land reform to break up the huge holdings of the oligarchs, sharply increased farm production, attacks on illiteracy, generally raised living standards and a number of other things including, overall, political stability The choice, said President Kennedy, was between peaceeconoful evolution through mic-social reform or violent revolution. But the entrenched reform oligarchs wouldnt ' easily. The Alliance also sought to isolate Castro communism as incompatible with membership the Orgamzation in the OA? States. of American Only Mexico refused to go along with the quarantine. But many a Latin Amencan figured that without a Cuban revolution there would have been little U.S. interest m the hemispheres welfare, and many muttered a cynical "Gracias, Fidel. Falls Shoit U.S.-owne- d ele- d attitude U S 1955 invasion of the Dominican to prevent a leftist takeover. Shortly after taking office in Nixon disPresident patched New Yorks Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller to Latin Amenca. His mission ran into violent demonstrations in a number of areas. Rockefeller's report was glum. It said the United States had allowed a histone relationship to badly, warned that would continued neglect "create a vacuum in this hemisphere and facilitate the import into the region of hos1959. tile powers. Little, if anything, specific happened thereafter to change the Latin Amencan conception of the Yankee attitude. In fact, many felt they had new confirmation for the idea that U.S. policy was incomgibly predatory. While suspicion Yankees persisted, ebbed Castro Other Ideas In Peru, a recent international conference heard Argentina advocate complete restructuring of hemisphere Colombia and relations, ensuggest formulation of an ecotirely new framework of nomic relations. Proposals for a organization hemisphere excluding the United States and for tossing the present OAS structure out the window found sympathetic ears. So did voices supporting Panama's demand for surrender of over the U.S. sovereignty Canal Zone. A growing inclination to present a united front to Washington was detectable at this years annual meeting of Economic the and Social Council. There Washington was accused of delating provision of new funds for the InterAmericar. Bank, of disDevelopment loan policies and criminatory of other attitudes irksome to hemisphere governments. Even fnendly voices there called the Alliance for Progress a failure, claiming that hemisphere cooperation now was suffering from lassiand proposed a new tude, start, free from any look of paternalism or any indication of intent to Influence sovereign nations. n black marketing, hoarding and pop- shortages, speculation, ular unrest. Meanwhile, Chile's relations with Washington skid led preU " downhill. cipitously investment, once $S50 million dropped to less than 10 per- cent of that I in Buenos by Hector Campora, Argentina leader, U. ... p of dislike All show Aires, growing high. With the economic program came pob'ical repression. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Recife, for example, has accused the government of condoning torture and of pobtical prisoners methods "reminiscent of the hideoc days of Stalin and Hitler ' Washington elected Argentina a Peronist government and the big nation was thrown into violent turmoil when Juan D Peron, alter 17 years m exile, returned to Buenos Aires Hector J Campora, who took over the presidency May 25, decided in July, probably with some prodding, to play a game of musical chairs with the highest office m the land, lie announced his resignation and turned his powers over, temporanly, to the chairman of the lower house of Congress pending a new election that would place Peron himself m the presidency. Hefty Shove Before stepping aside and with the blessing of Peron, Campora gave Argentina a hefty shove m the direction of the left. After blaming the Yankees for Argentina's economic woes, he set in motion a process of Argentmizinu that eventually will mean nationalization of foreign assets and restrictions on foreign Standards $ Bolivia, chronically unstable and with a history of coups, laum hed in .October, 1970, a Elsewhere m Central and repetition of Perus leftward It was doomed to a y South America, one can. hear shift short life In August, 1971, Col. about familiar complaints Hugo Banzer seized the govUncle Sam, with some occaernment m a coup and ansional exceptions, as if the nounced a policy of friendUnited States had become a ship with the United States soil of catalyst, a umiying But his regime could hardly factor for the rest of the feel free of threat from the hemisphere suppressed elements investment. He established relation with Communist East Germany and Cuba. How much of the far leftism might persist under Peron was conjectural, but Moscow seemed eager to pronounce benediction, calling the Campora reprogressive, and anti-impenalis- t. 40 a years Uruguay, showcase of democracy, came under military rule in June when President Juan M. closed down Congress, annulled civil rights and announced rule by decree. The excuse: impatience with and corruption inefficiency and exasperation with the violence of leftist guerrillas. Peru has produced a Latin 59 Rugged construction Easy to ossemble and disassemble Completely weatherproof Fiberglass top and seats Galvanized steel pipe full weight welded frame M56M 'etMit FUVGtOUftO fOUIFNT UP Heovy Duty (D ABA Basketball Call 151 CO 467-896- of fear the of Free 1 2 SO. 300 WEST BIG SAVINGS ON BATH FURNISHINGS $2OFF BATH ACCENT RUGS iew Washington could find some consolation in Brazil, biggest and most populous nation in Latin Amenca, whose regime is a No. 1 target of the far left. Castro is obsessed with the idea that a Brazialiian-U.S- . axis seeks to halt the march of revolution. an Brazil is expenencing economic boom under President Emilio G. Medici, a general installed by the military m 1969. An ambitious program of public works is opemng up the intenor and developing impovenshed backlands. The regime seeks, too, to break up huge landholdings. The "Brazilian Miracle, as some call it, has brought a high international credit rating. But m berties, terms ot indiv idual lithe pnee has been 1 Nixon Message Nixon message promised pnonty attention to Latin Amenca, but warned against expecting dev elopment of new It exovernight. policies pressed eagerness to reconcile deferences but, evidently referring to Latin American policies, noted TRANSFORM A ROOM WITH JUST ONE SOFA. PIZZAZZ! Our RB original design 94 sofa instantly adds pizzazz to any room in your house. Its high fashion design and total lounging comfort for your living room or den with the extra styling and convenience feature of cleverly designed side pockets for magazines.The deluxe crinkle vinyl, a new durable easy-car- e "the more promising basis for hemispheric cooperation are naturally m those areas where our national interests coincide It all seemed to suggest a growing chasm between the United States and Us neighbors to the south. A few examples of recent trends: that n fabric comes in a terrific selection of colors. Free delivery, and the famous RB warranty of quality goes home with you, too. wipe-clea- FURNITURE The whole panhandle of South Amenca is caught up in a storm of violent change In Chile, President Allende, a Marxist but not a Communist. came to power m 1970 in coalition a "Popular Unity The witn the Communists election had been indecisive and the predominantly Roman Catholic Christian Democrats went along wth him when the choice was thrown to Congress, illustrating the steady leftward dnve that in part resulted from long smoldering resentment over foreign control of basic industries (hile Situation Allende has been in economic difficulty. The troubles of Chile's agriculture, never efficient at best, multiplied under a new bureaucratic svstem That plus occupation of private farms and government intervention in farm operations generated severe food Commercial Quality largest Selection in Utah Your Backboard Choice Hardwood f iberqlass Steel Bring m This Ad and With Your Furchose Receive an Official BtmieoiM Venezuela has been free of since the late dictatorship 1950s and ruled by moderate regimes, often with leftist tendencies. Her attitude toward the Yankee neighbor lately has been based strictly on business, stressing Venezuelas sovereignty over her oil, whose export by U.S. firms supplies three quarters of the Venezuelan national budget and permits one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America Castro Basketball OUTDOOR TABLE . in March gime Amencan phenomenon social reform under a leftist military an unheard-o- f government, combination. Perus nationalization of C S. owned assets has strained relations with I A The Alliance proved overop-tinnstiIt fell far short of its goals, and that in turn engendered disillusion. Cynicism was nounshed by such things as the Hickenlooper Amendment, sponsored a decade ago by Sen. Bourke Hickenlooper, the Iowa Republican, requiring the U S. President to halt aid to any country breaking a contract with a U.S. company or moving to take over assets. To young- er, revolutionary-mindements, the Yankee was typified by the sentiment has seemed to grow in direct proportion to flagging U.S. mter-es- t in Latin Amenca. At an April OAS meeting in Washington, many reflected unhappiness with the Nixon administrations attitude toward social and economic development. e With some surprise, Unde Sam is beginning to see his Lutm Amencan cousins in a new light, and theres a good deal for him to worry about Castros Presidents Juan M. 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