Show waw y I 1 4 IN 10 H ey CHAIR 02 S in F L A E K long list of distinguished churchmen who ha halve have ve worn th the e triple tiala reign keign of pope pius plus IX the longest in history pope leo XIII the successor of st peter joachim peed buhs uhs as born at carpineto Carpl neto in the diocese of gnagni on march 2 1810 ordained priest on dec 31 1837 consecrated titular archbishop of damietta on feb 17 1843 transferred to the see of perugia on jan 19 1846 proclaimed cardinal on dec 19 1853 elected pope on fob feb 20 and crowned on march 3 8 1878 the history of the popes shows that of the long line have been italians syrians 7 greeks 15 africans 3 spaniards 4 french 14 burgun deans 2 germans 6 saxons 2 ba da carians 4 english I 1 and belgian I 1 the national ty of the others Is not wel established the religious orders supplied about seventy popes to the throne the benedictines have given thirty the Carthus ians lans two the carmelites two the dominicans four and the augus and franciscans many nu berous popes were members of royal and noble families but many poor men have reached the tiara also st peter was a fisherman adrian IV the only englishman who held the throne was the son of a woman who begged alms at the door of parish church ur ban IV v as the son of a poor french man the parents ts of celestine Celest lne V were in very humble himble circumstances so berci were of benedict II 11 an italian dominican dominian and also those of nicholas V the father of adrian VI was a ship carpenter of sixtus V a farm laborer and of pius V a shep herd gregory XI 1270 died within a few hours of his election stephanus 11 II was pope for only three days urban VII for twelve boniface VI for fit teen celestine IV for seventeen si sinius minlu theodorus II 11 damasus II 11 pius plus III and Mare marcellus ellus 11 II for twenty val jentinus tor for thir y and leo XI tor for twenty five so many popes died with in the first year of their pontificate that their records take up too much apace here since tue we time of st peter only nine popes have reigned more than tv tm enty years no less than thirty six of the popes have died in the year or month 0 09 their pontiff cate corresponding to the number at cached to their names alexander I 1 was made pope aben hen a mere youth he reigned eleven years john II 11 was 20 years old at his election and reigned four years and ten months innocent III was 30 years old greg ry II 11 was 35 years old leo X and boniface IX were about 30 pope hormisdas who was elected in was a widower when nhen be he en on holy orders he had a son called silverius Sil venus who succeeded him as pope in silverius Sil verlus was martyred and both father and son are venerated as saints victor III had also been married before ascending the throne and so bad had clement IV he had two daughters and when his wife died he became a monk there are two instances In in which brothel bro theis s succeeded each ether tb r rhe first la is that of stephen III elected in re five years and was succeed ed by his brother paul I 1 the latter was canonized the oth other C r cas case 0 is that of benedict VIII vill elected in 1012 and succeeded twelve years after by his brother john who was pope tor for nearly ten years benedict III was the first pope to assume the title vicar of st pet er in the thirteenth century bow hov ever this was changed to the present style vicar of christ the usage io of f k kissing the cross on the pope s slipper 1 app i e r wh which I 1 ch still obtains was in produced trod in by adrian I 1 the first pope to change his name on election was sergius II 11 john has been the name most frequently adopted there have been 23 johns 33 13 inno ee cents n ts 1 14 4 D benedicts en edicts I 1 16 iu G gregones r eg 0 i ie 14 clements 1 e m en t s 13 L leos 9 P pluses se s a and n d 8 al ex anders pope cletus the third pope adopted the salutation since used saluted et apostolicas Apostoll Apostol icam cam benediction em ein health and apostolic benedic tion valentine was only a deacon when he was elected in he lived a month celestine IV 1241 who lived but a few days was never crowned Cele sune V 1294 resigned and be came a monk the popes who were not cardinals when elected are nicho las II 11 1058 callistus 11 II 1119 urban urbam IV 1261 celestine V 1294 callus gallus 1362 urban VI 1378 1379 clement V 1305 was the first pope to remove his residence from rome to avignon the exile lasted seventy years and for seven popes the long est interregnum between the death of one pope and the coronation of his successor was three years after the death of clement IV in 1270 pope Telesphor us ordained that lent should begin on ma sunday and pope gregory I 1 the great introduced the ceremony of putting ashes on the head on ash wednesday linus st peter s sue cessor prohibited women from enter ing a church with uncovered heads head is pope Vital lanus about introduced organs in churches lie ile is said to have been a talented musician pope lem lem ent 93 Is believed to be the author autho 0 of f the canon of the mass alexander alexande r I 1 the seventh pope prescribed that the epistle and the gospel should be read in the mass pope felix I 1 ordained that the mass should be said over the toxins of the martyrs and that where tl ere were none that relics relies of the saints should be placed under the 64 aoe V N alb 4 A t za f 3 A Z z BASILICA OF ST PETERS altar stone pope introduced the offertory at the mass plus pius V directed that the gospel of st john being a compendium of the chief nays mysteries teries of the faith should be recited at he the end of the mass ten of the prefaces were prescribed by borie Ge urban II 11 added those of the blesey virgin gregory the great introduced the kyrle kyrie and the christe eleison Sym machus prescribed that the gloria in excel sis should be sung at the masses of sunday and festivals only ordained that chal ices sho ild be made only of gold or silver il and E eusebius Euse us e b blus lu s 9 p prohibited r 0 b i te d sh blut thi the e use of any m ny fabric f a b ri e but white w h 1 linen 1 1 n n for corporals the covering of the chalice during mass marcellus I 1 introduced the rites of burial with lights and the chanting of psalms john 1316 established the usage of ringing the angelus bell mel celades p fasting on sunday anicetus introduced the clerical ton sure alid pelagius Peli gius II 11 the sixty fifth pope established the law that all clerics shall the seven canonical hours or breviary dally gregory IX prescribed the little bell that rings at the time of the elevation of the host at the mass ligi Ilus ordered that the words of the consecration of the mass should be said silently gregory XI who died in 1878 was the last french pope clement VII excommunicated henry VIII of eng land for usurping the title head of the church alexander VI the fa borgia whose reputation present day historians are rehabilitating was waa pope when columbus discovered america americ a alexander III abolished tilts and tournaments iff europe paul IV instituted the index of pro habited books and the tribunal of the inquisition his successor plus IV established tle montes Pie atis or official pawnshops boniface V grant ed the right of sanctuary to all persons flying for safety to a church axy L v 14 11 W 9 4 f TV I 1 Is W gilt 1 1 1 e af THE GARDENS OF THE VATICAN leat A aft if 1 i s it i u N k |