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Show Pag 8 Th UTAH October lndpndnl Continued from page 1 ideological point of view. Although political kidnappings may be committed for different reasons, by far the commonest is for the purpose of terrorizing the Under such ruling regime. conditions the kidnappers may accomplish their objective even though the kidnapping attempt is unsuccessful. The situation has become so critical in many parts of the world, particularly in Latin America, that the United States has assigned more security officers to its missions abroad and has provided automobiles for for bullet-promany of its embassies. Another security measure has been the drastic reduction of the amount of travel and the use of secrecy in1 planning any essential trips. Times for travel to and from work have often been changed daily because terrorists are. known to study their targets for weeks to learn the habits of their intended victims. Other security measures have included the removal of diplomatic license, plates from many embassy cars; in' some instances large embassy cars have been traded for small inconspicious ones, preferably those made by a locali manufacturer. of The Paper That Dares To Take A Stand 11, 1973 Communist Terrorj the Revolutionary Movement-- 8 and the National Liberation Action. Brazilian The released the 15 Government prisoners, some of whom were members of the Brazilian Communist Party and others who were connected Castroites, Maoists, September 7, with the etc. On 1969 the Ambassador was released as the kidnappers demands were met. On March 6, 1970, Sean M. Holly, a diplomat attached to the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala City, was captured by members of the Communist FAR organization and held hostage for the release of 4 imprisoned FAR members. The kidnappers' demands were met and the U.S. diplomat subsequently was released. -- On March 24, 1970, Lt. Col. Donald J. Crowley, U.S. Air Force Attache at the American Embassy in the Dominican Republic, was kidnapped by a group of leftists and held as a hostage for the release of 21 prisoners. The demands of the kidnappers were met and Col. Crowley was released two days after his abduction. -- On April 5. 1970, Curtis S. Cutter, U.S. Consul General, was shot in the back when he thwarted a kidnap attempt in Porto Allegre, Brazil. Cutter, his w ife and a friend were returning to the consul general s residence when a group of men in a car, armed with submachine guns and revolvers, blocked the consul general's car and attempted to abduct him. Mr. Cutter stepped on the accelerator of his station wagon and as it sped forward it hit one of the would-b- e abductors, dragging him on the bumper for several yards. The other terrorists opened fire, wounding Mr. Cutter in the back. roadblock, they were lorceu at gunpoint by the terrorists (members of the Turkish Peoples Liberation Army) into a waiting The kidnappers sent a car. manifesto the to Turkish denouncing Government and American imperialism promised to clean Turkey of the Americans and all foreign enemies. They further demanded 400.000 Turkish lira for the freedom of the American airmen. The Turkish government acted swiftly, nabbed one 0f the kidnappers and through him learned the names of the others. As a result all four U.S. Airmen were released unharmed on March 8, 1971. In the manhunt for the kidnappers the Turkish Government utilized 45.000 poijce an(j soldiers who were met by bullets and dynamite sticks after which some 350 students were The kidnappers were arrested. arrested, tried, convicted, and executed. On May 4, 1973 Terrence G. Leonhardy. U.S. Consul General, was kidnapped w hile enroute to his home in Guadalajara, Mexico by -- -- In March of 1973, the State Department reported that violence or threats of violence against foreign diplomats ip the United States had risen more than 40. It was noted that there were 122 attacks or threatened attacks on and their foreign diplomats families in the past 9 months compared to 12 in the preceding 1 period. In the latter part of January 1973, two diplomats from Turkey were slain in Santa Barbara. California by unknown They were Mehmet persons. Baydar, Turkish Consul General at Los Angeles, and Consul. Bahadir Demir. Some of the major political kidnappings of employees of American firms and the American Government reported over the past five years follow. -- On January 16, 1968, Col. John D. Webber, U.S.A. and Lt. Comdr. Ernest A. Munro, U.S.N. w ere shot to death by bullets from a passing . car in a kidnapping Two attempt in Guatemala. enlisted military personnel were The wounded in the attack. following day a terrorist group know n as the Armed Forces of the Revolution claimed responsibility for the killing. 1 his-Vic- e -1 On August 28, 1968, John On September 4. 1969, Charles Burke Elbrick. U.S. Ambassador to Brazil, was kidnapped by four the who ambushed gunmen ambassador's car in a Rio dc Janeiro street near the embassy. The kidnappers forced the ambassador from his car and left a ransom note demanding the release of 15 political prisoners who were to be down to Algeria, Chile, or -- The (Communist) Peoples Mexican Revolutionary Force. President Luis Echeverria ordered the 30 prisoners freed and $80,000 ransom w'as paid by Mrs. Two Leonhardy. days later Consul General Leonhardy was released, On August 24, 1973 the Mexican Government announced the arrest of two individuals in connection with the kidnapping of Consul General Leonhardy. The two. Francisco Lopez and Ruben admitted Gonzales, to the kidnapping participating and being members of the Armed Revolutionary Forces of the People. -- On May 22, 1973 an executive of the Ford Motor Company in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Luis V. Giovanelli, was shot (but not seriously wounded) by terrorists and a million dollars demanded as protection against repetition. The terrorists were the (Trotskyite) Peoples' Revolutionary Army. On June 6, 1973 the same group kidnapped Charles Lockwood, a British business executive, and held him for S2 million ransom in w hich was paid. G. Mein, the U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala, was shot to death while he was a passenger in the The U.S. embassy limousine. follow ing day the Armed Forces of Revolution the (Communist) issued a communique stating that Ambassador Mein was killed while resisting political kidnapping. Mexico. On July 31. 1970, Daniel A. Mitrione, a U.S. Public Safety Adviser assigned to the Uruguayan Government, was abducted by Communist T upamaros guerrillas. After the they kidnapping, demanded the release of 150 of their members being held in prison. They also held a Brazilian consul and a U.S. soil expert, Claude Fly. Government The Uruguayan refused to negotiate with the Tupamaros and on August 10. 1970 the bullet-riddle- d body of Mr. Mitrione was found. Fly was finally released on March 2, 1971 alter having suffered a heart attack during his lengthy captivity. -- and kidnappings. The guerrillas were identified as members of the kidnappers' manifesto was signed by two leftwing terrorist organizations. On July 31, 1970, Michael Gordon Jones, a U.S. Foreign Service officer, was kidnapped as he entered the garage of his apartment house in Montevideo, Uruguay. Communist Tupamaros guerrillas pounced on Mr. Jones, struck him on the head with a pistol, tossed a blanket over him, and threw him in the back of a While being pick-u- p truck. transported, Mr. Jones swung truck himself from the evaded his and successfully kidnappers. -- fast-movi- ng March 4, 1971 four American Air Force personnel, James Sexton, Larry Heavener, and James Richard Caraszi, -- On June 18, 1973, John R. a U.S. business Thompson, executive serving as President of the Argentine Division of the Firestone lire and Rubber Company, was kidnapped by 10 armed gucrrilas who demanded S3 million as ransom. On July 6, 1973, it was announced that the S3 million ransom had been paid to the terrorist group and Mr. Thompson was then released. -- On Gholson, were stopped by a roadblock while driving home from a radar station near Ankara, Turkey. When the Americans left their vehicle to dismantle the The above arc only a few of the many kidnappings which occurred throughout Latin America and Europe during the past few years. Diplomats of other Western countries have been kidnapped and sometimes murdered. This type of terrorism by Communist revolutionaries invariably is given wide publicity and achieves their aims of securing release of fellow two are at large and will be tried in moncy t0 finance future absentia. In the Virgin Islands recently and activities; rcvoutionary fcar an(J terror among the five Black Muslims were convicted murdering eight people. There i0Cal population. has been a series of murders of In July 1973 Law Enforcement white residents which has created a Bulletin which is supplied to police to such an extent chiefs and heads of law reign of terror the request of the governor enforcement agencies throughout that at U.S. marshalls have been assigned the country by the Federal Bureau of Investigation warned about the to the Virgin Islands to supplement trend in urban guerilla tactics local police, A review of some of the terrorist within the United States. The in the United F.B.l. noted that new tactics and acts committed States between 1968 and 1972 techniques have been developed by a small number of criminals w ho follows: style themselves urban guerillas. -- As a result of the attacks on April 4, 1968 Revolutionary-inspire- d police in this country have included assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin ambushes, snipings, and Luther King, Jr., rioting occurred apparently spontaneous shooting in scores of cities in which 46 confrontations. Perpetrators have persons were killed and hundreds made various requests for police 0f city blocks destroyed or burned, assistance to lure officers into In addition to police, 20,000 ambushes; they have deliberately Federal troops and 34,000 committed traffic iolations to National Guardsmen were utilized. cause patrolmen to come to their cars and expose themselves to a -- In June of 1968 a fusillade. poor peoples march" on T he Black Liberation Army, one Washington ended in violence of the groups specializing in killing which required the use of the have The has stated: police police, National Guard. the guns and the banks have the -- In money. So this brings us to the act August of the same year ff rip-oof of expropriation.. .the street violence and demonstrations for or arms, goods money broke out at the National revolutionary purposes...." Convention in Democratic In analyzing guerrilla and Chicago which again required the terrorist warfare, the F.B.L points use of the National Guard. out that expropriations by urban guerillas to support the revolution -- On January 20, 1969 at the are seldom needed by todays Presidents inauguration, political terrorists. This is one of hundreds of demonstrators were differences several important involved in violence and during between the terrorist and guerrilla that year a series of massive antiin today's world. Urban guerrilla war demonstrations in various warfare can be defined as criminal states produced outbreaks of for conduct revolutionary violence among crowds ranging up purposes. Terrorism, on the other to 250,000 people. hand, is violent criminal activity -- In 1970 there were anti-wdesigned to intimidate for political demonstrations in colleges across Today the usually purposes. the nation and a series of terror indigenous urban guerrilla relies in principal cities. on expropriation to finance his bombings obtaining so-call- ed ar activities, while the political terrorist often operates in countries foreign to him and is many times financed by countries sympathetic to his aims. Thus the fanatical terrorist creates the hostage-typ- e situation (which exposes the terrorist to capture) in order to gain the maximum publicity, but the urban guerrilla never exposes himself unnecessarily. Urban guerrillas can and do use indiscriminate terror as a tactic at times. Bombings are the most common instrument, as the unsuspected bomb, used against civilians, is well calculated to instill fear. Terrorist success in the U.S. has been borne out by the bombings of the New York City police headquarters (June 9, 1970), the bombing of the Capitol Building in Washington (March 1, 1971). and the May 19, 1972 bombing of the Pentagon. A recent report from Manila in the Philippine Islands reveals that 3 persons have been arrested in an to assassinate antiattempt communist President Ferdinand E. Marcos in what wasdcscribcd as part ol a conspiracy attempting to overthrow the government. Among the accused were three Americans: August McCormick Lehman, age 24 of Nashville, Tennessee, a Vietnam War veteran and sharpshooter who allegedly had been given the assignment of murdering President Marcos; Larry Tractman, a businessman from California; and Robert Lewis Pincus of Jericho, New York. Lehman is in custody and the other 1 -- In 1971 thousands of anti-w- ar and demonstrators protestors attempted to close down the nation's capital in a May Day demonstration. -- In 1972 there were continued bombings and the attempted assassination of Governor George Wallace of Alabama. While bombings, murder of P0,ice officers, and kidnappings cannot bring about the overthrow of a government, they can create a feeling of helplessness among the population and a willingness to agree to any plan or prograrti which will restore law an order, national even a totalitarian-typ- e Policc force- - The constant claim that Suns in the possession of citizens cause crime Pcaccful (rather than the criminals who will Sct guns even if they are completely outlawed) is bringing more and more oppressive gun laws to our cities and states, and the disarming of the American public unfortunately has many supporters in the Halls of Congress. The prosecution of revolutionaries and Communist conspirators would help to remove the threat which faces us. The Department of Justice and Federal prosecutors, however, are more intent on prosecuting gamblers, referred to as crime," when organized actually the greatest organized crime in the U.S. and throughout the world is the Communist Conspiracy. |