Show Kv I Pj' THE SALT I7AKE TRIBUNE rV irty? ‘4 y p s i f i SUNDAY MORNING APRIE 21 iV U 5a “ i Y- - 1 1 r r 1932 Ri5ciencewiecnanicsandinvi How a Scientific Study 7 c t -- C- - ie o A Types - 4ivtL- Various of Human the Mysteries of Lining Brains a 7--i r jgn of-Gr- as to forbid strong intellectual qualities” Doctor Hrdlicka goes on to explain some other cunous situations that may exist and give the casual observer a wrong impression of “highbrowism" A man for instance may have a broad skull which serves to take the attention away from the fact that the forehead itself is rather low Or In similar fashion his hair may recede from his forehead due entirely to baldness to such an extent that the brow itself gives an erroneous impression of height When you consider brain size and structure you are on a new line of investigation entirely suitable only for the attention of the trained scientist Such experts Doctor Hrdlicka points out while studying the normal Dram with its frontal lobes have found a definite relationship to the possession of a high degree of intelligence The greater the complex- - Skulls Soli) es -- ot Alwayi row hy a £ t -! lg cf 4 I 4 i Low Forehead as Shown by the Eskimo Type Pictured Above Scientists Have Found Does Not Always Indicate a Low Degree of Intelligence The Center Illustration Shows the Method of Using the Plastometcr in A do you not drink This is a water? vital question because it so deeply concerns the health and effiThe ciency of every human being human body must be kept decidedly wet but not so wet of course as Rudolph Philapsk of St Inina who boasts he can drink a gallon of water For it is nearly at one time water and this proportion must be maintained — if health strength and happiness are to be conserved Water takes precedence over every other element needed to support life It is the magic medium through which you Low brows big brains little brains That old and popular belief expressed in these words has been entirely disproved by Dr Ales Hrdlicka intei nationally known scientist of the National Museum Washington D C as the result of a senes of highly interesting examinations of various types of human skulls If high foreheads means brains then some pnmitive peoples possessing lofty brows should be superior intellectually to the white man according to Dr Hrdlicka Furthermore the common American colored laborer often has a slightly higher forehead than some educated white men Doctor Hrdlicka has been studying this problem ever since 1894 He has investigated not only the forehead but other parts of the head structuie of most oi the major races known to man “Studies show" says Doctor Hrdlicka in Popular Mechanics “that the height of the forehead is not a safe gauge of intelligence Indeed if you take an individual and simply judge him by his forehead alone nine times out Of ten you will be more or le-- wrong However the situation about true intellectuality is entirely different two-thir- HIGH full-blood- v - i y The He German "Scliiedarlrliler bpieli" (Baseball Umpire) Wearing III fsuil of Armor at the Introductory Came of Baseball in Berlin CROWDS l close attention” ars pushing their way tha turnstiles at the baseball grounds throughout the country There are mayors governors and even the President of the United States himself in attendance for this business of patronizing the great American sport Is a serious business’ The Tha players are in position umpire's voire booms out "Play Ball” and the rams is on A brilliant play followed by wild ful on rising one at each meal breakfast excepted one between meals and one upon retiring at night “However the quantity required varies with work climate and mode of life The nature of the food eaten also constitutes a factor since a diet cuhnisling laigely of Lulls ami vt notables or one that includes a considerable portion of milk is high in water content When the body is surrounded by super-heate- d air as in Summer or n certain occupations or when engaged in active muscular exercise perspiration is notably increased The more water removed from the body the more must be taken into it to icplenish the supply and maintain the proper balance” Mr Goudiss summarizes the fm-ptant subject of water in seven points 1 if you lay less stress on forehead size and instead emphasize the importance of the brain structure itself “A sloping forehead does not mean brutality or low intelligence by any means No doubt there are two good reasons for this generally accepted fallacy one being that the main headquarters of intelligence is in the frontal lobes of the brain and the other that many observers have noted a sloping forehead to be prevalent among certain criminal types some savages ancient men and generally speaking among the lower animals and anthropoid apes “This view however although it has some natural foundation is not all true - In many known cases such a sloping forehead has existed along with cheers An error and there are hoots Peanut vendors hawking and jeers their wares hot dog men handing ’em out and lemonade and pop corn sellers doing a thriving business A familiar scene indeed But hark back twenty years and witness the first baseball gams in a foreign setting at which the umpire wore a suit of armor The day June 12 1912 was the date baseball invaded Europe when a team of American players who had been invited to introduce baseball to the German people arrived in Berlin A tremendous crowd was present at the opening game Everybody who was anybody in the city of Berlin mads his way out to the athletic field to see this strange game that the Americans were so crazy about The military the social the diplomatic and the common people were all there It was a gala when the umpire gave the occasion signal to the American Ambassador who had given his consent to throw out the first ball On the field of battle Were the American players and the German team made up of nine picked men who had lived in the United States and knew the rules of the game The handful of Americans In the grandstand and in the bleachers of course knew what it was all about but the rest of the crowd was all at v v connected and related all organized in a remarkable fashion and each with an important function to perform "The brain is a reservoir where everything -is received distributed and acted upon- reflexively or voluntarily Its potentialities are such that no scientist has been able to come anywhere near gauging its refinements and magnitude Even the simplest thought is an accomplishment which exceeds the highest and most complicated machine man has invented "Just as every machine needs various energy materials so the brain requires different foods for the performance of its duties and like machines it gives off different gases It is these gases upon which the physiological chemistry of the future laboring to solve the hidden mysteries of the living brain will concentrate its studies At the present time this promising line of scientific investigation is being given as follows: a brain of high intelligence In this connection I have examined the foie-heaof hundreds of type specimens of the major leading races and found that in the case of most of these sloping foreheads it is not the upper section of the brow that actually is depressed but the lower portion that has been carried forward more than usual The physiological result is that the brain size is not affected in such a way The Modern E of the vacuum tube department of the General Electric Company unwittingly entered the field of gambling or so it would seem from a device which bears e a striking resemblance to an carnival shell game brought up to date with the aid of vacuum tubes and invoking science to keep it on the level The element of chance vanes 120 times a second — and that is fast enough to defy manipulators with intentions Players of the game have only to roll a steel ball down & track inclined at one end During the course of its journey the ball passes over three pairs of contacts in the track joining them and causing their circuits to close Three thyratron tubes and three incandescent lamps complete the old-tim- sea The one who apparently IVERS walking on the bed of the ocean often see plunls which really may be classified as animals Strange as this may seem scientists have proved that this is truej rival in Many of these beauty the finest products of the greenhouses and cultivated gardens Among these marine plants and probably the most familiar is the anemone a specimen of which is shown in the aicompanmg illustration as it is being transported on the back of an accommodating lobster Another animal that grows a garden on its back is the sloth slow-movi- Tlir Sea Anemone In the grid circuit of paiaphenialia each tuhe there is a dirert-eurreand an alternating-curren- t grid voltage in series Since the device is run from 60 cycle house current the voltage is added to and subtracted from 60 times a second If there is sufficient negative grid voltage when the circuit is closed the corresponding lamp will not light but if the ball catches the cycle when it is positive the thyratron tube will operate the lamp The slower the speed of the ball the more likely it is to light all three of the lamps arid it is only on rare occasions that one can tie ball without lighting any of them— the desideratum necessarily With the unexpected gambling element removed the device is designed to show how to determine the operation of thyratron tubes through adding or subtracting voltage nt and the plants it raises supply it with a useful camouflage The body has a green tinge a color rare in beasts Thi3 is due to a vegetable fungus which grows from the outer layer of each hair It has the effect or making the upturned body harmonize with the foliage Alone among all animuls In creation the sloth lives In a hanging position suspending itself by its curved claws beneath Uie branches of forest trees elements are carried into and through the body and there held in suspension for it enters into the composition of all the internal fluids which distribute heat moisture and g material These functions may be termed its “incoming" service It is equally important in its "outgoing” service for without water no waste matter could be eliminated The question of how much water one should drink la answered In the forecast by C Houston Goudiss "Most people drink too little water” says Mr Goudiss Very few drink too much For people in normal health — not engaged in active musculnr work —three pints daily in addition to what ia taken in the food may be regarded as sufficient A good rule lsone glass- all nutritive body-buildin- Motor Cars a ‘dow Moving I’lant-nun1 iml llie Bak of a Lohatrr a fertile Soil in U I111J1 lo 1 lourili knew leas about baseball than anyone else was He must have perhaps the umpire thought that he was entering an armed conflict for he appeared on the diamond all toggrd out in a suit of armor as if prepared for a jousting bout Lvidcntly lie thought that the baseball wm a miniature cannon ball a hand girnad or Seme similar weapon of fearful destructive power He liad no faith evidently In the protection afforded by the familiar mask and the breast-prottor hence the armor Btit that was a score of year ago In I'urope where today baseball Is as universal a sport as football and the umpire no longer wears a suit of mail Rudolph Pliilipsk of St May or Mar Not Be the Champion Water Drinker Hut Hr Is Shown Here Making Good His Boast That lie Can Imbibe Gallon of Water at One Setting ity of the brain structure the greater the gray matter and under noimal conditions the greater the potentiality of the brain While it is true that large brains usually contain much more gray matter and therefore more intelligence than small ones nevertheless there are comparatively small brains of such complex and refined patterns that they enable the possessor to take an outstanding Animals That Grow Plants D plant-anima- v JZrHA) 1 -x VI I 1 ftp ft— fI W ei A SvftdtL&t Iso If 11 of all the tissues and fluids of tha body 2 It is the medium that dissolvea the nutrient materials in the process of digestion making possible their absorp- tion and assimilation 3 It is the chief constituent of tha blood which tiansports food to tha various tissues of the body 4 It keeps the soft tissues soft and the moist tissues moist 5 It acts as a regulator of body temperature 6 By virtue of its great solvent action it is a common medium in whirh all the chemical reactions of the body take place 7 It assists the elimination of waste products through the intestinal canal through the kidneys the lungs and thg skin as Earthquake Refuges OTOR cars may be used asa satisfactory refuge in case of an earthquake as the result of the experience whuh Dr T A Jnggar the American volcano expert bus had in Hawaiian upheavels Dr Jaggar describes in a recent announcement of the Hawaiian Volono Research Association an experience while driving in his automobile to visit a friend On arriving at the friend’ house Dr Jagger was astonished to find the inhabitants in great excitement and the A violent earthhouse partly ruined quake had happened while Dr Jaggar was In his moving automobile In spite of long experience as an earthquake observer he had frit nothing' During the shock which followed Dr Jaggar many people left their bouses and slept In their automobiles as raiur Water enters into the fcomposition Shell Game” st s achieved There are ten billion nerve cells in the brain every one of which ia oi When the Baseball ire Wore a Suit of Armor i or DO sufficient Character Readings Even the Low Brow and the Sloping Forehead of the Primitive Man Pictured at the Extreme Right Are Held Not Necessarily to Indicate Low Intelligence I place in his particular line of endeavor Such brains Dr Hrdlicka points out not infrequently are found in persons of small stature and slight build Notable examples of this stype are the famous artist Raphael and the orator Gambetta There have also been instances of sizable brains where " the possessor shows slight intellectual ability Here again the reason lies in the complexity and refinement of brain matter Another familiar fallacy is that human beings think and work intellectually while using only the front or forepart of the brain whereas in truth the entire brain is necessary in all mental work “The frontal parts of the brain” Dr Hrdlicka explains “serve the higher mental qualities while the other sections are largely concerned with sensory and motor brain processes If you had all forebrain and no hindbrain your thinking processes simply would not coordinate “I consider the human brain to be the most wonderful machine nature has How Much Water Should You Drink Every Day? j ' “ ‘ Intelligence 1 8 ft ? -- eat “Even when not in motion a sedan dn springs and rubber tires produced almost no sensation td the occupants while adjneent homes were rattling and roaring with the aftershocks "Houses usually act 1 have found aa magnifiers of eaith movemonts so that what seem to be a violent earthquake to a person indoors may snm to a per son on the ground In the open to be a single and not very strong thud under his feet or may pasR altogether un- "Thi may explain" comments Dr E E Free in Week’s Science “why it is that primitive men have few myths of earthquakes but many of flood and fire Having no house to magnify them primitive men probably felt only the very greatest earthquakes but anybody Is impressed by a forest fir or a flood” ’ j |