| Show SAVING GOAL BY BURNING 1 iby george E walsh while it is generally admitted that an immense amount of 0 our coal is wasted was td ter or lias has been in the past in mining and handling a greater percentage has been and la is wasted ld in the burning now saving coal by burning ais the paradoxical slogan ot of engineers gi the loss in in mills ills and factories through improper combustion f andl coal has been fo normous s and the problem of saving this is now being attacked on every side A factory chim ney belching forth clouds ot of ablack sulphurous smoke was formerly considered the sign of prosperity pre today st is the badge of cot wastefulness how have the factories accomplished tile the change first by a chemical study of the gases and smoke of the bues ams tues and chimneys which showed the amount of waste mate material end and then by designing grates g dampers and chimney chi niney draft to control combustion second by utilizing the product byproduct by ot the smoke such as flue dust which is collected and for use heat units which are carried from the flue no me warming chambers where they preheat boiling water and by wing sulphurous acid from the chimney and chemically treating jt it the rhe waste of coal in ili burning in tile the ordinary stove and heating plant ot of our homes is evert even greater than in the rut mm or factory the problem 1 of today is to find out how bow we can in a simile mauner save as much of tills this waste n as possible it is a well known factoring fac factor torin in the industrial world one plant will use nearly twice as coal to AB generate a given horsepower horse power powei as another the difference is entirely in the methods of 0 firing and stoking and in tire the design at the furnace similarly sini learly in our homes one house hous will eight tons of coal to heat heal it throng the winter and another no nc larger will take ten tl twelve velve or even fifteen sometimes tile the houses are just the same and the furnace designs exact duplicates then why the difference T it is in the stoking or tiring firing take an ordinary lamp aud and place a chimney on an it it if the draft is just right a bright illuminating flame will burn without smoking it if the chimney is lifted a little at the bottom the lamp will immediately smoke the flame will flare up tip and send a tiny wreath ot at smoke out of the top place a piece of tin over the top tell of the chimney and the smoking N will ill be increased tenfold again wrap a handkerchief around the base of the chimney so as to close up the draft of the lamp and we have smoke these simple illustrations lust rations teach us ahat imperfect combustion results from either too much or too little oxygen waste of heat or light must TOY follow now designers of lamps can malie make the flame just right for all time but the designers of stoves and aai tur fur are cot A yr unal TIr theat IA aust tan te r emulated kula ted and iid then too tile lie supply of fuel is not uniform as in the case of the lamp and chimney problems must also enter as a factor unnecessarily tall and cold chimneys cause a good deal of waste these must be heated up before there can be a good draft undersized chim are likewise bad for they cannot accommodate sufficient volumes of gases A chimney must run higher than the tallest part of the house to work well outside chimneys are always wasteful coal consumers because the outside was wals are constantly cooling oft off and retarding combustion the ideal chimney for drawing Is placed in the middle ot of the house chete ft here it will escape sudden atmospheric changes and rise also radiate heat from the bricks into the rooms thin chimneys are poor heat beat conductors and dangerous at the same time each fireplace stove and furnace should have a separate flue to sasi and this should have as few crooks and angles as possible the greater the dratt draft the taster faster the fuel must be consumed and the greater must be the percentage of heat beat units lost through the chimneys it costs ten times as much in ili fuel to start a fresh fire as to keep a good one going steadily it takes nearly as much to stir up a halt half dead fire to the heating beating point good firing means that the chimney and flues should not be allowed to get cold if so they must be heated up before they can draw well and this means a great waste of oal coal in mill and factory practice the highest firing results are obtained by keeping a steady uniform heat thru out the four hours this Is accomplished either by skillful hand firing or automatic stoking the latter never permits a great accumulation of ashes tile the bed of ashes is kept uniform tit at all times and the feeding in of fresh coas coals is also uniform uni forra there Is no piling of a whole lot of coal in at once but a little at a time good band stoking follows tile the same bame rule now appy ally this to your home furnace or heater the old practice of shaking blaking adire down removing t the it e ashes filling up ilip with coal and turning curnin on all the dampers laone of the most wasteful imaginable slight shaking several times through the day a lew few sno novels vels of coal applied every few hours and with drafts half open means a uniform steady fire are that will give tile tho greatest amount of heat at a minimum consumption of coal it is possible with skillful stoking or firing of this nature to burn soft coal in manyo our stoves and furnaces without smudging the landscape with soot and smoke get a go good ad bed of hot coals and then feed gradually and shake lightly the result is combustion is uniform and the heat units utilized greater than by any other method it if the chimney draft is good and the furnace designed there should be few occasions when all of the drafts will be needed it if skillful stoking is adopted there will also be a complete reduction of the coal to sott soft ashes leaving no halt half burnt pieces poking Po kingwill wid be essary unless clinkers accumulate in places to retard shaking down this method ot of treating the furnace has been tried time and aga again in with the result ot of a saving of from two to live tons ol of coal in the same house in a 1 single winter the interior temperature of the he house iwas kept more uniform alao because ot the more uniform heat beat niala maintained tallied in the furnace try the method once and see the difference the chief thing Is always to lo keep a uniform bed of hot coals in the furnace and never wait until the fuel is all burnt out before adding new shake the furnace lown down lightly every time fresh coal is put on and keep the dampers or draft only halt half or three quarters open in very cold weather they may have to be a opened full but not very often or for very ion ions literary dig digest L |
