Show AT CANADAS CAPITAL canada sept 1 1897 ottawa lawa 1 3 atla this letter in the capital of british tish america from this point al third of the north amerl ameri r one data continent Is governed queen vic about as much land on this f torta has sr S ad of the atlantic as we have if am 01 should take california away from the two countries T united cited states UM lid be 0 of f just about the same size i fe this I 1 include alaska in our ter the british part of the north n i continent is a very valuable property there are mil of C of acres of wheat I land and which not been opened up and there jarge agricultural agrico region which sot yet been penetrated by rall rail B the canadian cannot un nd why it is that the immigrants their air country by and go to the sed states they thay have lots of open to settlement and they offer addition to acres a premium of limit 4 an immigrant to induce to settle north of our boundary this uncle sam gets bulk of the foreigners and cana after fter all these years has now only artly one fifteenth as many people as she has all told only about bave ave meli million by the census of 1891 ita tier her population is creeping upward t than j lan the pace of a tortoise up a n road I 1 have met a dozen t canadians who have said to s flat their day had come now that aued states stat es was filled up if s so 0 ain la in not bright eno enough ugh yet to world the fact times are as ard there here as in the united states oney is tight and wages are lower canadians do not like the new bete r sa I 1 have not heard one friendly 1 in favor of the mckinley gov ent eit since I 1 came here I 1 called ahten official this afternoon aft ernon and id hito blin tor cpr some facts about cann arade trade saying baying that this letter he read in every part of the abiud states he replied care a bla blank for the united fl I 1 dont want to spread news teeming cana canada da in the united js the two countries should have asto do with each other than ever js the te of the tariff act we to discriminate in favor of and we will make a motet Mf tet I 1 here for our products instead ding the them to you we are al fah doing this I 1 have an apple or nd ship several thousand bar few year I 1 used to send them ew w york I 1 now export to lon ind d get better prices than I 1 did sold to you yankees lumber lumber m men n are especially angry ia tariff arin canada is a big lumber t her forest productions are aher tea ad to be worth about eighty a year and tid almost half essiw f IV exported she has the bulk lefton left on this continent and ft of tier her income has been I 1 loss logs and lumber shipped ae ane united states the new really diffly kills this industry as it does also that of the wood pulp mills which I 1 am told have bave been furnishing a large part of the printing paper used by our newspapers these things make the people very bitter and it is largely due to them that the rigid regulations in regard to mining on the klondike are being adopted speaking of the klondike canada proposes to hold every inch of gold territory she can for her own uses there is no sympathy here whatever with american ni and the regu regulations actions will be further restricted if the gold output proves to be as large as it has been represented the size of the claims will be reduced and additional percentages may be demanded As it is now according to a paper which I 1 yot ot at the interior department this afternoon the entry fee for each claim will be 15 and for every year after the first year the government will demand a rental of apiece for the claims this is without regard to the amount which the claims produce then there is the royalty of 10 per cent on all gold mined and of 20 per cent for all claims which run over per week this means that in case of any big strike the canadian government is bound to get okie fifth of it and that without doing antwork any work except collecting the amount due them the provision that the claims be worked continuously is a very hard one if a claim is left idle for more than three days it is considered abandoned and may be jumped and there are other regulations as to fees by which canada will squeeze money out of the miners in different ways I 1 do not say that these provisions are made as retaliation to the tariff but it to is fair to presume that they have been somewhat effected by it badian I 1 called at the museum of the cari cad adian geological survey this afternoon to gather what information I 1 could about the klondike canada has a well equipped geological survey and she always keeps a number of exploring parties in the field one of the chief surveyors as regards the Klond klondike ikie is mr william ogilvie who is now at work in the yukon territory and another is dr george M dawson the head of the survey dr dawson and prof ogilvie traveled together through a part of the yukon a few years ago dr dawson tells me that there is no doubt the country contains a vast deal of gold and says that he found miners prospecting through all parts of the yukon country ten years ago but none as yet had made any large finds he predicts that there will be many disappointed men among the thousands who are now there says there is absolutely nothing in the country in the way of food and thinks that there must be great suffering during the coming winter with dr dawson I 1 looked over a large nu number m ber of photographs covering parts of the yukon and klondike the doctor thinks that the white pass win will be the favorite pass rather than the chilkoot chilkott Chil koot pass he pays that a good road could be constructed ted along it and that it is com ively easy of ascent in the meantime there is a strong possibility of a railroad being built north from the canadian pacific into the yukon country A branch already runs runa to edmonton and from here it is said that a road could be built which would make the klondike of comparatively easy access I 1 chatted last night with a roan man who for years had traveled through British america as an employed of the hudson bay company he told me that one could easily get through to the yukon from this side bide of the mountains he said he would go first to edmonton by rail then go to lake athabasca Atha baska by wagon and thence on to the lesser slave lake from where he would pack his goods by trail to the nelson river and on to the dease river and thence right on to the pelly river and down to the klondike he says there are along nearly the whole of his route used for years by the hudson bay company miners and traders the landing to the pelly could be b made with pack horses and a wagon road could be made without much cost the trip to pelly from athabasca Atha baska landing would be only about miles and thence you could easily float down the miles remaining to the gold regions there is no doubt but that there will be a a num ber of men who ho will make this trip in ift befi spring I 1 meet everywhere people PI who are going to the klondike as soon as the winter is over all sorts of companies are being formed in canada the shares in which range from 24 cents to one or more dollars I 1 have before me the prospectus of a company with a capital authorized of in five million shares the par value of which is 24 cents or one shilling one of the heads of the company is the mayor of montreal and there quite a number of distinguished men on the directors list the advertisement of this company states that subscription lists are now open and that shares may be secured upon application by paying 6 cents a share this town of ottawa is a beautiful one it is about one sixth the size of washington it has wide and well paved streets good public buildings and if I 1 am correctly informed a magnificent public debt its situation is on a series of bluffs at the point where the ottawa and the rideau rivers join these rivers dash over a 86 great fall at this point and the rt rl deau canal has been built through the city in order to connect lower canada with lake ontario and thus prevent the necessity of vessels going up the st lawrence river under the fire this canal cost about two and a half of dollars and it Is said to be worth it ottawa like washington was cut out of the woods it had inhabitants in 1864 1854 and it was four years later that queen victora victoria chose it as the capital of her american dominions today the chief bust bual nesses of the city are lumbering lob lying baing and legislation the lumber business amounts to about a year legislation I 1 judge is even more profitable for it costs about annually to run the government and the total debt of the canadian dominion in 1896 was over this makes 60 for every man woman and child in the dominion an average of per family an enormous debt to say the least the annual charge on the debt in way of interest is more than 10 a family and the figures are still going up in a business of this kind lobbying pays somewhat in pro J portion to the legislation so as far as I 1 can judge the three businesses of ottawa must be thriving SLOT BOXES FOR conductors ottawa has a good system of street car lines the cars are moved by electricity tri city generated by the chaudiere falls and the fare Is five cents a trip each bach car has a motorman and a conductor the conductor collects the fares but he does not handle the money on entering the car at one station I 1 saw in one corner of it high above the passengers heads what looked to me to be a beer mug or stein fitted into an iron ring placed for the purpose in the walls of the car when the conductor entered he took down this beer mug and poked it under my nose I 1 then saw that the mug had a top like a boys savings bank and that there was a slot in it for my five cent piece I 1 handed the conductor a dime he returned me two five cent pieces and again flourished the stein under my nose I 1 put one of the coins in the slot it stuck and it took the conductor about five squares to shake it to the bottom it was the same with the next nickel and more than half of the conductors time was spent in shaking the coins through the slot the same method prevails in collecting fares in montreal save that the boxes there look more like flatirons than beer mugs and when the conductor approaches you with one of them you fear he may be about to assault you with some deadly weapon I 1 took a look at the parliament houses this afternoon they are built upon parliament hill just above the commercial part of the town and in as commanding a location as is our capitol at washington the lawn about them covers many acres and it is as velvety as that of an english park at the back away below you flows the wide ottawa river ilver its banks lined with piles of lumber and its waters covered with saw logs beyond you can see jor for miles across the country beautiful farms extend in every direction and above and below you flows the river near by you hear the falling of water you walk to one side of the grounds and look down upon the rideau canal the parliament buildings themselves make you think more of a cathedral than a great government structure they are based on the gothic architecture of the twelfth censure and have many turrets and towers their material is a cream colored sand stone the arches over the doors and windows being of sand stone of terra cotta red so that the whole forms a fine combination in way of colors the buildings cover I 1 judge about halt half the area of our capitol of washington I 1 entered at the central door and made my way into the senate chamber and from there went into the house of commons the two houses are much alike they are gothic chambers with ceilings of glass the windows in the walls are filled with stained glass so that you think yourself at first in a church at one end of each room to is the throne or chair for presiding officer this Thi chair Is carved and there is a royal coat of arms above it the speaker faces the door and there to is an aisle in front of him which runs from his bis desk back to the door the seats rise on either side of this aisle to the walls the members of one party having one side of the chamber and those of the other sitting opposite parliament is not now in session and I 1 cannot tell as to how a real parliamentary scene looks the governor general of canada here takes the place of the queen he is you know appointed by her at a salary of fifty thousand dollars a year he lives at rideau hall just outside the capital and entertains magnificently lady aberdeen is well known in the united states As far as I 1 can learn both she and lord aberdeen are much loved here the governor general has considerable power he nominates or appoints the senite senate as vacancies occur senators hold their terms for life each province having the right to so many senators there are now eighty one senators in the canadian parliament each senator must be at least thirty years of age and he must reside in the province for which he is appointed he must also have property to the amount of four thousand dollars the senate thus cor to the house of lords in the parliament of england the house of commons is elected by the people a bertain number of members being allowed to each province according to the population the speaker of the house gets four thousand dollars a year or just half what speaker reed receives each member receives ten dollars per day up to the end of thirty days and if a session lasts longer than this the sum of one thousand dollars constitutes his salary for the session every day that a member is absent while the house is in session he is find eight dollars unless he can prove that his absence was caused by illness if the same law prevailed in theunis the united states congress our house would seldom lack a quorum the governor general of canada has twelve cabinet ministers each of whom gets seven thousand dollars a year with the exception of the premier who receives eight thousand dollars in addition to this general government each of the seven provinces of the canadian dominion has a separate parliament of its own which manages its local affairs f so you see the canadian government is a sort of a cross between that of the united states and that of great britain the government in many respects treats great britain as though it were a foreign country it taxes imports from great britain just as it does those of other countries and the money collected for taxes to is spent in canada none of it going to the mother country FRANK G CARPENTER |