| Show A MODEL SCHOOL BY MISS JOSEPHINE KELLOG OP OF PROVO THE TEACHER the first of all requisites for a school of one hundred pupils pupil ls or for any other number of pupils is fis a teacher we may have commodious buildings with every modern improvement we may have the latest and most approved text books we wd may have abundant illustrative apparatus and complete furnishings of all kinds but without a teacher we cannot have a school without a good teacher we cannot have a good school with an excellent teacher and with none else but teachable youth we may have an excellent school teacher aud pupil are the two prime and indispensable elements of a school when president garneld garfield was asked at chautauqua for his conception of the ideal school he is re ported to have answered dr mark hopkins at one end of the bench and myself facing him at the other place that bench in a college with all its ibs equipments in a naked country school house or under a tree it matters not it is you have my ideal school such is the power over eager aspiring youth of the qualified devoted teacher it is not however in the matter of instruction alone that the teacher is of the first importance the intelligent trained teacher alert in every faculty and with a whole heart in the work will attend to ventilation venti lalion sanitation measures for the protection of the modest and innocent and for the Ti restraint and reform of those to go unfortunate as in any way to have become prematurely acquainted with evil ani to all other interests of kindred importance in a way impossible to be attained by any ready made contrivances and fixtures the sentient vigilant pei gona ona lity only can compass these ends I 1 have dwelt thus at length upon the teacher in order to put the emphasis basis in the right place but not ry by any means to underrate the importance of suitable buildings furniture and appliances earnest students suffer delays and inconveniences involving irreparable loss and faithful teachers breakdown break down under the intolerable strain of attempting to keep up to the highest standards in the absence of these helpful means let us then consider what is a desirable equipment for a school of ore one hundred students younger and older THE HOUSE first the house though comfort and convenience are the main points attractiveness should not lie be left out of the account the materials should be carefully selected and the work honestly done WALLS durability freedom from dampness warmth in cold weather and coolness td in hot weather should be considered in the construction of the walls and neither pains nr nor expense spared to secure them these walls walis should stand upon a substantial elevated foundation ROOF HOOF ETC the roof should be of the best beat construction and protected from fire it should be supplied with eave troughs so that the water from rain min and snow may be conveyed away from the walls if to a cistern with an inner compartment wall for filtering it would furnish a more healthful beverage than much of the usual water supply for schools in a school of one hundred pupils of the several grades of district schools it is desirable to have three teachers each occupying a separate room AIR AIB SPACE physiologists agree that seven cubic feet of air per minute Is the lowest estimate at which an individual can maintain that purity of flood essential to mental and physical vigor and that in mixed assemblages when some are diseased and some uncleanly ton ten cubic feet per minute minate should be supplied since it is hardly practicable to have such a rapid circulation as to entirely change the air every minutes minute sufficient space must be allowed to permit a slower circulation without poisoning for one hundred pupils then a building sixty feet long by forty feet wide with a height from floor to ceiling of not less than ten feet will not it if well ventilated furnish too much of the breath of life LIGHT let there be abundance of light desks being so placed in relation to windows that light will come from behind and from the left side of those at study DESKS desks should be placed so near each other in the rows that pupils can write without leaning forward in their seats it is betterto better to have rows quite near each other than near the wall the height of the seats mate should be adapted to the size of the pupils BOOMS let us now subdivide sub divide our house into rooms and our school into departments part ments since little children need more personal onal attention in retting getting a start thans tha nolder older ones who have learned to study from books to write etc we will allow fewer pupils and classes in the primary rooms we will suppose there are children beginning school and beginning the first reader mothese to these two grades we will assign a room twenty five feet by twenty feet A room of tile the same size we will set apart for an equal number of abil children finishing the first reader and using the second reader this leaves a room forty feet by thirty feet making maki dg no allowance for subtractions which vestibules vesti bules and closets closet will swill require 1 be used by b y the fifty pupils from the third reader grade through the common curriculum if the number of recitations be too great for one teacher the little ones may be dismissed eamer ear iier or at times supplied with busy works work and recitations from the higher room conducted by the primary teachers AIDS FOR FOB LOWER ROOMS BOOMS at the top of each desk in the lowest room should be strung a wire with ten moveable moveably move able wooden beads or balls upon it and over ovar the desks in the second room wires with one hundred balls each room shall be supplied with blackboards black boards and a table with clay and sand suitable charts should be supplied to each and such kindergarten material as can be afforded an important item is a supply of other readers of the same grade as those used that a variety of pictures and reading matter may be presented to keep up interest until the learner is fitted for a more difficult boote book VV REAMO HEATING I 1 in u the center of the ceiling of each room there should be a flue a foot equale open through the roof to carry off the theat heated ted ia ascending current of impure air and even with the floor at one side in the wall should be a grating for the exit of the heavier car carbonic bODiC acid gas in the main room the central flue should be larger and two such gratings provided therease there Ther eare are many devices in incon connection with patent heating beating a apparatus to secure the ingress of pure outer air to drive out the impure and supply its place with pleasantly pleas autly warmed air in cold weather and such air arrangement if successful is the acme of perfection if stoves in the several rooms are relied upon for heating pipes from without may discharge currents of cold air directly under the stove which muc t be surrounded by a jacket of zinc covered wood reaching from the floor to a few bev v inches above the stove the outer air will become warmed by the stove and rising will diffuse itself over the room this thesis is much safer sa ferand and leasander pleasanter plea lea santer than ventilation by window in cold weather if the aid of windows is needed let a strip be placed under the lower sash elevating it sufficiently to allow the passage of air in the middle of the arn window dow where the two sashes slip past each other this current entering obliquely will not be so dangerous to those sitting near the windows as direct currents from the top or bottom of the windows thermometers at several points in the rooms will furnish more reliable tests of the temperature than the he variable sensations of test teachers chers or pupils JANITOR the fires buildings and grounds shall ball be in u charge of a trusty janitor and it would be well to refer the question of the state of the air to his senses from time to time as one auteri entering ng from without is much more sensible of the exhausted state slate of the air and its offensiveness than those suffering from its malign influence the rooms should be thoroughly swept and aired at the close of each day and carefully dusted and made comfortable in temperature at the beginning HATS WRAPS EW the entrance for the small children should be directly to their schoolrooms and boys and garls may enter together it will be found better that their hats hate etc should be deposited in the schoolrooms schoolroom where the teacher can look jook after them than hung in halls or cj e the large room should evsy ha entry on elther either side aide provided hooks and shelves boys boy sand and girls should not enter together and they should leave their wraps in the place provided AIDS TO TEACHING IN WE THE HIGHEST BOOMS the room should be amply provided provided with blackboards black boards and with wirth charts musical charts botanical geological anatomical and oth er ere charts harts maps and globes uns una bridged dictionary and other works of reference with at least a email library of standard authors ado not include a laboratory for asclon work nor an equipment for industrial du training for I 1 think in most moat school districts scientific experiment and ana technical training must be of the simplest and most elementary description depending upon the ingenuity and operation cooperation co of teachers and pupils rather than a complex and costly outfit A cabinet howver however e should be provided to pupils should be encouraged to con tribute specimens and collection upon a recent visit to los angeles california I 1 was much pleased and interested terestea in to observed observe in hi the exhibit furnished by the public schools to the chamber of mm merce collections of insects classified fied a and ud named herbaria and other things showing the work of the pupils in natural history MUSIC A musical instrument for each room is desirable if only one can be afforded it should be in the highest room and if none can be provided provide dyet yet music should not be neglected calisthenics and various drills are greatly facilitated by instrumental music but can go on without it while the cheer iid and culture of voial vocal music are within the reach of all YARD OUTHOUSES ETC descending to the yard let us note deome fome important points from the rear of the house a high blo and close fence of boards should extend to the rear fence of the yard which should be of the same description to furnish some degree of gf p privacy even in a small yard the retiring forthe for the opposite sexes should not be under one roof nor contiguous with butine tout tee fence and partition he and whatever may be said audible but should be at some distance from the middle fence these closets should be double one side being fitted tor for the little ones the other for the larger in no case should they be placed over a vault or pit dug in the ground soon to permanently poison the soil the air and very possibly the water supply if in a city with a complete ays Vs tern of sewerage it is needier ta to speak of this but in town and country not provided au an even better arran Wient is possible and entirely practicable the back of bf each eacle closet should be at the ibe lower part a hinged door dobr upward zinc lined blued boxes should be provided to slip inand in and out through these doorways and they should be emptied and sprinkled n with dry few days as required of all disinfect ints dry pulverized earth is the best but can hardly be provided in sufficiency leacy for a large school and ch chemical macal bisin fec tants should be used as needed need in large grounds laid out cut for the beauty the high fence may be dispensed with and trellised may lead offin dif different lerent directions to the closets suitably screened froin prominence JANITOR OUT DOORS DOOR the janitor should have the oversight of pupils on the grounds and should call the che attention OF of the teach teachers ere to any misdemeanors but should not lay hands on the pupils except in extreme emergencies conclusion in a school thus provided with all that thai conduces to health comfort and decency if well administered by a faithful corps of teachers pupils will be likely not only to secure a valuable course of instruction st in a definite nite list of studies but also to acquire ideas and ideals of life and conduct condi tet which can call hardly fail to be of great service to themselves and to society the foregoing has been prepared by the writer especially especial ly for the utah territorial fair of 1890 and is the fruit of experience observation and thou thought ht during years of school work main mainly y in the public schools of our country the writer is now teaching in utah |
