Show NE NEW va MEXICO I 1 mr whitehouse re fening to mr anin potter objection to the tile mexican population asked where mr ain potter would draw the tho line of by language blood or wealth he mr whitehouse believed that the greatness and glory and power of the american nation resulted from the intermixture of races and blood mr nir potter did dla not lot obie object ct to tile the admission of na new mexico because of di merence Terence or of language and race but lie he thought thou glit it not conducive to rapid growth mr crounse wished to ask if mr potter meant to say that the legislatures of western states were more i apt to be purchased than the tilo legislature of new york mr potter did not make personal applications but as a general thing small communities holding bolding the tile Senators hip bip in their gift offered more inducements than large ones for the control of men of wealth mr maynard said the matter of the admission of new states was not a new ques question the principle principle had been long estable established she of admitting any territory as a state when it was found to have a population equal to the ratio of G congressional appointment for the time i being and no territory prior or to oregon was admitted with a less population than the then existing 0 ratio of representation Flor elor florida idt idl was an all apparent but not a real exception at the time she made her application florida had a population equal to the then ex asting ratio but her application was belaj delayed ed until a new apportionment was made which established a ratio greater than her population so that the principle which had been observed was not violated in the car cae of florida etwas it was violated in the Ore oregon goil it had been violated in one or two instances since notably in the case of nevada he asked mr arr potter whether he be was prepared to depart from that principle and whether he controvert ed seriously the statement that the territory of new wow mexico had at the present time a population more than equal to the present ratio of representation mr air potter did very merlou ly controvert the statement that ne new N mexico had any such population as represented and he controvert ed the other principle to which mr maynard alluded the tile usage was in some shome ca cawes caes wes zes as mr maynard had stated but it was departed from H he b nir dir mr air potter was not satisfied w with th the present law he objected to the admission of new states unless there was some reason for it and there was promie promise of their future rapid development af mr r cobb asked if mr dir potter was not cognizant of the fact that within the lait last four years the kansas and pacific the rio grande and the atchison topeka and hanta yanta fe railroads had all gone out towards new mexico and even to its boundary all carrying a laige arge amount or of emigration into the territory since the census of 1870 mr nir potter said he had no doubt it was so if mr nir cobb said it was 0 o mr nir crittenden asked if mr nir potter said he would not consent to any other territories being so admitted mr nir potter said he certainly should oppose such admission mr crittenden asked if mr potter would bo be willing to have an any y territory go into the union as a state even with a population of mr potter said not upon equal terms with the great states without some special reason for the admission mr nir crittenden would you exclude a territory having a population ofa of a million mr nir potter that would depend entirely on circumstances and aud the tile gener general al interest of the whole country at the time mr maynard shall we who have had the good fortune to get into the partnership shut the door against the admission of any othel mr potter askedall asked aske dair dAlr mr maynard jr if when lie he had llad built up a great business lie he would admit an associate on an the same terms as lie he would before his business had become ka a great success i mr nir maynard said mr potter was arguing the question onan bolow low plane piane 1 4 it 4 mr nir G F H hoar oar cod god Is 8 lil lic not t the gein gen clemans tl emans whole consider ing what the states were when n the tho constitution was formed an argument the principle on which itself was formed did not our fathers frame this constitution on the tile principle that little states should mactas meet as equals in the senate mr potter said they did as to the tile states then tilen existing because iio no other principle would woula have havo been tolerated it was the best thing they could do but tile the resulting inequality was vastly less then than now mr nir G F hoar then does not the gentleman think that in ad mit t ing new states congress ought 1 to act upon that principle pleon on which the government was originally framed mr potter thought not unless the circumstances were the same mr nir CI F hoar though opposed to the admission of yew new mexico was very sorry to hear mr sir potters potter arguments mr nir potter if you put tile the government back to the state ri rights lits constructions in which I 1 believe put the federal govern government ent un under er such limitations as it ought to be put under then you can safely sagely go on annex annes annexing ing territory to territory and adding state to state and it will make wake little difference dine renee rence whether tiley they are big or little but it is prec pree precisely icly lely because you have centralized power in this government and increased the tile range of its legislation that things are aro not in the same situation as when the government was formed mr hoskins nie nic the vic constitution of the united states declares that con congress ress may admit new now states into ia the he union of course counse this is a discretionary power and in the tile wise exercise of that discretion should we approach the consideration of the tile bill now before us there are but just two propositions connected with this matter batter so far as my mind has been led to investigate it the first is whether the people of the territory of new mexico that now come here asking to be admitted into this union as aa a state represent the requisite population to entitle them to a representative on this floor the other question is whether the tile population of Territory the of new mexico is of a character wh which ich leh en entitles entities t ties it 1 t to consideration and which would indicate that they are in a condition for self selo 9 government government overn ment mr hoskins showed that the population of new mexico indrea increased fifty per percent cent from 1850 to 1860 and 30 per cent from 1860 to 1870 in new york it was charged that the census of iso isto was not properly taken and if not there was it fully and thoroughly taken in a sparsely populated territory like new mexico there was not a gentleman on that floor who did not know that it would be utterly impossible and impracticable to roach reach the of all the minor districts district for the purpose of taking a census it was fair to suppose that the present population of new mexico was not less than there were also in that territory over civilized indians many of them men of wealth a long time engaged in agricultural pursuits i and among tile the best citizens in t the lle country if it were a fact that in that territory thero there was a population of at least why in the name of common sense should congress deny the appeal when they went there asking askins to be admitted into the sisterhood of states in that territory there were over people american born or of european descent the descendants of those who had occupied the soil for cent centuries pries were among the most energetic and enterprising enterprise ng people on tile the globe had long been engaged 0 in agriculture many were men of wealth all these mexicans and spaniards Spaniard 3 under years of age could speak tile english language thoo thod children were being educated in local public schools and were fast learning the english language e mr hoskins concluded thus i i sir as one of the thirty three representatives of tile the great state or of new york I 1 desire to say to this congress of the american people that in my judgment the state of new york is ready reads to take by the hand land these struggling settlements in the western country and admit them on an equal footing with the orl ori original ginal states whenever cr they present themselves with the requisite 1 population and a constitution republican in form we in tho the state of new rew york work are a great i people 1 wo have vast population lation and vast wealth and I 1 believe from my soul that the people whom I 1 represent would favor the admission of this new territory into tile the union as a state before closing I 1 wish to call attention to one significant fact that at the last electa election 1 on for delegate in congress more than seventeen thousand votes were cast in now rew mexico this number is much in excess of the vetes castin cast in many congressional districts in the states and goes to show that the population has not been overestimated in view of the fact that this territory Terri territory tor has a much larger population t than llan ilan many states heretofore admitted and the requisite number for a representative in congress and that her people are believed to be fully capable of self government and the additional fact that that whole country is filled with mineral wealth lead copper silver iron and coal which which can only be developed when the people shall shail be allowed to throw off their territorial form of government emerge from her pupilage and assume the condition of a sovereign state I 1 for one am willing to vote for this bill and allow I 1 tier ller or cocome to come como into the union with all the rights privileges and responsibilities res pons bill ties of a free and independent state stat e 1 I mr G F hoar was opposed to the admission of new mexico because many or of the tile population could not read nor write nor speak the english language but as regarded the question oli of relative population he did not at all agree with mr nir potter he mr haar hoar did not find fault because delaware or nebraska or rhode island had an equal vote with massachusetts or new york in the U S senate that was waa in pursuance of the constitutional provision and in his judgment it was a provision to which the glory and prosperity of the country were largely due he utterly repudiated tile the ground taken mr bir easson kasson referred to the fact that in most ot of the southern bouthern P states of the union where an immense proportion were unable to read the very party of which he was a distinguished representative had said over and over again they would not make that a test of qualification for exercising the right of suffrage mr air kasson sai said d the effect of the statement is this the people of whom a large proportion cannot read or write ought not to be represented by votes upon the floor of congress NOW mr nir speaker I 1 desire to cosay say the republican party can take no such ground as that without going back upon their entire record and it is enough to say that it impeaches the record made by that party during durlin the entire period since the war in L respect to the southern states of this union again as to the equality of good citizenship on the part of the people of new now 11 mexico exico who are the people who are making mailing the fights the dissensions the riots if you please in the states of the union and in the great cities will wili the gentleman from massachusetts inin mr G P F hoar or any other gentleman point to one instance in the record of twenty six years of occupation of new mexico by federal authority in which one building in has been destroyed one church or schoolhouse school house bouse assailed one single violation io lation by any part of that community of the laws of sobriety and good order educated or i uneducated let no n injustice be done to an orderly law jaw observing and law abiding people liko like those ct cf tile the territory of new Mexico mox Mex leo they may justly come here and say compare us with those of anglo saxon descent in respect to our obedience to law and our observance of order uneducated if they be do not they know whom they are electing to the floor of this house if that be ignorance which characterizes t r ze new now mexico when they send n u delegate hero here like hirn hini to whom wo we have listened today to day then let us beware we do not charge excessive ignorance upon a pe people ople opie who have had bad sense enough to send such a representative let me turn for a mome moment nt to the argument of tho the rent gent gentleman leinan from new york mr Pot potter fei I 1 ask him whether what ho he has said touching the tile representation of new states with small populations is just to the people odthe of the west I 1 am willing 0 to compare senator with senator from western states and from new now york in all the history of the last forty years I 1 will go further and compare the purity of western legislatures with that of the legislatures of two or three of tho the states not many hundred miles away from the city of washington in reference to their representation resen tation in the congress C 1 of tile tiie united states I 1 do not think that the gentleman from new york would won d desire that a comparison should be prosecuted very far touching that very to which lie refer referred red especially the state of nevada 3 the illustration ho he used that the people of the west are too much in the habit of sending men of means to the fhe senate of the united states I 1 ask him whether 1113 hi constituents above all others in in the union have llave not been loudest in their praise of one of these very senators nay of that very senator himself for fur having the oth other erday day made the ablest speech upon the financial questions of the country in the senate and a speech in support of their own views As to my own state and the state of wisconsin do we not remember mem berthat that nob leand honest man mr dodge who was the tile first senator that wisconsin sent here do not inot I 1 and others of us remember that other man one of the first sent bent from the state of iowa james W grimes whose ability on the floor of tile the senate was equal to that of the foremost senator from froin any state of the union who long iong wielded power over the entire Navy of the united malted states as perhaps no other chairman of the naval committee ever did a man who went almost unknown to the state of iowa and came back here and took his seat as senator from the new now state and developed an integrity an honesty and a vigorous ability to an extent ansu unsurpassed rp assed by the representative of any state in the union shall I 1 point to Benton of missouri one of the five great men of the strongest era in the history of tile the united states senate who came carne as a senator from a state with a population not one third that of the state of new york shall I 1 go through history and point to clay of kentucky and others from the new states whose renown is a part of tho the history of the country and so going over the sen senate ate of the united states man for man new states and old states I 1 will challenge comparison of ability and public service upon the testimony of history and I 1 say that the young the vigorous the Int intelligent elligen t population of the tho west though they may not be educated in schools of learning as I 1 wish they might be do understand human character and do know the men who will best serve their states and the country mrm alir cox was not in favor of admission but not for the reasons given by mr potter whose doctrine was not that of the people of the state of new york as he mr cox understood it nor was it in accordance |