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Show J DESERET NEWS SALT LAKE 7""zZ v UTAH CITY, y.'.v.v.w.v.v GD.GQ We Stand For The Constitution Of The United States As Having Been Divinely Inspired CMS 12 A EDITORIAL PAGE SATURDAY, APRIL KAZAKHSTAN Democracy Withers Under Military Rule Before a right-win- g coup a year ago Sunday replaced a with caretaker government military dictatorship, Greece was as unrest and riots rocked the chaos of on the verge political of cradle democracy. Since then the colonels ruling Greece have restored order, quelled the threat of Communism, made sweeping reductions In runaway porkbarrel spending, entered a contract with Litton Industries, Inc., for development of Crete and the western Peloponnese, and won for themselves an undeniably substantial measure of personal popularity among the Greeks. As desirable as most of these achievements are, it still looks like they have been purchased at too high a price. Criticism has been brutally stifled. For example, former Premiers George Papandreou and Panayotis Cancellopoulos have been placed under house arrest to prevent them from making public statements against the military, regime on the occasion of the first anniversary of the military coup. . Freedom of the press has been restricted, political parties have been dissolved, civilians are tried by army officers, and laws are issued by fiat like military orders to be obeyed without question. There are charges that political prisoners are being and otherwise mistreated, charges that have not been answered entirely to the satisfaction of outside observers. Moreover, the birthplace of democracy is governed by a small military clique, not by majority rule. ' Of course, the Greeks are scheduled to vote next Sept. 1 on a new constitution. Largely a replica of the 1952 constitution, with revisions aimed at protecting Greece from Communism, the draft retains the monarchy and makes no substantial change in the prerogatives of King Constance. in Rome after an But the King remains in unsuccessful attempt at overthrowing the military regime last December. Some Greek politicians are boycotting discussions on the constitution on the grounds that there can be no free debate under existing martial law. Moreover, the Washington Star observes that parts of the draft constitution are couched in language ambiguous enough to cast doubt on whether they can be reconciled with the preambles description of Greece as a crowned, liberal democracy. That description will remain a mockery as long as the military junta remains free to impose its will upon Greece in defiance of the King, the Parliament, or even the people themselves. Sooner or later the Greek people must come to realize that whatever the military dictatorship grants, the military including the proposed new dictatorship can take away constitution. t Constitutional democracy will be a meaningless principle in Greece until the people manage to reassert genuine civilian control over the military. la? ...... W0fW!SK 20, 1968 fayjaf && ASIA MASMVAfiSK ..WW..W ROUNDUP A New Era 410. ..-- v--y t.-i-t , KAMWIK K 444444 ( OPINION y44i 4 For Canada 4 Jrba jfrif At a time when most people in the States were shaken by the death of Dr. Luther King and riots in more than 123 something important happened in Canada. generation took command and it will have portant effect on the U.S. and the rest ; tor-jtur- ed self-exi- le ; Welfare Can Work In an era of rising employment and record prosperity, its alarming to see welfare rolls and payments keep going up when they should be going down. The welfare picture isnt entirely bleak, however, and this Weeks report from the Office of Rehabilitation Services provides a case in point. A cooperative program between the office and the Salt Lake County Department of Public Welfare, the report declares, saved the public $349,000 last year. How? By rehabilitating and training welfare recipients to become citizens. . Prior to rehabilitation, the combined earnings of 213 welfare recipients who completed their rehabilitation program during the past fiscal year was $12,800. After rehabilitation, an increase of their combined earnings were $798,000 614 percent Moreover, it is estimated that the savings in public assistance payments to these same people will be $349,000 annually for as long as they are employed and One other point is also heartening: In the past three decades the percentage of Utahs population on the welfare rolls has decreased from 19.86 percent to 3.68 percent. Despite these bright spots, the overall situation regarding Welfare, nationally, is deplorable. By 1972, federal welfare expenditures are expected to increase from $4.5 billion currently to a total of $6.8 billion. Americans should see to it that no citizen Suffers deprivation through neglect or want of human concern. Even so, Its clear that a better job needs to be done of shifting welfare from help to . self-supporti- tax-payi- . self-hel- p. Beyond The Cloister In the past, says University of Utah President James Fletcher, universities have been cloistered centers for intellectual pursuit. Today, they are at the crossroads of C. world ideas and actions. have become so intricately involved , In fact, universities With the technological revolution that they must be considered a major national resource. Both undergraduate and graduate schools have become prime training ground for scientists, technicians, teachers and other Cultural leaders. And industrys unslaked thirst for more ligly educated experts in all areas has clamped a giant burden on the nations graduate schools. In thiawelter of challenges, the University of Utahs designation this week of 21 nationally influential citizens as an unpaid National Advisory Council is a bold new step. The wholesale enthusiasm with which these leaders have approached their task is as impressive as the talents they bring , to it. Significant contributions have been made in recent years fields of electronics, manufacturing, drugs, and medical and dental equipresearch benefits. Social sciences and ment as spin-of- f benefit also substantially from their efforts of humanities of institutions higher education. our The University of Utah's Advisory Council raises hopes that this process will accelerate rapidly with the tapping of this new national source of ideas. by Utahs institutions of higher learning in the - United Martin cities, A new . im- - an of the world. . Pierre Elliott Trudeau, 46, a lawyer, was selected by the Liberals to succeed the retiring Lester B. Pearson, 70, as Prime Min- - . ister of Canada. n . He will become the first Prime Minister since Louis St. Laurent, whose I government was defeated by Conservative John Diefenbaker in 1957. " A Quebec intellectual, Trudeau has been an outspoken opponent of the Quebec separatists -and is strongly against any special status for Quebec; French language newspapers, however, supported him for the post. Here are some interesting editorial comments on the new frontier in Canadian government: PLAIN DEALER, Cleveland Trudeau has gifts that can command wide popular support. He is young, is known as a swinger and sports car enthusiast, is candid in his remarks and has shot to the top after only one year in the cabinet and three, in the party. Canadian newspapers have predicted that life will be more exciting with Trudeau at the wheel. He could be just what Canada needs. BULLETIN, Philadelphia Notwithstanding the swinger image, Mr. Trudeau is not striking out on new fronts in all directions. He opposes the economic nationalism of buying back Canada from foreign investors. He is no Quebec n libre man, but with his heritage may help ease that knotted problem. He does, however, propose to take a wholly fresh look at the countrys foreign policy. This will include NATO membership, possible recognition of Red China and perhaps joining Ihe Organization of American States. Well, any nation should policies and alignments from time to time and the start of a new premiership is as good as any. The exercise can breathe fresh " life into the processes of government. His views on relations POST, Denver, Col. with the United States are not well known, but he has supported Pearsons foreign policy, and- Pearson did much to strengthen French-Canadia- n -- . French-Canadia- There's Aim Umeeisy Truce gd Sovoefr-ChiiniBorders ci By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press Another undeclared propaganda truce, probably as temporary as those which preceded it, appeared to be in effect this spring along the uneasy borders of the Soviet Union and Red China. The lull does not mean Peking has shelved its territorial complaints against the Russians. This conflict is likely to become more intense as time goes by and eventually will play an important role in shifts of world power alliances. The. last undeclared truce came just a year ago, when both Moscow and Peking muted the border quarrels. Then, early this year, the Chinese opened the door to a new round of tension. Propaganda from Peking suggested the Russians had a hand in a seccesionist movement in Inner Mongolia. In the past, the Chinese had attributed similar intentions to the Russians with autonoregard to the Sinkiang-Uighmous region, site of Chinas nuclear tests. The latest accusations came as Moscow was preparing for the Budapest conference of Communist leaders which in turn, the Russians hoped, would prepare the way for a world conference of Communist leaders. Such a conference probably would be asked to condemn the Chinese leadership for its divisive activities in the world movement The Budapest meeting h?s come and gene, and the propaganda about Soviet-Chineborders has faded again into the background. If a world Communist conference is held, as advertised, next fall, it is likely to be preceded by yet another e round of border tension. relaDeep aggravation of tions has brought border tension in the past. The Russians for many years had a keen interest in areas across the border rich in raw materials. Chinas current turbulence and its leaders angry feud with the Soviet revisionist clique could provide Moscow with an excuse for eyeing the northern provinces in the context of Soviet security. The dispute over territory first burst ur Soviet-Chines- Soviet-Chines- e into public view in March, 1963, when Peoples Daily, the main Peking newspaper, announced a Chinese intention to push for revision of all unfair" treaties concluded in the preceding century, reserving the right to acknowledge or refute, revise or reconclude such agreements. For a time there was dead silence from Moscow. Then wheels began to move. The Kremlin sought contact with the Chinese to discuss border questions and confirm border lines. In reply, China spoke of correcting border lines. Experts of both sides met and got nowhere, and Peking, through Foreign Minister Chen Yi, repeated a claim to at least 600,000 square miles of Soviet territory. There was particular tension in the Latest lull doesn't mean Peking has forgotten its claim to 600,000 square miles of Russian territory ... Sinkiang area. Sinkiang, 214 times the size of Texas and a sixth of all Chinas territory, is mostly barren desert, locked by mountains. It has 1.500 miles of frontier with the U.S.S.R. It also has untold and largely unexploited natural riches: the molybdenum, iron, coal, uranium raw material for nuclear power and many other minerals. ' Chinese rule there has been historically weak. The Chinese are a minority. The population is 75 per cent Uighur and Kazakh and the rest the ruling Chinese and other minorities. As the feud between Peking and Moscow grew in scope, the Russians early in the 1960s began closing their consulates in Sinkiang and helping Kazakh and other refugees escape to the Soviet Union by the thousands. Soviet agitation, by Chinese account, led to riotous uprisings in an area whose history already had been dotted with Moslem revolts against Chinese authority. China sealed the borders in 1962 after thousands had fled, and there were reports of Chinese troops firing across the border. French-Canadia- In 1965, Peking came out with a book called A Short Geography of China. It contended that borders had not been definitely established and repeated the claim to 600,000 square miles. It carried a map showing undefined borders deep into Soviet territory. Soviet-Chine- Throughout 1966 and 1967 there were disturbances and even bloodshed along the borders and the flight of to the Soviet Union continued. There vere reports of a guerrilla force organized on the Soviet side of Sinkiang, though this could not be confirmed. The border quarrel was at its most acrimonious pitch last March, when Moscows propaganda voice reported Mosg in bloody lems opposing Mao dashes. It spoke of tragic incidents in Sinkiang and furious anger of all Moslems in the northern areas. National said Radio minorities, Russias Peace and Progress, occupy 60 percent of Chinas territory. This fact is worth considering. It indicate? best of all that Chinese leaders at one time conquered alien lands that did not wish to Tse-tun- become Chinese colonies. This was in gross conflict with the principle of It should par-- 1 make c ularly pensive those Miss Nancies in America who have been pressing our government to sign treaties that would end U.S. control over the Panama Canal. But it wont. For these characters are committed to the dogma that the United States can only improve its image in the world if it abandons its positions of power and abdicates its responsibilities. The theory that the United States has somehow been exploiting the Panamanians is hardier than jimson weed and just as pernicious. Teddy Roosevelt practically created their country by giving more than a little aid to Panamanian revolutionaries back in 1903 as they sought to throw off the yoke of Colombia. It had been a light yoke, but earlier in the year the Colombian senate balked at ratifying a generous treaty that would permit the U.S. to build the canal. Leaders of the Colombian province of Panama, fearful that an alternative Nicaraguan route would be used, started the revolution and by the merest chance American gunboats showed up to discourage the Colombian navy. The revolutions death toll consisted of a Chinaman and a mule. In 1922 Colombia agreed that all misunderstandings were sat- 1 JENKIN LLOYD JONES isifed in return for a U.S. payment of $25 million. Under terms reached with the new Republic of Panama, the United States agreed to pay the republic $10 million in cash and an annuity of $250,000. Panama agreed to forever relinquish sovereignty over the Canal Zone. It is popular among our bieeding hearts to describe such a treaty as gunboat diplomacy. But what did die Panamanians lose? Before Uncle Sam moved in, the isthmus was a famous fever hole. Travelers took their lives in their hands transit on the just making a railroad. Uncle Sam cleaned up the fever. The canal remains the No. 1 employer of Panamanian labor. Without the canal, what passengers in this modern age would shift from ship to daycoach to ship again? And if cargo had to be offloaded, entrained and reloaded it would be cheaper just to send it around the Horn. But for the canal, Panama City and Colon would be villages. Still Panamanian politicians have perpetually complained, and we have perpetually backed up. In 1939 we upped the annual ante from $250,000 to $430,000. In from 1955 we raised the payments $430,000 to $1,930,000. And now President Johnson is trying to sell Congress on a new treaty that would turn control of the Canal Zore over to the Panamanian government and include appropriate political, economic and social integration, whatever that means. In addition, some Panamanian leaders have recently made new demands for half of the gross tolls, the United States to pay for all the operation and upkeep. two-ho- ri ties. . T D.C. As he himself;-suggestTrudeau is a leader about whom the rest of the world, not just Canada, should reserve judgment. If Trudeau TIMES, St. Petersburg, Fla. moves beyond the immediate appeal of image, if he grows with the office, if he imparts his infectious energy to the governmental processes of" Canada, then both he and his nation of vastness will come of age. Pierre PROVINCE, Vancouver, Canada Elliott Trudeau comes to power with perhaps, more expected of him than was expected from any of Canadas 14 other prime ministers , including the visionary John Diefenbaker of 1958. It is a burden any man would find difficult, if not impossible, to bear. STAR, Washington, s, , Thereafter, the border issues tended to fade into the background for a while, while Peking was busy with the complex turmoil of the cultural revolution upheaval. But Moscows invocation of the prin-dpseemed sigof nificant The cultural revolution had uncovered forces in the northernmost provinces who were strongly nationalist, even in the upper reaches of the Communist party. The Russians for a long time have provided indications that they suspected and distrusted the directions China was taking under the domination of Mao group of leaders. Should move forces in tne border provinces to seek to break away, Moscow might not find a series of buffer states in the areas unwelcome. le Tse-tun- $2 million a year cheap a' rent for the privilege of running the canal through the isthmus? Strangely, no one seems to mention the $90 million in loans and the $32 million in free grants which Uncle Sam has handed to Panama since 1946, exclusive of military aid. It would be normal for the government of any small country possessing such a strategic location to try to wring as much from it as possible. But the real force trying to pry America loose from control over the canal is not hard to identify. All the Communist parties of But isnt less than too the world are In many ways, JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Trudeau is the Canadian Jack Kennedy. He L young 46 socially prominent and long be-fore he entered politics an effective social re- - ' former. He also has a rather broad sense of humor. He was arrested in Moscow for chucking ' snowballs at a statue of Stalin. He wore Arab dress in Jerusalem during the sticky days of . 1948. He went through the Khyber Pass without a Cataloging the mans adventures is exhausting. He has been described as a philosopher-politicia- n - judo expert-ski- n diver. He once tried to Cuba. paddle a boat from Key West to He says what he thinks. Sometimes bluntly. pre-Cast- INQUIRER, Philadelphia, Pa. Yet, more than that, Mr. Trudeau may symbolize the t.ner- which gence of a new spirit in all of Canada found eloquent expression in Montreals magnifi- -' cent Expo last year of leaping Into the latter half of the 20th century at full throttle. It should be interesting; it might solve more problems in this hemisphere than Canadas alone. GUEST CARTOON America for its cruelty to the Panaman- Before we sign a d . . ' 4 li treaty, of a Castro-styl- e terror. irreversible by made coup The obvious consequences of a Panama Canal giveaway have caused Spruillo Braden, former assistant secretary of affairs, former state for Navy Secretary Charles Edison, Sen. Strom Thurmond and Reps. Daniel Flood and H. R. Gross to set up an American Emergency Committee on the Panama Canal. More power to them! , f.; ians. On the trade routes of the world there Gibraltar, are four major bottlenecks Suez, Panama and the Bosporus - Dardanelles. Russian sea power already in the Mediterranean makes it unlikely that the Turks "would ever dare close the last. Suez is blocked since the recent war, but when Egypt regains control theres little doubt about which great nation will control Egypt. The only time world communism has backed Spains Franco government was in last summers abortive effort to push the British off Gibraltar. And that leaves Panama. Arab-Israe- ' COMMERCIAL APPEAL, Memphis, Tenn. The question is not the style of the man but what he will do as the new leader of Canada. Some clues may be found in his statement in which he called for a just society and suggested that Canada give up hying to do everything well and concentrate on what we can do best. " in denouncing unanimous -- rifle. In the years to STAR, Toronto, Canada come we will have to judge the new prime minis- ter by the manner in which he grapples with the harsh and complex problems facing the nation national unity, productivity, economic sover-eignty, urbanization, foreign policy. The Panama Canal Giveaway Recent events in the Republic of Panama in which President Marco Robles refused to accept impeachment by the National Assembly and, instead, sent national guardsmen to dean out the opposition headquarters with tear gas should make us pensive. I lets imagine the results Latin-Amcrica- n You're pushing in I the wrong direction!" ' Nawidiy 1 |